===================================================================================================
VERSION	

Version Number Of Release

QUESTION:
---------
Version of Cumulative Data File

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
This character variable appears in the data as:
      ANES_cdf_VERSION:YYYY-mmm-DD
where mmm is standard 3-character month abbreviation
(Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec).
===================================================================================================
VCF0004	

Year of Study

QUESTION:
---------
Year of study (4-digit)
===================================================================================================
VCF0006	

Study Respondent Number: Year-level Case ID

QUESTION:
---------
Case identification number

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
In Pre-Post studies, this is the Pre case ID.
2016 NOTE:
This is the revised 2016 case id number.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1948: V480002
1952: V520002
1956: V560002
1958: V580002
1960: V600002
1962: V620002
1964: V640002
1966: V660002
1968: V680002
1970: V700002(type 0)
1972: V720002
1974: V742002
1976: V763002
1978: V780002
1980: V800004
1982: V820004
1984: V840004
1986: V860004
1988: V880004
1990: V900004
1992: V923004
1994: V940001
1996: V960001
1998: V980001
2000: V000001
2002: V020001
2004: V040001
2008: V080001
2012: caseid
2016: V160001
===================================================================================================
VCF0006a	

Unique Respondent Number (Cross-year ID for panel cases)

QUESTION:
---------
Unique identification number

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
For non-panel cases this corresponds to 4-digit year of study followed
by 4-digit case id from the study as found in VCF0006.
For panel cases, this corresponds to 4-digit year of first year of
time-series participation followed by 4-digit case id from first
participation study .  For example, 1958 ANES panel cases (first
interviewed in the 1956 anes) are numbered 1956xxxx where xxxx
corresponds to the case ID the respondent had been assigned previously
in the 1956 study; VCF0006, by contrast, includes the respondent's 1958
ANES case ID.
Studies including panel cases as part of the overall study cross-section
are flagged in VCF00016.
1958 NOTE:
In the 1958 anes time-series study, V580007 and V580008 flags whether
1958 respondents were previously interviewed in 1956.  However, some
respondents flagged in these variables had been interviewed in 1956 not
as part of the 1956 anes study's cross-section sample, but as part of a
sample component intended for a separate 'panel' (non-cross-section)
file.  Thus the actual count of cases from the 1958 study having 1956
unique IDs in VCF0006a (as 1956xxxx, where xxxx is the 1956 ANES
cross-section case ID) does not correspond with the count of cases
flagged in V580007 and V580008 for previous participation in 1956.
1960 NOTE:
see 1958 NOTE; cases flagged in the 1960 ANES study for participation
prior to 1960 may have participated outside of the time-series cross-
section(s) in the year(s) of prior participation and may not correspond
to the count of cases found here for initial time-series participation.
===================================================================================================
VCF0009x	

Weight: For 1970 type 0 - 2012,2016 FTF sample

QUESTION:
---------
CDF Weight: 1970 type 0 - 2012 FTF sample

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix documentation: WEIGHTS IN THE CUMULATIVE DATA FILE

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1958: V580003
1960: V600003
1974: V742003
1976: V763003
1992: V927000
1994: V940007a
1996: V960005a
1998: V980002
2000: V000002
2002: V020101
2004: V040101
2008: V080101
2012: weight_ftf
2016: V160101f
===================================================================================================
VCF0009y	

Weight: For 1970 type 0 - 2012,2016 Web sample

QUESTION:
---------
CDF Weight: 1970 type 0 - 2012 Web sample

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix documentation: WEIGHTS IN THE CUMULATIVE DATA FILE

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1958: V580003
1960: V600003
1974: V742003
1976: V763003
1992: V927000
1994: V940007a
1996: V960005a
1998: V980002
2000: V000002
2002: V020101
2004: V040101
2008: V080101
2012: weight_web
2016: V160101w
===================================================================================================
VCF0009z	

Weight: For 1970 type 0 - 2012,2016 full sample

QUESTION:
---------
CDF Weight: 1970 type 0 - 2012,2016 full sample

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix documentation: WEIGHTS IN THE CUMULATIVE DATA FILE

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1958: V580003
1960: V600003
1974: V742003
1976: V763003
1992: V927000
1994: V940007a
1996: V960005a
1998: V980002
2000: V000002
2002: V020101
2004: V040101
2008: V080101
2012: weight_full
2016: V160101
===================================================================================================
VCF0010x	

Weight: For 1970 type 1 - 2012,2016 FTF sample

QUESTION:
---------
CDF Weight: 1970 type 1 - 2012 FTF sample

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix documentation: WEIGHTS IN THE CUMULATIVE DATA FILE

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1958: V580003
1960: V600003
1970: V700012
1974: V742003
1976: V763003
1992: V927000
1994: V940007a
1996: V960005a
1998: V980002
2000: V000002
2002: V020101
2004: V040101
2008: V080101
2012: weight_ftf
2016: V160101f
===================================================================================================
VCF0010y	

Weight: For 1970 type 1 - 2012,2016 Web sample

QUESTION:
---------
CDF Weight: 1970 type 1 - 2012 Web sample

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix documentation: WEIGHTS IN THE CUMULATIVE DATA FILE

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1958: V580003
1960: V600003
1970: V700012
1974: V742003
1976: V763003
1992: V927000
1994: V940007a
1996: V960005a
1998: V980002
2000: V000002
2002: V020101
2004: V040101
2008: V080101
2012: weight_web
2016: V160101w
===================================================================================================
VCF0010z	

Weight: For 1970 type 1 - 2012,2016 full sample

QUESTION:
---------
CDF Weight: 1970 type 1 - 2012,2016 full sample

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix documentation: WEIGHTS IN THE CUMULATIVE DATA FILE

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1958: V580003
1960: V600003
1970: V700012
1974: V742003
1976: V763003
1992: V927000
1994: V940007a
1996: V960005a
1998: V980002
2000: V000002
2002: V020101
2004: V040101
2008: V080101
2012: weight_full
2016: V160101
===================================================================================================
VCF0011x	

Weight: For 1970 type 2 - 2012,2016 FTF sample

QUESTION:
---------
CDF Weight: 1970 type 2 - 2012 FTF sample

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix documentation: WEIGHTS IN THE CUMULATIVE DATA FILE

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1958: V580003
1960: V600003
1970: V700013
1974: V742003
1976: V763003
1992: V927000
1994: V940007a
1996: V960005a
1998: V980002
2000: V000002
2002: V020101
2004: V040101
2008: V080101
2012: weight_ftf
2016: V160101f
===================================================================================================
VCF0011y	

Weight: For 1970 type 2 - 2012,2016 Web sample

QUESTION:
---------
CDF Weight: 1970 type 2 - 2012 Web sample

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix documentation: WEIGHTS IN THE CUMULATIVE DATA FILE

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1958: V580003
1960: V600003
1970: V700013
1974: V742003
1976: V763003
1992: V927000
1994: V940007a
1996: V960005a
1998: V980002
2000: V000002
2002: V020101
2004: V040101
2008: V080101
2012: weight_web
2016: V160101w
===================================================================================================
VCF0011z	

Weight: For 1970 type 2 - 2012,2016 full sample

QUESTION:
---------
CDF Weight: 1970 type 2 - 2012,2016 full sample

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix documentation: WEIGHTS IN THE CUMULATIVE DATA FILE

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1958: V580003
1960: V600003
1970: V700013
1974: V742003
1976: V763003
1992: V927000
1994: V940007a
1996: V960005a
1998: V980002
2000: V000002
2002: V020101
2004: V040101
2008: V080101
2012: weight_full
2016: V160101
===================================================================================================
VCF0012	

Form Filter for Paper Questionnaires

QUESTION:
---------
Form or interview type of paper questionnaire

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Type 1   (1970 N=758)
   /Form I  (1972 N=1372)
   /Form A  (1986 N=1086;1988 N=1006;1990 N=1007;1994 N=500)
2. Type 2   (1970 N=749)
   /Form II (1972 N=1333)
   /Form B  (1986 N=1090;1988 N=1034;1990 N=993;1994 N=497

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA
INAP. no form or type of IW; not a paper questionnaire

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See also VCF0012A, VCF0012B.  This describes paper questionnaires
(1948-1994).
1972 NOTE 1:
57 Rs who were Pre Form I and 37 Rs who were Pre Form II were sent post
mail questionnaires that contained most, but not all, of Form I/ Form
II Post personal questions.  Rs who were Form I in the Pre but
administered Post mail questionnaires were designated 'FORM III' in the
Post, while Rs who were Form II in the Pre but who completed mail
questionnaires for the Post were Post 'FORM  IV'.
1972 NOTE 2:
The same Form type was assigned in the Post as in the Pre.
1986 NOTE:
Form A questions were not asked of Form B respondents and vice versa,
with two exceptions: both were asked VCF0830, with varied wording.
1988 NOTE 1:
Unlike other years, in 1988 all questions were present in both Form A
and Form B, however some differed by form in wording or placement: e.g.
VCF0517-VCF0518, VCF0830, VCF9076, VCF9084, VCF9092.
1988 NOTE 2:
same as 1972 NOTE 2.
1994 NOTE:
In 1994, the study included a 'ballot card' experiment.  Two ballot
cards were drafted with identical content but different layout.
===================================================================================================
VCF0013	

Completion - Post-election (flag)

QUESTION:
---------
Post-election interview data present

VALID CODES:
------------
0. No Post-election interview data
1. Post-election interview data present

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
This describes the presence of post-election data in ANES pre-post
time-series studies: studies conducted in years of presidential
elections and in 2002 were pre-post studies. In non-presidential years
except 1954 and 2002, ANES has conducted a Post-election interview only,
and all non-presidential years other than 1954 and 2002 have been coded
1.*  2002 is the only non-presidential-year study which is a Pre-Post
study.
The following list identifies for Pre-Post studies the start of Post
variable numbering:
   Year   Post Vars begin:            Year   Post Vars begin:
   1948     V480001                   1988     V880564
   1952     V520168                   1992     V925001
   1956     V560192                   1996     V960900
   1960     V600190                   2000     V001201
   1964     V640273                   2002     V025001
   1968     V680270                   2004:    V045001
   1972     V720438                   2008:    V085001a
   1976     V763524                   2012:    mediapo_tv
   1980     V800738                   2016:    V162001
   1984     V840722
1948 NOTE:
All cases in the release datafile were interviewed in the Post.
1954 NOTE: *
The 1954 study was a minor study conducted in October of 1954 and is
coded 0.  The 1954 study was comprised of only 27 variables and is
represented in the Cumulative Data File in:  VCF0104-VCF0106, VCF0110,
VCF0112-VCF0114, VCF0127, VCF0128, VCF0140, VCF0301-VCF0305, VCF0701,
VCF9027.
1956 NOTE:
No cases without post-election re-interviews were included in the
final 1956 dataset.
1968 NOTE:
9 cases which were no-Post had some information about voting
behavior NOTEd on their coversheets:  although defined as 'no-Post,'
these cases were nonetheless represented in (post) vote variables in
the original dataset, and such coversheet-derived vote information has
also been included in Cumulative Data File voting variables where
appropriate.
**ALL YEARS 2002-2008:
Post variable numbering begins Vxx5001, where xx is the 2-digit year
of the time-series study.

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520003
1960: V600016
1964: V640276
1968: V680005
1972: V720438
1976: V763004
1980: V800003
1984: V840061
1988: V880048
1992: V923010
1996: V960010
2000: V000003
2002: V021002
2004: V041001
2008: V081001
2012: wave_completions
2016: V160502
===================================================================================================
VCF0014	

Completion - Pre-election (flag)

QUESTION:
---------
Pre-election interview data present

VALID CODES:
------------
0. No Pre-election interview data present
1. Pre-election interview data present

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
This describes the presence of pre-election data in ANES pre-post
time-series studies: studies conducted in years of presidential
elections and in 2002 were pre-post studies. Only in 1948, 1952 and
1960 cases were any cases conducted with a Post-election interview
but no Pre-election interview. In non-presidential years except 1954
and 2002, ANES conducted a Post-election interview only, and all
non-presidential years except 1954 and 2002 have been coded 0.*
1954**, 2002 and presidential years other than 1948, 1952 and 1960 have
been coded 1.
1948 NOTE:
1 case code 9 NA in the original survey data was examined
and identified as Post-only; this case has been coded 0.
1954 NOTE: *
The 1954 study was a minor study conducted in October of 1954 and is
coded 1. The 1954 study was comprised of only 27 variables and is
represented in the Cumulative Data File in:  VCF0104-VCF0106, VCF0110,
VCF0112-VCF0114, VCF0127, VCF0128, VCF0140, VCF0301-VCF0305, VCF0701,
VCF9027.

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1948: V480009
1952: V520003
1960: V600016
1988: V880856
2016: V160502
===================================================================================================
VCF0015a	

Abbreviated Interview - Pre

QUESTION:
---------
Abbreviated interview form - Pre

VALID CODES:
------------
0. Pre IW not abbreviated [1992:'Long' form Pre]
1. Abbreviated pre IW
   [1980 N=44: CA29,TX03 ; 1992 short-form Pre N=150;
   1996 VQ date 09/25/96 or later N=1074; 2000 VQ date
   09/28/00 or later N=999]
2. Spanish Pre
   [1992 N=22; a translation of the 1992 Pre
   short form questionnaire except for demographic
   sections, which were slightly more complete in the
   Spanish Pre form]

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. post-election study; no pre IW (1948,1952,1960)

NOTES:
------
1980 NOTE:
Abbreviated Pre interviews were administered as replacements for
discovered 'fake' interviews.
1992 NOTE:
In addition to 'long-form' or full personal mode questionnaires, short-
form telephone questionnaires were prepared in both the Pre and Post
waves for out-of-range panel cases.  Please see the full 1992 ANES
documentation for a complete description. NOTE that, contrary to
intentions, use of the short-form questionnaire was not limited to
telephone mode, nor was long-form use confined to personal mode. [In
a few cases the shorter interview was administered to 'fresh' cross-
section respondents-- 4 cases Pre, 4 cases Post].
1996 NOTE:
The Pre 'VQ file' or CAPI application was revised several times while
in the field.  Beginning with the instrument with revision date 9/25/96,
some questions (most of the items related to 1996 candidate Ross Perot)
were dropped from the Pre.
2000 NOTE:
In the Pre, Buchanan traits and affects were dropped beginning with
the 09/28/00 VQ.

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800048
1992: V923011
1996: V960018
2000: V000012
===================================================================================================
VCF0015b	

Abbreviated Interview - Post

QUESTION:
---------
Abbreviated interview form - Post

VALID CODES:
------------
0. Post IW is not abbreviated
   [1952: extended form B re-interview; 1984: personal
   IW; 1992: 'long' form Post incl. Spanish Post]
1. Abbreviated Post IW
   [1952 N=585: not the extended re-interview with
   29 additional questions; 1968 mail questionnaire N=36;
   1972 Form III mail quesionnaire N=57; 1984 telephone
   questionnaire N=966 ; 1992 short-form N=190 ; 1996
   training VQ N=39]
2. Additional Abbreviated Post IWs
   [1972 Form IV mail questionnaire N=37; 1984
   abbreviated telephone questionnaire N=45]

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no post IW

NOTES:
------
1952 NOTE:
In 1952 some respondents were sent an extended version of the post
questionnaire ('form B'); cases not administered this extended Post
re-interview are coded 1.
1968 NOTE:
In the 1968 post, some respondents were sent mail questionnaires which
contained fewer questions than in the full face-to-face questionnaire.
1972 NOTE:
In the 1972 post, some respondents were sent mail questionnaires which
contained fewer questions than in the full face-to-face questionnaire:
respondents who were Form I in the Pre (see VCF0012) and who were
interviewed in the Post using the mail questionnaire were designated
'Form III' in the Post; respondents who were Form II in the Pre and who
were interviewed in the Post using the mail questionnaire were
designated 'Form IV' in the Post
1984 NOTE:
In addition to the 1984 telephone Post questionnaire, which was shorter
than the 1984 Post personal questionnaire, an abbreviated version of the
Post telephone questionnaire was also administered to 45 cases.
1992 NOTE:
In addition to 'long-form' or full personal mode questionnaires, short-
form telephone questionnaires were prepared in both the Pre and Post
waves for out-of-range panel cases.  Please see the full 1992 ANES
documentation for a complete description. NOTE that, contrary to
intentions, use of the short-form questionnaire was not limited to
telephone mode, nor was long-form use confined to personal mode. [In
a few cases the shorter interview was administered to 'fresh' cross-
section respondents-- 4 cases Pre, 4 cases Post].
1996 NOTE:
The Post 'VQ file' or CAPI application was revised several times while
in the field.  Some cases in the Post were mistakenly administered
using a pre-production (training) VQ file which lacked several
intended questions.

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520003
1968: V680005
1972: V720003
1984: V840064
1992: V925002
1996: V960909
===================================================================================================
VCF0016	

Cross-section composition: fresh Cross or panel case

QUESTION:
---------
Sample component: 'new' cross-section or panel case

VALID CODES:
------------
0. Fresh Cross case
1. Panel case (1958 N=866;  1960 N=939;  1974 N=1100;
               1976 N=925;  1992 N=1359; 1994 N=759;
               1996 N=1316; 2002 N=1187)

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Code-level Ns indicated are unweighted. The combined sample of panel and
fresh-cross cases together constitute an overall representative cross-
section for the time-series study.  Panel cases in 1958,1960,1974 and
1976 are not flagged in the data of the respective time-series studies;
for these years this variable has been coded from the 1956-1958-1960
and 1972-1974-1976 merged panel files.
1958 NOTE:
Panel cases had previously been interviewed in 1956 ( NOTE: the number
of panel cases in the 1958 time-series data file does not correspond with
the number of 1958 panel cases in the 1956-1958-1960 merged panel file)
1960 NOTE:
Panel cases had previously been interviewed in 1956 or 1958 ( NOTE: the
number of panel cases in the 1950 time-series data file does not
correspond with the number of 1950 panel cases in the 1956-1958-1960
merged panel file)
1974 NOTE:
Panel cases had previously been interviewed in 1972 ( NOTE: the number
of panel cases in the 1974 time-series data file does not correspond with
the number of 1974 panel cases in the 1972-1974-1976 merged panel file)
1976 NOTE:
Panel cases had previously been interviewed in 1972 or 1974 ( NOTE: the
number of panel cases in the 1975 time-series data file does not
correspond with the number of 1976 panel cases in the 1972-1974-1976
merged panel file)
1992 NOTE:
Panel cases had previously been interviewed in 1990.
1994 NOTE:
Panel cases had previously been interviewed in 1992, as 1992 new fresh
Cross-Section cases (no 1994 Panel cases had been interviewed in 1990).
1996 NOTE:
Panel cases had previously been interviewed in 1994, and a portion had
also been interviewed in 1992.
2002 NOTE:
Panel cases had previously been interviewed in 2000.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1992: V923005
1994: V940002
1996: V960002
2002: V021001
===================================================================================================
VCF0017	

Mode of Interview

QUESTION:
---------
Mode of interview

VALID CODES:
------------
0. All personal (pre-post studies: personal pre and post
     or personal pre and no post; post-only studies:
     personal post)
1. Telephone pre (personal post or no post)
2. Telephone post (personal pre)
3. All telephone (pre-post studies: pre and post [no post-only
     telephone studies in Time Series])
4. All internet (pre-post studies: internet pre and post
     or internet pre and no post; post-only studies:
     internet post)

NOTES:
------
1992 NOTE:
A shorter questionnaire was designed for telephone interviewing only,
where telephone administration was intended for selected Panel cases;
all long-form questionnaires were designed to be administered in
person.  However, due to interviewer misunderstanding, 125 Pre
interviews and 284 Post interviews -- including both Panel and new
Cross-Section respondents --were administered over the telephone using
long-form questionnaires.  Mode of interview here thus cannot be
identified with short or long questionnaire (VCF0015a,VCF0015b).  [ NOTE:
additionally, in 1 Pre case a Panel short-form interview was conducted
in person.]
1998 NOTE:
This is the beginning mode of the interview; in some cases, the
interview may have been suspended and completed in a different mode.
2000 NOTE:
Code 1 includes 5 cases which were personal in the Pre and intended to
be switched to phone mode in the Post, but which were again
administered face-to-face.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V840004
1992: V923031,V925003
1994: V940045
1996: V960031a
1998: V980024
2000: V000004,V000126
2002: V022002,V024002
2012: mode
2016: V160501
===================================================================================================
VCF0018a	

Language of Interview - Pre

QUESTION:
---------
1980: Was this interview conducted in English? (IF NO:) In What language
was this interview conducted?
1984,1988,1992: Was this interview conducted entirely in English, or was
it necessary to translate some (or all) questions into another language?
What language?

VALID CODES:
------------
0. IW conducted entirely in English; 2008,2012: beginning language
1. Some or all of IW translated to Spanish
3. Some or all of IW translated to French
5. Some or all of IW translated to non-English language other than Spanish 
   or French
7. Some or all of IW translated to non-English language but NA which language

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA if English or other language
INAP. post-election study

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
For studies prior to 1978 it is not entirely certain whether any full
or partial translations occurred, however none have been documented and
all cases prior to 1978 are coded 0.  This was a question for the interviewer.
1988 NOTE:
A language variable appeared for the Pre but not the Post.
1992 NOTE:
In the Pre, a Spanish language version of the short questionnaire was
administered to 22 cases; these 22 cases and 9 additional cases were
coded in the language variable as including at least some translation.
2004 NOTE:
This was an admininstration (not interviewer) variable.
Spanish language versions of the Pre and Post questionnaires were
administered to Spanish-speaking respondents: these cases are coded 1.
2008,2012 NOTE:
This was an admininstration (not interviewer) variable, representing
language at start of interview (English coded 0, Spanish coded 1).
(Interviewer could switch between English or Spanish language at any
point later in the interview.)

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800734
1984: V840720,V840721
1988: V880562,V880563
1992: V923011,V924212,V924213
2008: V082011
2012: admin_pre_lang_start
===================================================================================================
VCF0018b	

Language of Interview - Post

QUESTION:
---------
1980: Was this interview conducted in English? (IF NO:) In What language
was this interview conducted?
1984,1988,1992: Was this interview conducted entirely in English, or was
it necessary to translate some (or all) questions into another language?
What language?

VALID CODES:
------------
0. IW conducted entirely in English; 2008,2012: beginning language
1. Some or all of IW translated to Spanish
3. Some or all of IW translated to French
4. Some or all of IW conducted in either Spanish or French
5. Some or all of IW translated to non-English language other than Spanish or 
   French
7. Some or all of IW translated to non-English language but NA which language

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA if English or other language
INAP. no Post IW; abbrev. Post IW (1984)

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
For studies prior to 1978 it is not entirely certain whether any full
or partial translations occurred, however none have been documented and
all cases prior to 1978 are coded 0.  This was a question for the
interviewer (except 1994).
1978 NOTE:
Code 4 includes 1978 cases from code 'Spanish, French'.
1988 NOTE:
A language variable appeared for the Pre but not for the Post.
1992 NOTE:
For an unknown reason, this question was not answered by interviewers
in 826 cases.
1994 NOTE:
This was an admininstration (not interviewer) variable.
Spanish language versions of the Pre and Post questionnaires were
administered to Spanish-speaking respondentsl these cases are coded 1.
2004 NOTE:
This was an admininstration (not interviewer) variable.
Spanish language versions of the Pre and Post questionnaires were
administered to Spanish-speaking respondentsl these cases are coded 1.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780645
1980: V801192
1982: V820776
1984: V841117
1986: V860768,V860769
1990: V900695,V900696
1992: V926251,V926252
1994: V940047
2008: V084011
2012: admin_post_lang_start
===================================================================================================
VCF0019	

R Relationship to Head of HH 1952-1986

QUESTION:
---------
R's relationship to head

VALID CODES:
------------
1. R is head of household
2. R is spouse of head of household
3. R is neither head of household nor spouse of head

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA
0. No Pre IW (1952,1960)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
The concept of 'Head of Household' was used 1948-1986 (identification
of head was not coded 1948 or 1954).

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520009
1956: V560174
1958: V580173
1960: V600121
1964: V640185
1966: V660238
1968: V680265
1970: V700392(type 0)
1972: V720426
1974: V742426
1976: V763514
1978: V780633
1980: V800723
1982: V820765
1984: V840710
1986: V860758
===================================================================================================
VCF0050a	

Respondent Level of Political Info - Pre

QUESTION:
---------
PRE INTERVIEWER OBSERVATION: 
Respondent's general level of information about politics and public
affairs seemed:

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Very high
2. Fairly high
3. Average
4. Fairly low
5. Very low

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
2012 NOTE:
This question applies only to the in-person (FTF) sample.

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1968: V680269
1972: V720429
1976: V763517
1980: V800726
1984: V840713
1988: V880555
1992: V924205
1996: V960070
2000: V001033
2002: V023155
2004: V043403
2008: V083303
2012: iwrobspre_levinfo
2016: V168016
===================================================================================================
VCF0050b	

Respondent Level of Political Info - Post

QUESTION:
---------
POST INTERVIEWER OBSERVATION: 
Respondent's general level of information about politics and public
affairs seemed:

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Very high
2. Fairly high
3. Average
4. Fairly low
5. Very low

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA
0. no Post IW; abbrev. Post IW (1984); web mode (2012,2016)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
1972 NOTE:
no Post version of this variable was available.
1976 NOTE:
same as 1972.
1988 NOTE:
same as 1972.
2012 NOTE:
This question applies only to the in-person (FTF) sample.

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1966: V660242
1968: V680531
1970: V700396(type 0)
1974: V742558
1978: V780636
1980: V801186
1982: V820768
1984: V841112
1986: V860761
1990: V900688
1992: V926250
1994: V941438
1996: V960940
1998: V980676
2000: V001745
2002: V025192
2004: V045303
2008: V085403
2012: iwrobspost_levinfo
2016: V168112
===================================================================================================
VCF0070a	

Interviewer Gender - Pre

QUESTION:
---------
Pre interviewer gender

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Male
2. Female

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
2012 NOTE:
This question applies only to the in-person (FTF) sample.

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1988: V880037
1992: V923089
1996: V960090
2000: V000072
2002: V022025
2004: V042103
2008: V082252
2012: iwrdesc_pre_gender
2016: V168257
===================================================================================================
VCF0070b	

Interviewer Gender - Post

QUESTION:
---------
Post interviewer gender

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Male
2. Female

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA
0. no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
1988 NOTE:
Post data are not available.
2000 NOTE:
Gender of post Interviewer assigned to R is coded for all cases,
including cases without post interview.
2004 NOTE:
same as 2000.
2012 NOTE:
This question applies only to the in-person (FTF) sample.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1990: V900049
1992: V925042
1994: V940101
1996: V960955
1998: V980058
2000: V000187
2002: V024025
2004: V044103
2008: V084252
2012: iwrdesc_post_gender
2016: V168307
===================================================================================================
VCF0071a	

Interviewer Race Full - Pre

QUESTION:
---------
Pre interviewer race - full

VALID CODES:
------------
1. White
2. Black
3. Native American
4. Asian
7. Other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
For reasons of confidentiality, data are not available for the full set
of race codes after 2002 [see VCF0071c].
1988 NOTE:
Categories 'Asian' and 'Other' were not used.

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1988: V880033
1992: V923085
1996: V960092
2000: V000074
2002: V022027
===================================================================================================
VCF0071b	

Interviewer Race Full - Post

QUESTION:
---------
Post interviewer race - full

VALID CODES:
------------
1. White
2. Black
3. Native American
4. Asian
7. Other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA
0. no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
For some pre-post studies this also describes interviewers assigned to
post non-interviews.  For reasons of confidentiality, data are not
available for the full set of race codes after 2002 [see VCF0071d].
1988 NOTE:
Post data are not available.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1990: V900044
1992: V925038
1994: V940103
1996: V960957
1998: V980060
2000: V000189
2002: V024027
===================================================================================================
VCF0071c	

Interviewer Race 2-category - Pre

QUESTION:
---------
Pre interviewer race 2-category

VALID CODES:
------------
1. White
2. Nonwhite (2012-later: and other)
7. Other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; Web mode
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
For reasons of confidentiality, data are not available for the full set
of race codes after 2002.  For years prior to 2004, this is built from
VCF0071a.
2012 NOTE:
This question applies only to the in-person (FTF) sample.
In 2012, all mentions other than white are combined in code 2. In
previous years, code 2 represented specific mentions of Black,
Asian, Native American, Asian, or Pacific Islander/Native Hawaiian
and mentions outside of those specific categories were coded to 7.

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1988: V880033
1992: V923085
1996: V960092
2000: V000074
2002: V022027
2004: V042105
2008: V082254
2012: iwrdesc_pre_race_white, iwrdesc_pre_race_black, iwrdesc_pre_race_other
2016: V168262,V16866
===================================================================================================
VCF0071d	

Interviewer Race 2-category - Post

QUESTION:
---------
Post interviewer race 2-category

VALID CODES:
------------
1. White
2. Nonwhite (2012: and other)
7. Other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; Web mode
0. No Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
For some pre-post studies, this also describes interviewers assigned to
post non-interviews.  For reasons of confidentiality, data are not
available for the full set of race codes after 2002. For years prior to
2004, this is built from VCF0071b.
1988 NOTE:
Post data are not available.
2012 NOTE:
This question applies only to the in-person (FTF) sample.
In 2012, all mentions other than white are combined in code 2. In
previous years, code 2 represented specific mentions of Black,
Asian, Native American, Asian, or Pacific Islander/Native Hawaiian
and mentions outside of those specific categories were coded to 7.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1990: V900044
1992: V925038
1994: V940103
1996: V960957
1998: V980060
2000: V000189
2002: V024027
2004: V044105
2008: V084254
2012: iwrdesc_post_race_white, iwrdesc_post_race_black, iwrdesc_post_race_other
2016: V168312,V168316
===================================================================================================
VCF0072a	

Interviewer Ethnicity - Pre

QUESTION:
---------
Pre interviewer ethnicity

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Non-Hispanic
2. Hispanic
7. Other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; Web  mode
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Code 7 Other not used until 1992.
2012 NOTE:
This question applies only to the in-person (FTF) sample.

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1988: V880034
1992: V923086
1996: V960093
2000: V000075
2002: V022027a
2008: V082255
2012: iwrdesc_pre_hisp
2016: V168261
===================================================================================================
VCF0072b	

Interviewer Ethnicity - Post

QUESTION:
---------
Post interviewer ethnicity

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Non-Hispanic
2. Hispanic
7. Other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; Web mode
0. no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Code 7 Other not used until 1992.
2012 NOTE:
This question applies only to the in-person (FTF) sample.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1990: V900046
1992: V925039
1994: V940104
1996: V960958
1998: V980061
2000: V000190
2002: V024027a
2008: V084255
2012: iwrdesc_post_hisp
2016: V168311
===================================================================================================
VCF0101	

Respondent - Age

QUESTION:
---------
1964-1976: What is your date of birth?
1978-1982:  What is the month and year of your birth?
1984-LATER: What is the month, day and year of your birth?

VALID CODES:
------------
17-96. Age as coded (1992: 91=91 or older; 2012,2016: 90=90 or older)
97. 97 years old (1952, 1974, 1996 and later: or older)
98. 98 years old (1958-1962, 1966, 1968: or older)
99. 99 years old (1976-1990,1994,2002: or older)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
00. NA; DK; RF; no Pre IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Prior to 1964 this appeared as a coded staff summary (not as a survey
question).
Except for 1968, in Pre-Post studies this variable is pre-election.
Beginning in 1964, age variables in ANES Study datasets were created by
computing R's age from his/her given date of birth (beginning in 1988,
when birthdate was not available, age as given for household listing by
R/informant was used instead).  The age calculation used in these
Study datasets determined age at date of interview  in 1966, 1968,
1970, 1972 and 1980-1994; it represented age on November 1 of the year
of interview in 1976 and 1978.  In 1974, age on election day  of the
year of interview was calculated.  For 1964, no documentation is extant
describing exact calculation made.
Prior to 1964, instead of age calculated using R's birthdate, age
as given by R/informant (this information may have come from the
coversheet) is represented.
1948 NOTE:
Age var was in the form of age groups and could not be included (see
VCF0102).
1954 NOTE:
same as 1948.
1960 NOTE:
Personal data forms were completed for no-pre cases: data from these
forms were incorporated into the (pre) age var listed.
1992 NOTE:
Birthdate was not asked in short-form interviews:  for panel 'short-
form' cases, 2 years were added to the age that appeared in the 1990
study; for short-form 'fresh' cross-section cases, age was pulled from
the coversheet.
2002 NOTE:
For panel cases, 2 years were added to the age (if determined) that
appeared in the 2000 study.
2008 NOTE:
Age was calculated from year of birth.
2016 NOTE:
Age was calculated from year of birth.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520142
1956: V560295
1958: V580174
1960: V600122
1962: V620009
1964: V640187
1966: V660192
1968: V680533
1970: V700398(type 0)
1972: V720294
1974: V742406
1976: V763369
1978: V780504
1980: V800408
1982: V820535
1984: V840429
1986: V860595
1988: V880417
1990: V900552
1992: V923903
1994: V941203
1996: V960605
1998: V980572
2000: V000908
2002: V023126x
2004: V043250
2008: V083215x
2012: dem_age_r_x
2016: V161267
===================================================================================================
VCF0102	

Respondent - Age Group

QUESTION:
---------
1964-1976: What is your date of birth?
1978-1982:  What is the month and year of your birth?
1984-LATER: What is the month, day and year of your birth?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. 17 - 24
2. 25 - 34
3. 35 - 44
4. 45 - 54
5. 55 - 64
6. 65 - 74
7. 75 - 99 and over (except 1954)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; DK; RF; no Pre IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Built from VCF0101 (except 1948,1954).  See notes VCF0101.
1948 NOTE:
Code 6 from 1948  includes respondents 65 years and older (no code 7).
1954 NOTE:
same NOTE as 1948

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1948: V480047
1952: V520142
2016: V161267
===================================================================================================
VCF0103	

Respondent - Cohort

QUESTION:
---------
1964-1976: What is your date of birth?
1978-1982:  What is the month and year of your birth?
1984-LATER: What is the month, day and year of your birth?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. 1991 - present
2. 1975 - 1990
3. 1959 - 1974
4. 1943 - 1958
5. 1927 - 1942
6. 1911 - 1926
7. 1895 - 1910
8. Before 1895

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; DK; RF; no Pre IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Built from VCF0101 (except 1954) or from birth year when available.
See NOTEs VCF0101.
1948 NOTE:
The 1948 ANES age variable was present as age groups which do not allow
simple recoding.  An estimate was made to fit those codes into the
cohort categories.  The original age categories were:
   1948:  1.18-24; 2.25-34; 3.35-44; 4.45-54; 5.55-64; 6.65 and over.
The 1948 recode used was:  1=4, 2=5, 3-4=6, 5-6=7.
1954 NOTE:
The 1954 ANES age variable was present as age groups which do not allow
simple recoding.  An estimate was made to fit those codes into the
cohort categories.  The original age categories were:
   1954:  1.21-24; 2.25-34; 3.35-44; 4.45-54; 5.55-64; 6.over 65.
The 1954 recode used was:  1=4, 2-3=5, 4-5=6, 6=7.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
2016: V161267
===================================================================================================
VCF0104	

Respondent - Gender

QUESTION:
---------
Respondent gender

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Male
2. Female
3. Other (2016)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Pre IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
For pre-post studies, when a gender variable was present in both the
pre and post, the pre variable is represented here. Coded by
interviewer.
1960 NOTE:
1960 pre variable 118 incorporated data from post gender variable
V600248 to establish the gender of 22 no-pre cases.
2016 NOTE:
In 2016, for the first time gender of respondent was self-description by 
the respondent, and category Other was introduced.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1948: V480045
1952: V520128
1956: V560171
1958: V580170
1960: V600118
1962: V620098
1964: V640182
1966: V660236
1968: V680263
1970: V700390(type 0)
1972: V720424
1974: V742553
1976: V763512
1978: V780630
1980: V800720
1982: V820762
1984: V840707
1986: V860755
1988: V880413
1990: V900547
1992: V924201
1994: V941434
1996: V960066
1998: V980672
2000: V001029
2002: V023153
2004: V041109a
2008: V081101
2012: gender_respondent_x
2016: V161342
===================================================================================================
VCF0105a	

Race-ethnicity summary, 7 categories

QUESTION:
---------
1948,1952,1956-1970: Interviewer observation of Race.
 1972-1976: Interviewer observation of Race.
            In addition to being American, what do you
            consider your main ethnic group or nationality
            group?
 1978: Interviewer observation of Race.
       Interviewer observation: R of Hispanic origin.
       In addition to being American, is there another nationality or
       ethnic group that you feel you belong to?
       (IF YES:) What group is that?
 1980,1982,1984,1986: Interviewer observation of Race.
                      Interviewer observation: R of Hispanic origin.
                      In addition to being American, what do you
                      consider your main ethnic group or nationality
                      group?
 1988-1998: Interviewer observation of Race.
            In addition to being American, what do you consider your
            main ethnic group or nationality group?
            [IF HISPANIC ETHNIC GROUP NOT MENTIONED] Are you of Spanish
            or Hispanic origin or descent?
 2000-2008: What racial or ethnic group or groups best describes you?
            [MULTIPLE MENTIONS CODED BY IWR]
            In addition to being American, what do you consider your main
            ethnic group or nationality group?
            [IF HISPANIC ETHNIC GROUP NOT MENTIONED] Are you of Spanish
            or Hispanic origin or descent?
 2012,2016: Are you Spanish, Hispanic, or Latino?
            FTF ONLY: I am going to read you a list of five race categories.
            Please choose one or more races that you consider
            yourself to be: [MULTIPLE MENTIONS]: White / Black or
            African-American / American Indian or Alaska Native /
            Asian / Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander /
            Other.

VALID CODES:
------------
1. White non-Hispanic (1948-2012)
2. Black non-Hispanic (1948-2012)
3. Asian or Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic (1966-2012)
4. American Indian or Alaska Native non-Hispanic (1966-2012)
5. Hispanic (1966-2012)
6. Other or multiple races, non-Hispanic (1968-2012)
7. Non-white and non-black (1948-1964)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. Missing
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
This variable corresponds to the race-ethnicity summary variable
proposed with full documentation in the January 28, 2015 ANES Memo
'Plan to update race & ethnicity variables on the ANES CDF'.
Interviewer observation categories in 1948,1952,1956,1958,1960,1962,
1964 were: White; Negro; Other, including Mexicans, Puerto Ricans,
Asians (1948,1952: or Other); NA (EXC. 1960).
Interviewer observation categories for race in 1966,1968,1970,1972,
1974,1976 were: White; Negro ('Black' in 1974, 1976); Puerto Rican;
Mexican-American, Chicano ('Mexican' in �66, �68); Oriental; American
Indian; Other (EXC. 1966); NA
Interviewer observation categories fo race in 1978,1980,1982,1984,
1986,1988,1990,1992,1994,1996,1998 were: White; Black; American Indian
or Alaska Native; Asian or Pacific Islander; Other (not all years; does
not include Hispanics); NA
Interviewer codes for race in instrument 2000,2002,2004,2008: Black;
Asian; Native American; Hispanic or Latino (Hispanic in 2004); White ;
Other
The question asking nationality or ethnic group 1972-2008 was open-ended
and coded to ICPSR State-Country codes (1972-1976) or to the closely
parallel ANES Ethnicity/Nationality codes (1978-2008).

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1948: V480046
1952: V520129
1956: V560172
1958: V580171
1960: V600119
1962: V620097
1964: V640183
1966: V660237
1968: V680264
1970: V700391 (Type 0)
1972: V720406,V720425
1974: V742528,V742554
1976: V763489,V763513
1978: V780608,V780609,V780631,V780632
1980: V800695,V800696,V800721,V800722
1982: V820736,V820737,V820763,V820764
1984: V840689,V840690,V840708,V840709
1986: V860739,V860740,V860756,V860757
1988: V880412,V880534,V880535,V880540
1990: V900549,V900670,V900671,V900676
1992: V923011,V924116,V924117,V924122,V924202
1994: V941411,V941412,V941413,V941418,V941435
1996: V960067,V960703,V960704,V960708
1998: V980654,V980655,V980659,V980673
2000: V001006a,V001006b,V001006c,V001008,V001009,V001012
2002: V021001,V023150,V023151
2004: V043299,V043301a,V043301b,V043301c,V043305
2008: V083251a,V083251b,V083251c,V083251d,V083251e,V083252a,V083252b,V083252c,V083252d,V083256
2012: dem_racecps_asian,dem_racecps_black,dem_racecps_native,dem_racecps_othrace,dem_racecps_pacif,dem_racecps_racedkrf,dem_racecps_white
2016: V161310x
===================================================================================================
VCF0105b	

Race-ethnicity summary, 4 categories

QUESTION:
---------
1948,1952,1956-1970: Interviewer observation of Race.
 1972-1976: Interviewer observation of Race.
            In addition to being American, what do you
            consider your main ethnic group or nationality
            group?
 1978: Interviewer observation of Race.
       Interviewer observation: R of Hispanic origin.
       In addition to being American, is there another nationality or
       ethnic group that you feel you belong to?
       (IF YES:) What group is that?
 1980,1982,1984,1986: Interviewer observation of Race.
                      Interviewer observation: R of Hispanic origin.
                      In addition to being American, what do you
                      consider your main ethnic group or nationality
                      group?
 1988-1998: Interviewer observation of Race.
            In addition to being American, what do you consider your
            main ethnic group or nationality group?
            [IF HISPANIC ETHNIC GROUP NOT MENTIONED] Are you of Spanish
            or Hispanic origin or descent?
 2000-2008: What racial or ethnic group or groups best describes you?
            [MULTIPLE MENTIONS CODED BY IWR]
            In addition to being American, what do you consider your main
            ethnic group or nationality group?
            [IF HISPANIC ETHNIC GROUP NOT MENTIONED] Are you of Spanish
            or Hispanic origin or descent?
 2012,2016: Are you Spanish, Hispanic, or Latino?
            FTF ONLY: I am going to read you a list of five race categories.
            Please choose one or more races that you consider
            yourself to be: [MULTIPLE MENTIONS]: White / Black or
            African-American / American Indian or Alaska Native /
            Asian / Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander /
            Other.

VALID CODES:
------------
1. White non-Hispanic
2. Black non-Hispanic
3. Hispanic
4. Other or multiple races, non-Hispanic

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. Missing, DK/REF/NA
0. Missing, pre-1966 data
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from VCF0105a: 1=1,2=2,3=4,4=4,5=3,6=4,7=0,9=9.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1948: V480046
1952: V520129
1956: V560172
1958: V580171
1960: V600119
1962: V620097
1964: V640183
1966: V660237
1968: V680264
1970: V700391 (Type 0)
1972: V720406,V720425
1974: V742528,V742554
1976: V763489,V763513
1978: V780608,V780609,V780631,V780632
1980: V800695,V800696,V800721,V800722
1982: V820736,V820737,V820763,V820764
1984: V840689,V840690,V840708,V840709
1986: V860739,V860740,V860756,V860757
1988: V880412,V880534,V880535,V880540
1990: V900549,V900670,V900671,V900676
1992: V923011,V924116,V924117,V924122,V924202
1994: V941411,V941412,V941413,V941418,V941435
1996: V960067,V960703,V960704,V960708
1998: V980654,V980655,V980659,V980673
2000: V001006a,V001006b,V001006c,V001008,V001009,V001012
2002: V021001,V023150,V023151
2004: V043299,V043301a,V043301b,V043301c,V043305
2008: V083251a,V083251b,V083251c,V083251d,V083251e,V083252a,V083252b,V083252c,V083252d,V083256
2012: dem_racecps_asian,dem_racecps_black,dem_racecps_native,dem_racecps_othrace,dem_racecps_pacif,dem_racecps_racedkrf,dem_racecps_white
2016: V161310x
===================================================================================================
VCF0106	

Race summary, 3 categories

QUESTION:
---------
1948,1952,1956-1970: Interviewer observation of Race.
 1972-1976: Interviewer observation of Race.
            In addition to being American, what do you
            consider your main ethnic group or nationality
            group?
 1978: Interviewer observation of Race.
       Interviewer observation: R of Hispanic origin.
       In addition to being American, is there another nationality or
       ethnic group that you feel you belong to?
       (IF YES:) What group is that?
 1980,1982,1984,1986: Interviewer observation of Race.
                      Interviewer observation: R of Hispanic origin.
                      In addition to being American, what do you
                      consider your main ethnic group or nationality
                      group?
 1988-1998: Interviewer observation of Race.
            In addition to being American, what do you consider your
            main ethnic group or nationality group?
            [IF HISPANIC ETHNIC GROUP NOT MENTIONED] Are you of Spanish
            or Hispanic origin or descent?
 2000-2008: What racial or ethnic group or groups best describes you?
            [MULTIPLE MENTIONS CODED BY IWR]
            In addition to being American, what do you consider your main
            ethnic group or nationality group?
            [IF HISPANIC ETHNIC GROUP NOT MENTIONED] Are you of Spanish
            or Hispanic origin or descent?
 2012: FTF ONLY: I am going to read you a list of five race categories.
       FTF AND WEB: Please choose one or more races that you consider
                    yourself to be: [MULTIPLE MENTIONS]: White / Black or
                    African-American / American Indian or Alaska Native /
                    Asian / Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander /
                    Other.
                    Are you Spanish, Hispanic, or Latino?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. White non-Hispanic
2. Black non-Hispanic
3. Other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. Missing, DK/REF/NA
0. Missing, pre-1966 data
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from VCF0105a: 1=1,2=2,3=3,4=3,5=3,6=3,7=0,9=9.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1948: V480046
1952: V520129
1956: V560172
1958: V580171
1960: V600119
1962: V620097
1964: V640183
1966: V660237
1968: V680264
1970: V700391 (Type 0)
1972: V720406,V720425
1974: V742528,V742554
1976: V763489,V763513
1978: V780608,V780609,V780631,V780632
1980: V800695,V800696,V800721,V800722
1982: V820736,V820737,V820763,V820764
1984: V840689,V840690,V840708,V840709
1986: V860739,V860740,V860756,V860757
1988: V880412,V880534,V880535,V880540
1990: V900549,V900670,V900671,V900676
1992: V923011,V924116,V924117,V924122,V924202
1994: V941411,V941412,V941413,V941418,V941435
1996: V960067,V960703,V960704,V960708
1998: V980654,V980655,V980659,V980673
2000: V001006a,V001006b,V001006c,V001008,V001009,V001012
2002: V021001,V023150,V023151
2004: V043299,V043301a,V043301b,V043301c,V043305
2008: V083251a,V083251b,V083251c,V083251d,V083251e,V083252a,V083252b,V083252c,V083252d,V083256
2012: dem_racecps_asian,dem_racecps_black,dem_racecps_native,dem_racecps_othrace,dem_racecps_pacif,dem_racecps_racedkrf,dem_racecps_white
2016: V161310x
===================================================================================================
VCF0107	

Respondent - Hispanic Origin Type

QUESTION:
---------
1988-2008: 
In addition to being American, what do you consider
your main ethnic group or nationality group?  (IF NO HISPANIC GROUP
MENTIONED:)  Are you of Spanish or Hispanic origin or descent?
IF YES:)  Please look at the booklet and tell me which category best
describes your Hispanic origin.
2012: 
Are you Spanish, Hispanic, or Latino? (IF YES:) Are you Mexican, 
Mexican-American, Chicano, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Cuban-American, or 
some other Spanish, Hispanic, or Latino group? (IF 'OTHER' FOR ANY 
MENTION:) What is the name of your other Spanish, Hispanic, or Latino 
group? (IF MORE THAN 1 MENTION:) Which group do you most closely 
identify with?
2016:
Families of Hispanic or Latino background in the United States come 
from many different places. Which Spanish-speaking or Latin American 
country or territory does most of your family come from? (IF MORE
THAN 1 MENTION:) You said your family comes from ______. Which one 
of these does most of your family come from?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes, Mexican/Mexican-American/Chicano
2. Yes, Puerto Rican
3. Yes, other Hispanic
4. Yes, Hispanic but DK/NA type 
7. No, not Hispanic

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK if Hispanic
9. NA if Hispanic
0. Short-form 'new' Cross Section (1992)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See also VCF0108.
Respondent booklet is shown to R (exc. 2000 telephone and 2002:) .
Beginning in 1988, the respondent was asked within the series of
ethnicity questions [SEE VCF0109] whether s/he is Hispanic.  Prior to
1988, information about Hispanic origin was determined only by
interviewer observation.
1978 NOTE:
A large number (171) of NAs appeared in the Study data.
1980 NOTE:
A Hispanic origin variable was present in both the pre and post.  The
pre version is represented here.
1984 NOTE:
same as 1980
1992 NOTE:
This was not part of the 'short-form' questionnaire; for short-form
panel cases, however, 1990 study data were incorporated.
1994 NOTE:
For panel cases, 1992 data were incorporated.
2002 NOTE:
For panel cases, 2000 data were incorporated.
2004 NOTE:
A question on Hispanic identity of household members was also
administered as part of the screener (household listing).  Data for
the screener identification of Hispanic status are found separately
in the 2008 Time Series study data; screener Hispanic status was
used in the construction of the 2008 study weights.
2012 NOTE:
Respondents are coded 1 or 2 if they gave one mention as Mexican/
Mexican-American/Chicano or as Puerto Rican, or else if they gave
multiple mentions but identified their closest group as one of those.
2016 NOTE:
Respondents are coded 1 or 2 if they gave one mention for country 
of origin as Mexico or Puerto Rico, or else if they gave more than
one mention for country of origin but identified Mexico or Puerto
Rico as the country from which 'most' of their family came. Respondents
who gave more than one mention but who did not choose Mexico or
Puerto Rico as the country from which most of their family came 
are coded 3. Respondents who identified themselves as Hispanic 
but who did not mention any country other than U.S.A. are coded 4.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780632
1980: V800722
1982: V820764
1984: V840709
1986: V860757
1988: V880540,V880541
1990: V900676,V900677
1992: V924122,V924123
1994: V941418,V941419
1996: V960708,V960709
1998: V980659,V980660
2000: V001012,V001013
2002: V023152
2004: V043306
2008: V083255,V083256,V083256a
2012: dem_hisp,dem_hispmost,dem_hisptyp_mex,dem_hisptyp_mexam,dem_hisptyp_chicano,dem_hisptyp_puertorican,dem_hisptyp_dkrf
2016: V161319x
===================================================================================================
VCF0108	

Respondent - Hispanic Origin

QUESTION:
---------
1988 AND LATER:  In addition to being American, what do you consider
your main ethnic group or nationality group?  (IF NO HISPANIC GROUP
MENTIONED:)  Are you of Spanish or Hispanic origin or descent?
IF YES:)  Please look at the booklet and tell me which category best
describes your Hispanic origin.
2012,2016: Are you Spanish, Hispanic, or Latino?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes, R is Hispanic
2. No, R is not Hispanic

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA
0. Short-form 'new' Cross Section (1992)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from VCF0107.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780632
1980: V800722
1982: V820764
1984: V840709
1986: V860757
1988: V880540,V880541
1990: V900676,V900677
1992: V924122,V924123
1994: V941418,V941419
1996: V960708,V960709
1998: V980659,V980660
2000: V001012,V001013
2002: V023151
2004: V043305,V043306
2008: V083255,V083256,V083256a
2012: dem_hisp
2016: V161309
===================================================================================================
VCF0109	

Respondent - Ethnicity

QUESTION:
---------
In addition to being an American what do you consider your main
ethnic group or nationality group?
(IF MORE THAN 1 GROUP MENTIONED: ) With which of these groups do you
most closely identify?

VALID CODES:
------------
010-874. Ethnicity as coded

MISSING CODES:
--------------
877.'American'; 'Just American'; none; neither
     (response to 'choice' question); NA
888. DK
000. Short-form 'new' Cross Section (1992)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See ethnicicty codes- Appendix 'ETHNICITY'
This represents the single mention of respondents who indicated only
1 ethnic group and the 'most close' group (followup question) of
respondents who indicated more than 1 ethnic group.
There is no code to single out Rs who volunteered to assert their
'American' identity.  This is because in most years these Rs were
combined with NA and/or 'none' (no ethnic identity).
1978 NOTE:
A version of this question which included a (filter) lead-in was used:
'In addition to being an American, is there another nationality group
or ethnic group that you feel you belong to?   [IF YES]  What...'
Because of this format, the 1978 distributions varied dramatically from
other years, and 1978 data have not been included.
1992 NOTE:
This was not part of the 'short-form' questionnaire; for short-form
panel cases, however, 1990 study data were incorporated.
1994 NOTE:
For panel cases, 1992 data were incorporated.
1996 NOTE:
In a few cases R identified 2 or more nationality/ethnicity groups but
the interviewer did not ask the 'choice' followup (due to incorrect
completion of the IWR checkpoint); since R's chosen nationality/
ethnicity remained undetermined, these cases (30) were considered
missing data (code 99 here).
2004 NOTE:
For respondents who gave multiple mentions but did not choose one
ethnic group as closest, 1st mention is coded.
2008 NOTE:
For respondents who gave multiple mentions but did not choose one
ethnic group as closest, 1st mention is coded.
2012 NOTE:
Beginning with 2012, data for this question have been considered 
confidential.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720406
1974: V742528
1976: V763489
1980: V800695,V800696,V800697
1982: V820739
1984: V840692
1986: V860742
1988: V880537
1990: V900673
1992: V924116,V924119
1994: V941415
1996: V960706
1998: V980657
2000: V001008
2004: V043303x
2008: V083254x
===================================================================================================
VCF0110	

Respondent - Education 4-category

QUESTION:
---------
1952-1972:  How many grades of school did you finish?
 1974,1976:  What is highest grade of school or year of college
 you have completed? Did you get a high school diploma or pass a high
 school equivalency test? Do you have a college degree? (IF YES:) What
 degree is that?
 1978-1984: What is highest grade of school or year of college
 you have completed? Did you get a high school diploma or pass a high
 school equivalency test? Do you have a college degree? (IF YES:) What
 is the highest degree that you have earned?
 1986-2008: What is highest grade of school or year of college
 you have completed? Did you get a high school diploma or pass a high
 school equivalency test? What is the highest degree that you have
 earned?
 2012: What is the highest level of school you have completed or the
 highest degree you have received?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Grade school or less (0-8 grades)
2. High school (12 grades or fewer, incl. non-college training if applicable)
3. Some college (13 grades or more but no degree;
     1948 ONLY: college, no identification of degree status)
4. College or advanced degree (no cases 1948)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. DK; NA; no Pre IW; short-form 'new' Cross Section
    (1992)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See also VCF0140.
Code 4 includes 1 case in 1968, 2 cases in 1976 and 4 cases in 1974
which were designated by respondents as 'honorary degrees.'
Uncodeable Other mentions are included I missing data.
1948 NOTE 1:
Question wording is undocumented.
1948 NOTE 2:
No distinction was made between Rs holding college degrees and those
who attended college but did not receive a degree. All cases coded
'college' in 1948 are coded 3 -- there are no cases coded 4 for 1948.
1960 NOTE:
Personal data forms were completed for no-pre cases:  data from these
forms were incorporated.
1992 NOTE:
This was not part of the 'short-form' questionnaire; for short-form
panel cases, however, 1990 study data were incorporated.
1994 NOTE:
For panel cases, 1992 data were incorporated.
2002 NOTE:
For panel cases, 2000 data were incorporated.
2004 NOTE:
1 respondent who did not indicate highest grade, but who indicated
no high school diploma, has been coded 2.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1948: V480048
1952: V520131
1956: V560181
1958: V580180
1960: V600128
1962: V620078
1964: V640196
1966: V660197
1968: V680156
1970: V700269(type 0)
1972: V720300
1974: V742418
1976: V763389
1978: V780513
1980: V800436
1982: V820542
1984: V840438
1986: V860602
1988: V880422
1990: V900557
1992: V923905,V923908
1994: V941206,V941209
1996: V960607,V960610
1998: V980577
2000: V000913
2002: V023131
2004: V043254
2008: V083218x
2012: dem_edu
2016: V161270
===================================================================================================
VCF0111	

Urbanism

QUESTION:
---------
Urbanism

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Central cities
2. Suburban areas
3. Rural, small towns, outlying and adjacent areas

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; telephone (RDD) sample (2000)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See 'URBANISM NOTE' appendix.
This represents R's sampling address. Data are not available after 2000.
1948 NOTE:
Urbanism variable was not comparable.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520007
1956: V560004
1958: V580005
1960: V600006
1962: V620003
1964: V640006
1966: V660006
1968: V680008
1970: V700027(type 0)
1972: V720012
1974: V742017
1976: V763018
1978: V780026
1980: V800021
1982: V820025
1984: V840019
1986: V860031
1988: V880022
1990: V900023
1992: V923067
1994: V940059
1996: V960118
1998: V980099
2000: V000093
===================================================================================================
VCF0112	

Census Region

QUESTION:
---------
Region - U.S. Census

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Northeast (CT, ME, MA, NH, NJ, NY, PA, RI, VT)
2. North Central (IL, IN, IA, KS, MI, MN, MO, NE, ND, OH, SD, WI)
3. South (AL, AR, DE, D.C., FL, GA, KY, LA, MD, MS, NC, OK, SC,TN, TX, VA, WV)
4. West (AK, AZ, CA, CO, HI, ID, MT, NV, NM, OR, UT, WA, WY)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA (1948)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
This variable represents the region codes of the U.S. Census.
1952 NOTE:
No state variable was present, however this was recoded from sampling
location information.
1962 NOTE:
same as 1952.
1954 NOTE:
No state variable was present and no other location information was
available; this has been coded from a non-Census version region
variable comprised of categories containing unspecified states:
1. Northeast;  2. Midwest 3. South; 4. Far West.
1994 NOTE:
For panel respondents who moved between study years, region corresponds
to the place where R was intereviewed for the latest study.
1996 NOTE:
same as 1994

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520005
1956: V560007
1958: V580009
1960: V600010
1962: V620003
1964: V640012
1966: V660010
1968: V680014
1970: V700018(type 0)
1972: V720004
1974: V742005
1976: V763005
1978: V780012
1980: V800023
1982: V820014
1984: V840009
1986: V860025
1988: V880008
1990: V900008
1992: V923014
1994: V940011
1996: V960115
1998: V980098
2000: V000092
2002: V021203
2004: V041204a
2008: V081204
2012: sample_region
2016: V163001b
===================================================================================================
VCF0113	

Political South/Nonsouth

QUESTION:
---------
Region - political south

VALID CODES:
------------
1. South
2. Nonsouth

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
This var identifies the 11 secession states: Alabama, Arkansas,
Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South
Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia.  These states cannot be
identified for 1954.
This identification of 'south' does NOT conform to the definition
used in VCF0112 (Census-defined region).

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520005
1956: V560007
1958: V580009
1960: V600010
1962: V620003
1964: V640012
1966: V660010
1968: V680013
1970: V700019(type 0)
1972: V720005
1974: V742006
1976: V763006
1978: V780014
1980: V800023
1982: V820014
1984: V840009
1986: V860025
1988: V880008
1990: V900008
1992: V923014
1994: V940011
1996: V960108
1998: V980086
2000: V000092
2002: V021201
2004: V041204a
2008: V081201b
2012: sample_state
2016: V163001b
===================================================================================================
VCF0114	

Respondent Family - Income Group

QUESTION:
---------
1952,1956-1960: 
 About what do you think your total income will be this year for yourself
 and your immediate family?
 1962:
 Would you tell me how much income you and your family will be making
 during this calendar year, 1962.  I mean, before taxes.
 1964,1968:
 About what do you think your total income will be this year for yourself
 and your immediate family.  Just give me the number/ letter) of the
 right income category.
 1966,1970:
 Many people don't know their exact (1966/1970) income yet; but would you
 tell me as best you can what you expect your (1966/1970) income to be--
 before taxes?  You may just tell me the letter of the group on this card
 into which your family income will probably fall.
 1972-1990, 1992 LONG-FORM,1994-2008 EXC. 2000 TELEPHONE:
 Please look at this card/page (2000 FTF: the booklet) and tell me the
 letter of the income group that includes the income of all members of
 your family living here in [previous year] before taxes.  This figure
 should include salaries, wages, pensions, dividends, interest, and all
 other income.  (IF UNCERTAIN:)  What would be your best guess?
 1992 SHORT FORM:
 Can you give us an estimate of your total family income in 1991 before
 taxes?  This figure should include salaries, wages, pensions, dividends,
 interest and all other income for every member of your family living in
 your house in 1991.  First could you tell me if that was above or below
 $24,999? (IF UNCERTAIN: what would be your best guess?) (IF ABOVE/BELOW
 $24,999:) I will read you some income categories, could you please stop
 me when I reach the category that corresponds to your family situation?
 2000 TELEPHONE:
 I am going to read you a list of income categories. Please tell me which
 category best describes the.total income of all members of your family
 living in your house in 1999 before taxes.  This figure should include
 salaries, wages, pensions, dividends, interest, and all other income.
 Please stop me when I get to your family's income.
 2012:
 Information about income is very important to understand how people are
 doing financially these days. Your answers are confidential. Would you
 please give your best guess?
 The next question is about [the total income of all the members of your
 family living here / your total income] in 2011, before taxes.
 This figure should include income from all sources, including salaries,
 wages, pensions, Social Security, dividends, interest, and all other
 income. What was [the total income in 2011 of all your family members
 living here / your total income in 2011]?
 (IF DK/RF:) Was it $40,000 or more, or less than that?
 (IF LESS THAN 40,000:) Was it $20,000 or more, or less than that?
 (IF LESS THAN 40,000 AND LESS THAN 20,000:) Please mark the answer that
 includes the income of all members of your family living here in 2011
 before taxes.
 (IF LESS THAN 40,000 BUT MORE THAN 20,000:) Please mark the answer
 that includes the income of all members of your family living here
 in 2011 before taxes.
 (IF MORE THAN 40,000:) Was it $70,000 or more, or less than that?
 (IF MORE THAN 40,000 BUT LESS THAN 70,000:) Please mark the answer
 that includes the income of all members  of your family living here
 in 2011 before taxes.
 (IF MORE THAN 40,000 AND MORE THAN 70,000:) Was it $100,000 or more,
 or less than that?
 (IF MORE THAN 40,000, MORE THAN 70,000, BUT LESS THAN 100,000:)
 Please mark the answer that includes the income of all members
 of your family living here in 2011 before taxes.
 (IF MORE THAN 40,000, MORE THAN 70,000 AND MORE THAN 100,000:)
 Please mark the answer that includes the income of all members
 of your family living here in 2011 before taxes.

VALID CODES:
------------
1. 0 to 16 percentile
2. 17 to 33 percentile
3. 34 to 67 percentile
4. 68 to 95 percentile
5. 96 to 100 percentile

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. DK; NA; refused to answer; no Pre IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix 'INCOME' for income ranges corresponding to these
percentiles.
Study coding of income was approximated as closely as possible to fit
within this version.  Prior to 1972, this was an estimate of CURRENT
year's income; since 1972, PREVIOUS year's income.  NOTE that in all
years beginning 1976 this question was not actually asked if R was the
only household member age 14 or over: in such cases, data from the
question asking R's own income was duplicated. (Prior to 1976 R's
own income was not determined.)
Beginning in 1964, R was shown a respondent card or booklet.
1948 NOTE:
Question wording was undocumented.
1960 NOTE:
Personal data forms were completed for no-pre cases: data from
these forms were incorporated.
1996 NOTE:
For 14 cases, interviewers entered responses where individual income
was higher than family income.  In some of these cases, the responses
for family income and R income may have been provided.entered in
incorrect order.
1998 NOTE:
Some interviewers coded lowest income category when the respondent
stated that he or she did not know what the household income was.
Study staff has reviewed all interviewer comment material available to
identify cases coded in the lowest category where comment NOTEs clearly
indicate Don't Know; such cases have been recoded to DK.  However, it
is not known whether there are additional DK cases (without recorded
comments) for which lowest category had been incorrectly coded.
2002 NOTE:
Income categories were too broad for approximation here.
2012 NOTE:
Income range was included in the public release. Percentile group
represents full (combined) 2012 sample, including both in-person
(FTF) and Web respondents.
2016 NOTE:
Same as 2012.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1948: V480049
1952: V520160
1956: V560190
1958: V580203
1960: V600189
1962: V620075
1964: V640269
1966: V660235
1968: V680261
1970: V700388(type 0)
1972: V720420
1974: V742549
1976: V763507
1978: V780598
1980: V800686
1982: V820725
1984: V840680
1986: V860733
1988: V880520
1990: V900663
1992: V924104
1994: V941404
1996: V960701
1998: V980652
2000: V000994
2004: V043293x
2008: V083248x
2012: incgroup_prepost_x
2016: V161361x,V162309x
===================================================================================================
VCF0115	

Respondent - Occupation Group 6-category

QUESTION:
---------
1952-1964: 
What is your occupation.  I mean, what kind of work do you do? (IF NOT
CLEAR OR OBVIOUS [1958,1960,1964 only]:) What exactly do you do on your
job? (IF NOT ASCERTAINED:) What kind of business is that?  (IF R IS
UNEMPLOYED:) What kind of work do you usually do?  (IF R IS RETIRED:)
What kind of work did you do before you retired?
1968-1970:
(IF EMPLOYED OR ON STRIKE:)  What kind of work do you do? [What exactly
do you do on your job?]  (IF UNEMPLOYED OR RETIRED:) What kind of work
did you do when you were employed? [What exactly did you do on your job?]
1972-1982:
(IF R IS WORKING NOW OR IS TEMPORARILY LAID OFF:)  What is your main
occupation [What sort of work do you do? Tell me a little more about
what you do.]  (IF R IS UNEMPLOYED:) What kind of work did you do on
your last regular job [What was your occupation?]   (IF R IS RETIRED OR
DISABLED:) What kind of work did you do when you worked [What was your
main occupation?]
1984 AND LATER:
(IF R IS WORKING NOW OR IS TEMPORARILY LAID OFF:) What is your main
occupation [What sort of work do you do?]  What are your most important
activities or duties?  (IF R IS RETIRED/UNEMPLOYED /DISABLED:) What kind
of work did you do on your last regular job [What was your occupation?]
What were your most important activities or duties?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Professional and managerial
2. Clerical and sales workers
3. Skilled, semi-skilled and service workers
4. Laborers, except farm
5. Farmers, farm managers, farm laborers and foremen; forestry and fishermen
6. Homemakers (1972-1992: 7 IN VCF0116, 4 in VCF0118; 1952-1970: 4 in VCF0118)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; member of armed forces; no occupation and not a homemaker; no Pre IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix OCCUPATION notes.
This represents current employment of respondents defined as 'working
now', and represents past employment of respondents defined as retired,
unemployed, or disabled; respondents defined as homemakers are coded 6,
and respondents defined as students are coded 0.
Exclusion: in studies 1966-later, additional occupation data were
available for Rs considered 'students' and 'housewives' (either
nonworking [past/recent employment] or currently working some hours
[1966-1970: any number of hours; 1972 and later: less than 20 hours per
week], but corresponding occupation data were not available at all in
the 1952,1956,1958,1960 or 1964 studies, and VCF0115 excludes the
occupation of this additional set of (1966-later) respondents:  VCF0151
includes such additional data.
2002 NOTE:
Respondent occupation was not determined.
2008-LATER NOTE:
Revised master codes are not comparable to preceding years for 
collapse into these categories.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520132,V520134
1956: V560120,V560123
1958: V580181,V580184
1960: V600129,V600132
1964: V640202,V640205
1968: V680161
1970: V700275,V700276(type 0)
1972: V720306,V720309
1974: V742443,V742446
1976: V763409,V763412
1978: V780531,V780534
1980: V800454,V800455,V800471,V800486
1982: V820556,V820557,V820572
1984: V840456,V840504,V840516
1986: V860614,V860664
1988: V880428,V880466
1990: V900565,V900603
1992: V923914,V923955
1994: V941215,V941216
1996: V960615,V960676
1998: V980579,V980639
2000: V000919,V000980
2004: V043262p
===================================================================================================
VCF0116	

Respondent - Work Status 7-category

QUESTION:
---------
1972-1978: 
(1972: We'd like to know if you are looking for work, working now) (1974-
1978: We'd like to know if you are working now, or are you unemployed,)
retired, (a housewife) a (student), or what?  (IF HOMEMAKER OR STUDENT)
Are you doing any work for pay at the present time? (IF R IS HOMEMAKER
OR STUDENT AND R IS WORKING FOR PAY:) About how many hours do you work
on  your job in the average week?
1980 AND LATER EXC. 2002 FRESH CROSS:
We'd like to know if you are working now, temporarily laid off, or are
you unemployed, retired, permanently disabled, (a homemaker), (a
student), or what? (STUDENT OR HOMEMAKER:) Are you doing any work for
pay at the present time?  (RETIRED 1980,1982, 1988 AND LATER:) Are you
doing any work for pay at the present time? (DISABLED 1982,1988 AND
LATER:) Are you doing any work for pay at the present time? (STUDENT OR
HOMEMAKER:) About how many hours do you work on your job in the average
week? (RETIRED AND ANSWERED WORKING FOR PAY 1980:) In an average week do
you work 20 or more hours on that job? (RETIRED OR DISABLED, AND R
ANSWERED WORKING FOR PAY 1982,1988 AND LATER:) About how many hours do
you work on your job in the average week? (RETIRED OR DISABLED AND R
VOLUNTEERED WORKING FOR PAY 1984,1986:) About how many hours do you work
on your job in the average week?
2002 FRESH CROSS:
We'd like to know if you are working now, or are you unemployed,
retired, a homemaker, (a student), or what? (MULTIPLE RESPONSES)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Working now
2. Temporarily laid off
4. Unemployed
5. Retired
6. Permanently disabled
7. Homemaker
8. Student

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; DK
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix NOTE 'WORK STATUS'.
See also VCF0118,VCF0150.
For all years except 2002, this is occupation status after the
respondent has first self-identified in one or more occupation
categories and then answered other employment questions related to work
history, number of work hours etc.; for these years, it may be that
coding here differs from R's initial self-identification(s).
2002 NOTE:
2000 data have been incorporated for panel cases.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720306
1974: V742443
1976: V763409
1978: V780531
1980: V800515
1982: V820610
1984: V840457
1986: V860615
1988: V880429
1990: V900566
1992: V923915
1994: V941216
1996: V960676
1998: V980579a
2000: V000920
2002: V023132x
2004: V043260b
2008: V083222a
2012: dem_empstatus_1digitfin_x
2016: V161276x
===================================================================================================
VCF0117	

Head of HH - Work Status 7-category 1948-1986

QUESTION:
---------
1948: What is [head's] occupation, I mean, what kind of work does
head) do?
1972-1978:
We'd also like to know about the head of the family. Is (he/she) working
now, looking for work, retired,(a housewife), (a student), or what?
(HOMEMAKER OR STUDENT) Are you doing any work for pay at the present
time? (HOMEMAKER OR STUDENT, AND R IS WORKING FOR PAY:) About how many
hours do you work on  your job in the average week?
1980-1986:
We'd like to know if he/she is working now, temporarily laid off, or is
he/she unemployed, retired, permanently disabled, (a homemaker), (a
student), or what? (STUDENT OR HOMEMAKER:) Is he/she doing any work for
pay at the present time?  (RETIRED 1980,1982) Is he/she doing any work
for pay at the present time? (DISABLED 1982) Is he/she doing any work
for pay at the present time? (STUDENT OR HOMEMAKER:) About how many
hours does he/she work on his/her job in the average week? (RETIRED AND
ANSWERED WORKING FOR PAY 1980:) In an average week does he/she work 20
or more hours on that job? (RETIRED OR DISABLED, AND R ANSWERED WORKING
FOR PAY 1982:) About how many hours does he/she work on your job in the
average week? (RETIRED OR DISABLED, AND R VOLUNTEERED WORKING FOR PAY
1984,1986:) About how many hours does he/she work on your job in the
average week?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Working now
2. Temporarily laid off
4. Unemployed (1972 adds 'looking for work.')
5. Retired
6. Permanently disabled
7. Housewife (not working at least 20 hrs. per wk.)
8. Student (not working at least 20 hrs. per wk.)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; DK
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix NOTE 'WORK STATUS'.
After 1986, the concept of 'Head of Household' was discontinued.
1948 NOTE:
Constructed from the variable for occupation of Head.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1948: V480029
1972: V720329
1974: V742466
1976: V763431
1978: V780553
1980: V800592
1982: V820666
1984: V840531
1986: V860676
===================================================================================================
VCF0118	

Respondent - Work Status 5-category

QUESTION:
---------
1968-1970: 
Are you presently employed, or are you unemployed, or retired, (a
housewife), (a student), or what?
1972-1978:
(1972: We'd like to know if you are looking for work, working now) (1974-
1978: We'd like to know if you are working now, or are you unemployed,)
retired, (a housewife) a (student), or what?  (IF HOMEMAKER OR STUDENT)
Are you doing any work for pay at the present time? (IF R IS HOMEMAKER
OR STUDENT AND R IS WORKING FOR PAY:) About how many hours do you work
on  your job in the average week?
1980 AND LATER EXC. 2002 FRESH CROSS:
We'd like to know if you are working now, temporarily laid off, or are
you unemployed, retired, permanently disabled, (a homemaker), (a
student), or what? (STUDENT OR HOMEMAKER:) Are you doing any work for
pay at the present time?  (RETIRED 1980,1982, 1988 AND LATER:) Are you
doing any work for pay at the present time? (DISABLED 1982,1988 AND
LATER:) Are you doing any work for pay at the present time? (STUDENT OR
HOMEMAKER:) About how many hours do you work on your job in the average
week? (RETIRED AND ANSWERED WORKING FOR PAY 1980:) In an average week do
you work 20 or more hours on that job? (RETIRED OR DISABLED, AND R
ANSWERED WORKING FOR PAY 1982,1988 AND LATER:) About how many hours do
you work on your job in the average week? (RETIRED OR DISABLED AND R
VOLUNTEERED WORKING FOR PAY 1984,1986:) About how many hours do you work
on your job in the average week?
2002 FRESH CROSS:
We'd like to know if you are working now, or are you unemployed,
retired, a homemaker, (a student), or what? (MULTIPLE RESPONSES)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Employed
2. Not employed:  laid off, unemployed, on strike, permanently disabled, other 
     (exc.: retired, student, housewife)
3. Retired
4. Homemaker  (since 1972: not working 20 or more hrs/wk; 1968-1970: if 
     identifies self as 'housewife;'  1956-1964: not working at all;  
     1952: not working full time)
5. Student (since 1972:  not working 20 or more hrs/wk; 1970:if identifies 
     self as 'student;' 1968: if identifies self as student--unless working 
     full time days [coded 'employed']; 1956-1964: full or part time day student, 
     working or not; 1952: not employed full time)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. DK; NA; no Pre IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix NOTE 'WORK STATUS'.
See also VCF0116,VCF0150.
No direct question asking R about his/her work status was used prior
to 1968.  Instead, R was asked what his/her occupation was, and codes
for 'student,' 'retired,' 'housewife,' 'unemployed' etc. appeared
within the occupation codes from which this variable has been
recoded. For years prior to 1972, this is respondent self-
identification (exceptions described in the appendix for cases where R
described self as working student or homemaker).
For years 1972 and later except 2002 fresh cross, this is occupation
status after the respondent has first self-identified in one or more
occupation categories and then has answered other employment questions
related to work history, number of  work hours etc.; for these years,
it may be that coding here differs from R's initial self-
identification(s).

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520132
1956: V560120
1958: V580181
1960: V600129
1964: V640202
1968: V680160
1970: V700275(type 0)
1972: V720306
1974: V742443
1976: V763409
1978: V780531
1980: V800515
1982: V820610
1984: V840457
1986: V860615
1988: V880429
1990: V900565
1992: V923915
1994: V941216
1996: V960616
1998: V980579a
2000: V000920
2002: V023132x
2004: V043260b
2008: V083222x
2012: dem_empstatus_1digitfin_x
2016: V161276x
===================================================================================================
VCF0119	

Head of HH - Work Status 5-category 1952-1986

QUESTION:
---------
1968,1970: 
Is (the head) presently employed, or is (he/she) unemployed, retired, (a
hosuewife), (a student), or what?
1972-1978:
We'd also like to know about the head of the family. Is (he/she) working
now, looking for work, retired,(a housewife), (a student), or what?
(HOMEMAKER OR STUDENT) Are you doing any work for pay at the present
time? (HOMEMAKER OR STUDENT, AND R IS WORKING FOR PAY:) About how many
hours do you work on  your job in the average week?
1980-1986:
We'd like to know if he/she is working now, temporarily laid off, or is
he/she unemployed, retired, permanently disabled, (a homemaker), (a
student), or what? (STUDENT OR HOMEMAKER:) Is he/she doing any work for
pay at the present time?  (RETIRED 1980,1982) Is he/she doing any work
for pay at the present time? (DISABLED 1982) Is he/she doing any work
for pay at the present time? (STUDENT OR HOMEMAKER:) About how many
hours does he/she work on his/her job in the average week? (RETIRED AND
ANSWERED WORKING FOR PAY 1980:) In an average week does he/she work 20
or more hours on that job? (RETIRED OR DISABLED, AND R ANSWERED WORKING
FOR PAY 1982:) About how many hours does he/she work on your job in the
average week? (RETIRED OR DISABLED, AND R VOLUNTEERED WORKING FOR PAY
1984,1986:) About how many hours does he/she work on your job in the
average week?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Employed
2. Not employed:  laid off, unemployed, on strike, permanently disabled and 
     other except for retired, student or housewife
3. Retired (1966 adds 'over 65')
4. Homemaker (see VCF0118)
5. Student (see VCF0118)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. DK; NA; no Pre IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0118.
After 1986, the concept of 'Head of Household' was discontinued.
GENERAL NOTE:
No direct question asking R about head's work status was used prior
to 1968.  Instead, R was asked what head's occupation was, and codes
for 'student,' 'retired,' 'housewife,' 'unemployed' etc. appeared
within the occupation codes from which this variable has been
recoded.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520135
1956: V560125
1958: V580188
1960: V600136
1964: V640209
1966: V660199
1968: V680168
1970: V700298(type 0)
1972: V720329
1974: V742466
1976: V763431
1978: V780553
1980: V800592
1982: V820666
1984: V840531
1986: V860676
===================================================================================================
VCF0120	

Respondent - Prestige Score S.E.I. Rank 1976-1984

QUESTION:
---------
Duncan S.E.I. score for R

MISSING CODES:
--------------
998. R is member of armed forces or former member
000. R has never worked (unemployed or disabled)-- all years; R is 
     nonworking student or housewife--all years; R is housewife or student 
     working less than 20 hrs per week (1976,1978)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See PRESTIGE SCORE appendices.
1976 NOTE:
Score (3-digit code, see APPENDIX 'DUNCAN S.E.I. AND NORC PRESTIGE
SCALES 1976-1982') based on 1970 U.S. Census occupation codes.
Scores  have 1 implied decimal point, i.e., code 578 represents a score
of 57.8.
1978 NOTE:
See 1976 note.
1980 NOTE:
See 1976 note.
1982 NOTE:
See 1976 note.
1984 NOTE:
Score (4-digit code, see APPENDIX '1984 DUNCAN S.E.I.') is based on
1980 U.S. Census occupation codes; distributions are not comparable to
earlier years (based on 1970 Census).Scores have 1 implied decimal point.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1976: V763413,V763425
1978: V780535,V780547
1980: V800504,V800517
1982: V820558,V820573,V820586,V820600
1984: V841136
===================================================================================================
VCF0121	

Head of HH - Prestige Score S.E.I. Rank 1976-1984

QUESTION:
---------
Duncan S.E.I. score for Head

MISSING CODES:
--------------
998. Head is member of armed forces or former member
999. NA if Head is working now/has ever worked; Head's occupation NA
000. R has never worked (unemployed or disabled)- all years; R is 
     nonworking student or housewife- all years; R is housewife or student 
     working less than 20 hrs per week (1976,1978)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See PRESTIGE SCORE appendices.
1976 NOTE:
Score (3-digit code, see APPENDIX 'DUNCAN S.E.I. AND NORC PRESTIGE
SCALES 1976-1982') based on 1970 U.S. Census occupation codes.
Scores  have 1 implied decimal point, i.e., code 578 represents a score
of 57.8.
1978 NOTE:
See 1976 note.
1980 NOTE:
See 1976 note.
1982 NOTE:
See 1976 note.
1984 NOTE:
Score (4-digit code, see APPENDIX '1984 DUNCAN S.E.I.') is based on
1980 U.S. Census occupation codes; distributions are not comparable to
earlier years (based on 1970 Census).Scores have 1 implied decimal point.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1976: V763435,V763446
1978: V780557,V780569
1980: V800581,V800594
1982: V820614,V820629,V820642,V820656
1984: V841138
===================================================================================================
VCF0122	

Respondent - Prestige Score NORC Rank 1976-1982

QUESTION:
---------
NORC Prestige score for R

MISSING CODES:
--------------
998. R is member of armed forces or former member; R's occupation has 
     no NORC code (2 categories: carpenter's helpers, or fishermen and 
     oystermen)
000. R has never worked (unemployed or disabled)-- all years; R is 
     nonworking student or housewif e--all years; R is housewife or 
     student working less than 20 hrs per week (1976,1978)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See PRESTIGE SCORE appendices.
1976 NOTE:
Score (3-digit code, see APPENDIX 'DUNCAN S.E.I. AND NORC PRESTIGE
SCALES 1976-1982') based on 1970 U.S. Census occupation codes.
Scores  have 1 implied decimal point, i.e., code 578 represents a score
of 57.8.
1978 NOTE:
See 1976 note.
1980 NOTE:
See 1976 note.
1982 NOTE:
See 1976 note.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1976: V763414,V763426
1978: V780536,V780548
1980: V800505,V800518
1982: V820559,V820574,V820587,V820601
===================================================================================================
VCF0123	

Head of HH - Prestige Score NORC Rank 1976-1982

QUESTION:
---------
NORC Prestige score for Head

MISSING CODES:
--------------
998. Head is member of armed forces or former member; Head's occupation 
     has no NORC code (2 categories: carpenter's helpers, and fishermen 
     and oystermen)
999. NA if Head is working now/has ever worked; Head's occupation NA
000. Head has never worked (unemployed or disabled)--all years; Head is 
     nonworking student or housewife --all years; Head is housewife or 
     student working less than 20 hours per week (1976,1978); identity 
     of head of household not established (1984)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See PRESTIGE SCORE appendices.
1976 NOTE:
Score (3-digit code, see APPENDIX 'DUNCAN S.E.I. AND NORC PRESTIGE
SCALES 1976-1982') based on 1970 U.S. Census occupation codes.
Scores  have 1 implied decimal point, i.e., code 578 represents a score
of 57.8.
1978 NOTE:
See 1976 note.
1980 NOTE:
See 1976 note.
1982 NOTE:
See 1976 note.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1976: V763436,V763447
1978: V780558,V780570
1980: V800582,V800595
1982: V820615,V820630,V820643,V820657
===================================================================================================
VCF0124	

Respondent - Prestige Score S.E.S. Rank 1968-1974

QUESTION:
---------
Duncan S.E.S. score for R

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. R is member of armed forces or former member; R's occupation has 
    no S.E.S. code (tobacco manufacturers)
99. NA if R is working now/ has ever worked; R's occupation is NA
00. R is housewife, student (or student with job), unemployed, retired, 
    permanently disabled, or 'handles own investments only' (1966-1968); 
    R is nonworking housewife,nonworking student, permanently disabled, 
    'handles own investments only'(1970); R is nonworking housewife/student 
    who has not worked in past 12 months, or is working housewife/student 
    but working less than 20 hours per week, or R has never worked 
    unemployed or disabled) or 'handles own investments only' (1972, 1974)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See PRESTIGE SCORE appendices.
These ratings were based on 1960 U.S. Census Occupation codes.  This
2-digit code has no implied decimal points.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1968: V680163
1970: V700278,V700290(type 0)
1972: V720310,V720322
1974: V742447,V742459
===================================================================================================
VCF0125	

Head of HH - Prestige Score S.E.S. Rank 1968-1974

QUESTION:
---------
Duncan S.E.S. score for Head

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. Head is member of armed forces or former member; Head's occupation 
    has no S.E.S. code (tobacco manufacturers)
99. NA if Head is working now/has ever worked; Head's occupation is NA
00. Head is housewife, student (or student with job), unemployed, retired, 
    permanently disabled, or 'handles own investments only'(1966-1968); 
    Head is nonworking housewife, nonworking student, permanently disabled, 
    'handles own investments only' (1970); Head is nonworking housewife/
    student who has not worked in past 12 months, or is working housewife/ 
    student but working less than 20 hrs per week, or Head has never worked 
    (unemployed or disabled) or 'handles own investments only'(1972, 1974)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See PRESTIGE SCORE appendices.
These ratings were based on 1960 U.S. Census Occupation codes.  This
2-digit code has no implied decimal points.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1966: V660204
1968: V680171
1970: V700301,V700313(type 0)
1972: V720333,V720345
1974: V742470,V742482
===================================================================================================
VCF0126	

Father of Respondent - Occupation 5-category 1952-1996

QUESTION:
---------
What kind of work did your father (SINCE 1978: [or father surrogate])
do for a living while you were growing up?
(SINCE 1984: What was his main occupation?)
(SINCE 1986: What were his most important activities or duties?)
(SINCE 1984: What kind of business or industry was that?)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Professional and managerial
2. Clerical and sales workers
3. Skilled, semi-skilled and service workers
4. Laborers, except farm
5. Farmers, farm managers, farm laborers and foremen

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. DK; NA; father wasn't living/not raised by father/no information for 
   parental surrogate; member of armed forces; father not in labor force; 
   no Pre IW; short-form or Spanish language (1992)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Since 1984, this variable has been a recode taken from 1980 U.S.
Census Occupation codes [recoded here from collapsed-code Census
variables appearing in ANES datasets].
Prior to 1984, this variable was a recode from the following:
1976-1982:  1970 U.S. Census Occupation codes
1968-1974:  CPS Political Behavior Occupation codes
1964:  1960 U.S. Census Occupation codes
1956-1960:  1950 U.S. Dept. of Commerce Census of occupations
1960 NOTE:
Personal data forms were completed for no-pre cases: data from these
forms were incorporated.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520141
1956: V560298
1958: V580257
1960: V600180
1964: V640259
1966: V660228
1968: V680252
1970: V700370(type 0)
1972: V720413
1974: V742534
1976: V763495
1978: V780618
1980: V800705
1982: V820747
1984: V840694
1986: V860744
1988: V880542
1992: V924126
1996: V960710
===================================================================================================
VCF0126a	

Father of Respondent Occupation 8-category 1970-1976

QUESTION:
---------
What kind of work did your father (SINCE 1978: [or father surrogate])
do for a living while you were growing up?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Professional, technical and kindred workers
2. Managers, officials and proprietors exc. farm
3. Clerical and kindred workers, sales workers
4. Craftsmen, foremen and kindred workers and (authoritative) protective 
   service workers
5. Operative and kindred workers
6. Service workers, including private household workers and (exec. authoritative) 
   protective service workers
7. Laborers, except farm
8. Farm laborers and foremen; farmers; owners, managers, tenant farmers and 
   sharecroppers

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. Occupation not reported (NA); members of armed forces; not in labor 
   force
0. Father wasn't living; not raised by father; no parallel information for 
   parental surrogate
INAP. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1970: V700370(type 0)
1972: V720413
1974: V742534
1976: V763495
===================================================================================================
VCF0126b	

Father of Respondent - Occupation Group 1978-1982,1996

QUESTION:
---------
What kind of work did your father or father surrogate do for a
living while you were growing up?

VALID CODES:
------------
01. Professional, technical and kindred workers
02. Managers and administrators, except farm
03. Sales workers
04. Clerical and kindred workers
05. Craftsmen and kindred workers
06. Operatives, except transport
07. Transport equipment operatives
08. Laborers, except farm
09. Farmers (owners and tenants), farm managers, farmer -- NA type
10. Farm foreman, farm laborer (wage-worker)
11. Service workers, except private household and government protective services
12. Government protective services: firemen; police; marshals and  constables
13. Private household workers
14. Member of armed forces
15. Not in labor force

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK
99. NA
00. Father wasn't living; not raised by father; no parallel information for 
    parental surrogate
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
1996 NOTE:
No code corresponding to 15 in Study data.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780618
1980: V800705
1982: V820747
1996: V960710
===================================================================================================
VCF0126c	

Father of Respondent - Occupation Group 1984-1988,1992

QUESTION:
---------
What kind of work did your father or father surrogate do for a
living while you were growing up? What was his main occupation?
(SINCE 1986: ) What were his most important activities or duties?
What kind of business or industry was that?

VALID CODES:
------------
01. Executive, administrative and managerial
02. Professional speciality occupations
03. Technicians and related support occupations
04. Sales occupation
05. Administrative support, including clerical
06. Private household
07. Protective service
08. Service exc. protective and household
09. Farming, forestry and fishing occupations
10. Precision production, craft and repair occupations
11. Machine operators, assemblers and inspectors
12. Transportation and material, moving occupations
13. Handler, equipment cleaners, helpers and laborers
14. Member of armed forces
15. Not in labor force

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK
99. NA
00. Father wasn't living; not raised by father; no parallel information for 
    parental surrogate; short form or Spanish language questionnaire (1992)
INAP. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V840694
1986: V860744
1988: V880542
1992: V924126
===================================================================================================
VCF0127	

Household - Union Membership

QUESTION:
---------
1948: 
Does [head] belong to a labor union?
1952,1954:
Do either you or the head of your household belong to a labor union?
Who is it that belongs?
1956 AND LATER:
(1956-1984,2002: Does anyone) (1986-LATER EXC.2002: Do you or [1988:
does] anyone else) in this household belong to a labor union?
(IF YES:)  Who is it that belongs?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes, someone (1948: head) in household belongs to a labor union
2. No, no one in household belongs to a labor union

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. DK; NA; no Pre IW; short-form 'new' Cross Section (1992)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
1948 NOTE:
'Yes' acknowledged only head's union affiliation.
1952 NOTE:
'Yes' acknowledged only R's or the head of household's union
affiliation.
1954 NOTE:
same as 1952
1992 NOTE:
This was not part of the 'short-form' questionnaire; for short-form
panel cases, however, 1990 study data were incorporated.
2002 DATA:
Asked only of 'fresh' cross-section cases; for panel cases 2000 data
have been included.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1948: V480030
1952: V520139
1956: V560130
1958: V580205
1960: V600150
1964: V640228
1966: V660215
1968: V680201
1970: V700347(type 0)
1972: V720378
1974: V742515
1976: V763476
1978: V780595
1980: V800683
1982: V820722
1984: V840676
1986: V860729
1988: V880517
1990: V900660
1992: V924101
1994: V941401
1996: V960698
1998: V980649
2000: V000990
2002: V023133,V023133a
2004: V043290
2008: V083246
2012: dem_unionhh
2016: V161302
===================================================================================================
VCF0127a	

Household - Who Belongs to Union 8-category

QUESTION:
---------
(1988-LATER EXC.2002: Do you or [1988: does] anyone else; 2002: Does
anyone) in this household belong to a labor union?
(IF YES:)  Who is it that belongs?

VALID CODES:
------------
00. No one
11. Respondent only
12. Spouse only
13. Other household member only
21. R and spouse
22. R and other household member
23. Spouse and other household member
31. R, spouse and other household member

MISSING CODES:
--------------
99. DK; NA; DK/NA if anyone in union; short-form 'new' Cross Section (1992)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See notes VCF0127.
2002 NOTE:
Asked only of 'fresh' cross-section cases; for panel cases 2000 data
have been included.
Maximum of 2 mentions for 2002 Fresh cross-section cases; for panel
cases 2000 data have been included.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1988: V880517,V880518
1990: V900660,V900661
1992: V924101,V924102
1994: V941401,V941402
1996: V960698,V960699
1998: V980649,V980650
2000: V000990,V000991c
2002: V023134,V023134a
2004: V043290,V043291
2008: V083246,V083246a
2012: dem_unionhh,dem_unionwho_r,dem_unionwho_spouse,dem_unionwho_personoth
2016: V161302,V161303
===================================================================================================
VCF0127b	

Household - Who Belongs to Union 4-category

QUESTION:
---------
1952: 
Do either you or the head of your household belong to a labor union?
Who is it that belongs?
1956 AND LATER:
(1956-1984,2002: Does anyone) (1986-LATER EXC.2002: Do you or [1988:
does] anyone else) in this household belong to a labor union?
(IF YES:)  Who is it that belongs?

VALID CODES:
------------
0. No one
1. R only
2. Someone other than R only
3. R and someone other than R

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. DK; NA; no Pre IW; short-form 'new' Cross Section (1992)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
'Someone other than R' can designate 1 or more persons.
1948,1954 NOTE:
In 1948 and 1954 it was not possible to distinguish when R was head,
and 1948 and 1954 are not included.
1952 NOTE:
Only R's or the head of household's union affiliation was coded; for
1952, codes 2 and 3 only include persons other than R if they were
designated head of household.
1992 NOTE:
This was not part of the 'short-form' questionnaire; for short-form
panel cases, however, 1990 study data were incorporated.
2002 NOTE:
Asked only of 'fresh' cross-section cases; for panel cases 2000 data
have been included.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520009,V520139
1956: V560130,V560174
1958: V580205,V580173
1960: V600150,V600121
1964: V640228,V640185
1966: V660215,V660238
1968: V680201,V680265
1970: V700347,V700348,V700392(type 0)
1972: V720378,V720379,V720426
1974: V742515,V742516,V742426
1976: V763392,V763476,V763477
1978: V780595,V780596
1980: V800683,V800684
1982: V820722,V820723
1984: V840676,V840678
1986: V860729,V860731
1988: V880517,V880518
1990: V900660,V900661
1992: V924101,V924102
1994: V941401,V941402
1996: V960698,V960699
1998: V980649,V980650
2000: V000990,V000991a,V000991b,V000991c
2002: V023134,V023134a
2004: V043290,V043291
2008: V083246,V083246a
2012: dem_unionhh,dem_unionwho_r,dem_unionwho_spouse,dem_unionwho_personoth
2016: V161302,V161303
===================================================================================================
VCF0128	

Respondent - Religion Major Group

QUESTION:
---------
1952-1964: Is your Church (1962: religious) preference Protestant,
Catholic or Jewish?
1966-1968:  Are you Protestant, Catholic or Jewish?
1970-1988,2002:  Is your religious preference Protestant, Catholic,
Jewish, or something else?
1990 AND LATER, exc. 2002:  (IF R ATTENDS RELIGIOUS SERVICES:) Do you
mostly attend a place of worship that is Protestant, Roman Catholic,
Jewish or what?  (IF R DOESN'T ATTEND RELIGIOUS SERVICES:)
Regardless of whether you now attend any religious services do you
ever think of yourself as part of a particular church or
denomination?  (IF YES:)  Do you consider yourself Protestant, Roman
Catholic, Jewish or what?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Protestant
2. Catholic [Roman Catholic]
3. Jewish
4. Other and none (also includes DK preference)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Pre IW; no Post IW; short-form 'new' Cross Section (1992)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See also VCF0129 and VCF0152.
In all Pre-Post studies except 1960 this was a Pre var.
This has been collapsed from the Study variable summarizing R's
religious self-identification, constructed from the complete set of
questions asked, usually including questions additional to those
documented here (see questions per VCF0128b,VCF0129).
1990-later (exc. 2002) NOTE:
Questions about religious affiliation were preceded by the filter
question, 'Lots of things come up that keep people from attending
religious services even if they want to.
Thinking about your life these days, do you ever attend religious
services, apart from occasional weddings, baptisms or funerals?'
(SEE VCF0130), which had some effect on distributions.
1948 NOTE:
Question wording was undocumented.
1992 NOTE:
This question was not part of the 'short-form' questionnaire; for short-
form panel cases, however, 1990 study data were incorporated.
1994 NOTE:
For panel cases, 1992 data were incorporated.
2002 NOTE:
For panel cases, 2000 data were incorporated.
2012 NOTE:
In 2012, cases categorized as 'undifferentiated Christian' in the
major-group summary are coded 4.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1948: V480050
1952: V520158
1956: V560132
1958: V580210
1960: V600252
1962: V620093
1964: V640235
1966: V660221
1968: V680213
1970: V700360(type 0)
1972: V720422
1974: V742551
1976: V763510
1978: V780605
1980: V800693
1982: V820734
1984: V840687
1986: V860737
1988: V880527
1990: V900525,V900546
1992: V923827,V923850
1994: V941102,V941105,V941122
1996: V960602
1998: V980542,V980569
2000: V000878,V000904
2002: V023138
2004: V043247
2008: V083185b
2012: relig_7cat_x
2016: V161264x
===================================================================================================
VCF0128a	

Respondent - Religion 7-category 1960-1988

QUESTION:
---------
1960,1964: 
Is your Church (1962: religious) preference Protestant, Catholic or
Jewish? (IF PROTESTANT:) What church is that, Baptist, Methodist or what?
1966-1968:
Are you Protestant, Catholic or Jewish? (IF PROTESTANT:) What church is
that, Baptist, Methodist or what?
1970:
Is your religious preference Protestant, Catholic, Jewish, or something
else? (IF PROTESTANT:) What church is that, Baptist, Methodist or what?
1972-1988:
Is your religious preference Protestant, Catholic, Jewish, or something
else? (IF PROTESTANT:) What church or denomination  is that?
(IF BAPTIST:) Is that Southern Baptist or something else?
2002:
Is your religious preference PROTESTANT, ROMAN CATHOLIC, JEWISH, or
something else?  (IF PROTESTANT OR OTHER:) What church or  denomination
is that?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Mainline Protestant
2. Evangelical Protestant
3. Catholic [Roman Catholic]
4. Jewish
5. Non-traditional orthodox
6. Non-Christian/Non-Jewish
7. Atheist, agnostic, none

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. DK; NA; refused to answer; no Pre IW; no Post IW; short-from 'new' Cross 
   Section (1992)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from VCF0129.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1960: V600252
1964: V640235
1966: V660221
1968: V680213
1970: V700360(type 0)
1972: V720422
1974: V742551
1976: V763510
1978: V780605
1980: V800693
1982: V820734
1984: V840687
1986: V860737
1988: V880527
===================================================================================================
VCF0128b	

Respondent - Religion 8-category 1990-1996

QUESTION:
---------
(IF R ATTENDS RELIGIOUS SERVICES: )  Do you mostly attend a place of
worship that is Protestant, Roman Catholic, Jewish, or what?
(IF R DOESN'T ATTEND RELIGIOUS SERVICES:)  Regardless of whether you
now attend any religious services do you ever think of yourself as
part of a particular church or denomination?  (IF YES:) Do you
consider yourself Protestant, Roman Catholic, Jewish, or what?
ATTENDS/CONSIDERS SELF PROTESTANT:
(IF BAPTIST:) With which Baptist group is your church associated?  Is
it the Southern Baptist Convention, the American Baptist Churches in
the USA, the American Baptist Association, [1992-LATER: the National
Baptist Convention U.S.A.,]an independent Baptist church or some other
Baptist group?  (IF INDEPENDENT BAPTIST:) Are you affiliated with any
larger Baptist group or is this strictly a local church?
(IF LUTHERAN:) Is this church part of the Evangelical Lutheran Church
in America, the Missouri Synod, or some other Lutheran group?
(IF METHODIST:) Is your church part of the United Methodist Church,
African Methodist Episcopal, or some other Methodist group?
(IF PRESBYTERIAN:) Is this the Presbyterian Church in the USA or some
other Presbyterian group?
(IF REFORMED:) Is this the Christian Reformed Church, the Reformed
Church in America, or some other Reformed group?
(IF BRETHREN:) Is this the Church of the Brethren, the Plymouth
Brethren, or what?
(IF CHRISTIAN OR JUST CHRISTIAN:) When you say 'Christian' does that
mean the denomination called the 'Christian Church (Disciples of
Christ),' or some other Christian denomination, or do you mean to say
'I am just a Christian?'
(IF CHURCH OR CHURCHES OF CHRIST:) Is this the Church of Christ or
United Church of Christ?
(IF CHURCH OF GOD:) Is this the Church of God of Anderson Indiana, the
Church of God of Cleveland Tennessee, the Church of God in Christ, or
some other Church of God?
(IF HOLINESS OR PENTECOSTAL:) What kind of church is that?  What is it
called exactly?  Is that part of a larger church or denomination? What
is that church called?
ATTENDS/CONSIDERS SELF OTHER:
What is it called exactly?  Is that church part of a denomination?  Is
that group Christian?
ATTENDS/CONSIDERS SELF JEWISH:
Do you usually attend a synagogue or temple that is Orthodox,
Conservative, Reform or what? / Do you consider yourself Orthodox,
Conservative, Reform or what?
ALL CHRISTIANS:
Which one of these words BEST describes your kind of Christianity:
Fundamentalist, Evangelical, Charismatic or Spirit-Filled, Moderate to
Liberal? Would you call yourself a born-again Christian, that is, have
you personally had a conversion experience related to Jesus Christ?

VALID CODES:
------------
0. Mainline Protestant
1. Evangelical Protestant
2. Black Protestant Church
3. Catholic [roman catholic]
4. Jewish
5. Non-traditional orthodox
6. Non-Christian/Non-Jewish
7. Atheist, agnostic, none

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. DK; NA; refused to answer; no Pre IW; no Post IW; short-from 'new' Cross 
   Section (1992); 'new' Cross Section (1994)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Built from VCF0152, respondent race, respondent categorization of type
of Christianity, church attendance, and Christian born-again status.
1994 NOTE:
Applies only to panel cases.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1990: V900525,V900546
1992: V923827,V923850
1994: V941102,V941105,V941122
1996: V960577,V960581,V960602
===================================================================================================
VCF0129	

Respondent - Religion Full Code 1960-1988,2002

QUESTION:
---------
1960,1964: 
Is your Church (1962: religious) preference Protestant, Catholic or
Jewish? (IF PROTESTANT:) What church is that, Baptist, Methodist or what?
1966-1968:
Are you Protestant, Catholic or Jewish? (IF PROTESTANT:) What church is
that, Baptist, Methodist or what?
1970:
Is your religious preference Protestant, Catholic, Jewish, or something
else? (IF PROTESTANT:) What church is that, Baptist, Methodist or what?
1972-1988:
Is your religious preference Protestant, Catholic, Jewish, or something
else? (IF PROTESTANT:) What church or denomination  is that?
(IF BAPTIST:) Is that Southern Baptist or something else?
2002:
Is your religious preference PROTESTANT, ROMAN CATHOLIC, JEWISH, or
something else?  (IF PROTESTANT OR OTHER:) What church or  denomination
is that?

VALID CODES:
------------
100-800. Religion as coded

MISSING CODES:
--------------
996. Refused
998. DK; none; no preference
999. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix '2002 RELIGION NOTE'.
See also VCF0152.
These questions follow up questions in VCF0128.
The addition in 1972 of 'Is that Southern Baptist or something else?'
significantly changed distributions of Protestant Baptists beginning in
that year.
Beginning in 1990 (except 2002), the full set of religion codes was
expanded considerably, adding codes for different affiliations within
the major mainline Protestant denominations and reworking almost
entirely the Pentecostal, Holiness, fundamentalist, and evangelical
Protestant denominations.  VCF0152 gives the 'new' set of full
codes.
2002 NOTE:
2000 data were included in the 2002 study religion summary variable by
recoding from the 2000 study variable, which differed somewhat in
coding from that used for 2002 fresh cross-section cases.  A
description of the recode from the 2002 summary variable is provided in
the Appendix.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1960: V600252
1964: V640235
1966: V660221
1968: V680213
1970: V700361(type 0)
1972: V720422
1974: V742551
1976: V763510
1978: V780605
1980: V800693
1982: V820734
1984: V840687
1986: V860737
1988: V880527
2002: V023138a
===================================================================================================
VCF0130	

Respondent - Church Attendance 1970-

QUESTION:
---------
1970-1988: (IF ANY RELIGIOUS PREFERENCE) Would you say you/do you go
to (church/synagogue) every week, almost every week, once or twice a
month, a few times a year, or never?
1990 AND LATER:  Lots of things come up that keep people from
attending religious services even if they want to.  Thinking about
your life these days, do you ever attend religious services, apart
from occasional weddings, baptisms or funerals?  (IF YES:) Do you go
to religious services every week, almost every week, once or twice a
month, a few times a year, or never?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Every week (Except 1970: almost every week)
2. Almost every week (no cases in 1970)
3. Once or twice a month
4. A few times a year
5. Never (1990 and later: 'No' in filter)
7. No religious preference (1970-1988)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK how often/DK if attend
9. NA/RF how often/NA/RF if attend
0. Religion (1970-1988); atheists and agnostics are Inap (1972,1986 only); 
   short-form 'new' Cross Section (1992-1996)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Beginning in 1990, question flow was reversed so that the religious
attendance question preceded religious affiliation questions, whereas
in previous studies religious attendance followed.  Beginning in 1990,
frequency of religious attendance was preceded by a general attendance
filter (yes/no); a 'no' response to the filter 1990 and later has been
coded 5 here.
1970 NOTE:
Only codes corresponding to VCF0130 codes 2-5 were used (no code for
'every week'). 'Almost every week' from 1970 has been recoded to 1,
with no 1970 cases appearing in code 2.
1992 NOTE:
This question was not part of the 'short-form' questionnaire; for short-
form panel cases, however, 1990 study data were incorporated.
1994 NOTE:
For Panel respondents,1992 data have been included.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1970: V700362(type 0)
1972: V720423
1974: V742552
1976: V763511
1978: V780606
1980: V800694
1982: V820735
1984: V840688
1986: V860738
1988: V880530
1990: V900526
1992: V923828
1994: V941103
1996: V960578
1998: V980543
2000: V000877,V000879
2002: V023085
2004: V043223,V043224
2008: V083186,V083186a
2012: relig_church,relig_churchoft
2016: V161244,V161245
===================================================================================================
VCF0130a	

Respondent - Church Attendance 1990-

QUESTION:
---------
Lots of things come up that keep people from attending religious
services even if they want to.  Thinking about your life these
days, do you ever attend religious services, apart from occasional
weddings, baptisms or funerals?  (IF YES: ) Do you go to religious
services every week, almost every week, once or twice a month, a
few times a year, or never?
(IF R SAYS HE/SHE GOES TO RELIGIOUS SERVICES EVERY WEEK:)
Would you say you go to religious services once a week or more often
than once a week?

VALID CODES:
------------
0. Every week - more than once a week
1. Every week - once a week or NA if once a week/more than once a week
2. Almost every week
3. Once or twice a month
4. A few times a year
5. Never ('No' in filter)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK how often/DK if attend
9. NA how often/NA if attend; short-form 'new' Cross Section (1992)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
1992 NOTE:
This question was not part of the 'short-form' questionnaire; for short-
form panel cases, however, 1990 study data were incorporated.
1994 NOTE:
For 1994 panel respondents, 1992 data have been included.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1990: V900526,V900527
1992: V923828,V923829
1994: V941103,V941104
1996: V960578,V960579
1998: V980543,V980544
2000: V000877,V000879,V000880
2002: V023085,V023086
2004: V043223,V043224
2008: V083186,V083186a,V083186b
2012: relig_church,relig_churchoft,relig_churchwk
2016: V161244,V161245,V161245a
===================================================================================================
VCF0131	

Respondent - Church Attendance 1952-1968

QUESTION:
---------
Would you say you go to church regularly, often, seldom or never?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Regularly
2. Often
4. Seldom
5. Never
7. No religious preference (1960-1968)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA
0. Religion refused/NA; no Pre IW; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
In all Pre-Post studies except 1960, this was a Pre var.
This question was asked only of Rs who gave a religious identification
(see VCF0128).

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520159
1956: V560133
1958: V580211
1960: V600253
1962: V620094
1964: V640236
1966: V660222
1968: V680214
===================================================================================================
VCF0132	

Respondent - Where Grew Up: State 1968-

QUESTION:
---------
Where was it that you grew up?  (IF UNITED STATES: ) Which state or
states?

VALID CODES:
------------
101-997. State/country as coded

MISSING CODES:
--------------
998. DK
999. NA; RF; short-form 'new' Cross Section (1992)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix 'STATE AND COUNTRY CODES'.
See also VCF0133.
If R grew up in more than one state or country, the place(s) where R
lived the longest between the ages of 6 and 18 was coded.  If it was
not clear which place(s) R lived longest, the code which best
reflected all mentioned places was used.
1992 NOTE:
This question was not part of the 'short-form' questionnaire; for short-
form panel cases, however, 1990 study data were incorporated.
1994 NOTE:
For panel cases, 1992 data were incorporated.
2016 NOTE:
In 2016, coding was not comparable.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1968: V680257
1970: V700379(type 0)
1972: V720416
1974: V742538
1976: V763499
1978: V780622
1980: V800709
1982: V820751
1984: V840698
1986: V860748
1988: V880546
1990: V900679
1992: V924125
1994: V941421
1996: V960711
2000: V001014
2008: V083264
===================================================================================================
VCF0133	

Respondent - Where Grew Up: State 1952-1966

QUESTION:
---------
What part of the United States did you grow up in?

VALID CODES:
------------
101-997. State/country as coded

MISSING CODES:
--------------
998. DK
999. NA; no Pre IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix 'STATE AND COUNTRY CODES'.
See also VCF0132.
Note that in studies 1952-1966 coding by ANES of foreign-born Rs was
inconsistent.  Some cases were coded MD in these years (recoded to 999
here), while others were assigned a foreign country code.
1958 NOTE:
To reconcile  the original 1958 Study data, Rs who did not grow up in
the U.S. (and who were not asked this question) were coded into
generalized foreign codes, e.g., 'Central America,' 'Eastern Europe,'
etc., based upon parents' foreign origins according to information
obtained in questions about places of mother's and father's birth
(VCF0144,VCF0145).
1960 NOTE:
Personal data forms were completed for no-pre cases: data from these
forms were incorporated.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520144
1956: V560188
1958: V580226
1960: V600182
1964: V640261
1966: V660230
===================================================================================================
VCF0134	

Respondent - Where Grew Up: Farm 1952-1994,2000

QUESTION:
---------
1952: Were you brought up mostly in the country, in a small town, or
in a large city?
1956-1970: Were you brought up mostly on a farm, in a town, in a small
city, or in a large city?
1972-1976: Were you brought up mostly in the country, in a town,  in a
small city, or in a large city?
1978-1982: Looking at this list, please tell me, were you brought up
mostly in the country, in a town, in a small city, or in a large city?
1984-LATER: Looking at this list, please tell me, where were you
mostly brought up?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Farm/country (including 'in the country, not on a farm' in 1978-1992)
2. Not farm/country

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA; no Pre IW; short-form 'new' Cross Section (1992)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See also VCF0135-VCF0137.
From 1978 on, this question was administered with a 'show card' that
contained categories (corresponding to codes in VCF0137) from which the
respondent could choose.  Prior to 1978, the choices available to the
respondent were those present in the question text.
Code 1 includes 'in the country' 1952,1972-1976, 'on a farm' 1956-1970,
and both 'farm' and 'in the country, not on a farm' 1978-1992.
1992 NOTE:
This question was not part of the 'short-form' questionnaire; for short-
form panel cases, however, 1990 study data were incorporated.
1994 NOTE:
For panel cases, 1992 data were incorporated.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520145
1956: V560189
1958: V580228
1960: V600184
1964: V640263
1966: V660232
1968: V680259
1970: V700381(type 0)
1972: V720418
1974: V742540
1976: V763500
1978: V780623
1980: V800710
1982: V820752
1984: V840699
1986: V860749
1988: V880547
1990: V900680
1992: V924129
1994: V941422
2000: V001019
===================================================================================================
VCF0135	

Respondent - Where Grew Up: Large City 1952-1994,2000

QUESTION:
---------
Type community where R grew up (2)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. In a large city  (in 1978-1992 this includes categories 5 and 7 from VCF0137)
2. Not in a large city  (in 1978-1992 this includes all  categories exc. 5 and 7 
     from VCF0137)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA; no Pre IW; short-form 'new' Cross Section (1992)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See question text and wording VCF0134.
See also VCF136,VCF0137.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1956: V560189
1958: V580228
1960: V600184
1964: V640263
1966: V660232
1968: V680259
1970: V700381(type 0)
1972: V720418
1974: V740254
1976: V763500
1978: V780623
1980: V800710
1982: V820752
1984: V840699
1986: V860749
1988: V880547
1990: V900680
1992: V924129
1994: V941422
2000: V001019
===================================================================================================
VCF0136	

Respondent - Where Grew Up: Urbanism 1956-1976

QUESTION:
---------
Type community where R grew up (3)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Farm, rural, 'country'
2. Town, 'small town'
3. City, not a large city
4. Large city
5. Other; mixture of communities; 'suburb'

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. DK; NA; no Pre IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See question text and wording VCF0134.
See also VCF0135,VCF0137.
In 1956-1964, the named community was coded according to its
approximate population at the time R was growing up.  A community may
thus have been coded for the study  into a size category different from
the size description chosen by R in his/her answer.  'City' categories
by population during these years were (in general): under 10,000;
10,000-50,000; 100,000-250,000;  250,000+.  For the codes here, the
250,000+ category was  placed into 'large city', while lesser-
population cities were included in code 3.
In 1966-1976, R's own perception of size of community was used.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1956: V560189
1958: V580228
1960: V600184
1964: V640263
1966: V660232
1968: V680259
1970: V700381(type 0)
1972: V720418
1974: V742540
1976: V763500
===================================================================================================
VCF0137	

Respondent - Where Grew Up: Urbanism 1978-2000

QUESTION:
---------
Type community where R grew up (4)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. On a farm
2. In the country, not on a farm
3. In a small city or town (under 50,000)
4. In a medium-sized city (50,000-100,000)
5. In a large city (100,000-500,000)
6. In a suburb of a large city
7. In a very large city (over 500,000)
8. In a suburb of a very large city

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. DK; NA; short-form 'new' Cross Section (1992)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See question text and wording VCF0134.
See also VCF0135,VCF0136.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780623
1980: V800710
1982: V820752
1984: V840699
1986: V860749
1988: V880547
1990: V900680
1992: V924129
1994: V941422
2000: V001019
===================================================================================================
VCF0138	

Number of Children in family

QUESTION:
---------
1958: How many children are there under 18 years old in this family?
 1960: How many children under 18 years old are there in this family?
 1962: How many children under 18 are there in your family?
 1964: How many children are there under 18 years old in this family?
 1966: How many children are there under 18 years old in this family
 (household)?
 1968: Are there any children under 18 years old in this family? (How
 many?)

VALID CODES:
------------
0. None
1. One
2. Two
3. Three or more

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; no Pre IW; Panel (1992,1996,2002)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Data 1978-2004 are from the household listing. For years 1958-1968
and 2008, these data are from questions in the demographic section
of the interview.  It is unknown how 1956 data were obtained.
1970 NOTE:
The respondent was not asked how many children were in the household
if R had no children of his/her own (or MD if had any). 1970 data are
therefore not included.
1994 NOTE:
R was asked if he/she had any children of his/her own; number of
children in the household was not established. 1994 data are therefore
not included.
2000 NOTE:
same as 1994.
2002 NOTE:
same as 1994.
2008 NOTE:
same as 1994.
2012 NOTE:
Same as 1994.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1956: V560178
1958: V580177
1960: V600125
1962: V620088
1964: V640189
1966: V660194
1968: V680147
1978: V780039,V780040,V780041,V780042
1980: V800044,V800045,V800046,V800047
1982: V820054,V820055,V820056,V820057
1984: V840071,V840072,V840073,V840074
1986: V860015,V860016,V860017,V860018
1988: V880092,V880093,V880094,V880095
1990: V900030,V900031,V900032,V900033
1992: V923079,V923080,V923081,V923082
1996: V960048,V960049,V960050,V960051
1998: V980041
===================================================================================================
VCF0138a	

Number Children Under Age 6 in HH

QUESTION:
---------
Number of children age 5 or younger old in household

VALID CODES:
------------
0. None
1. One
2. Two
3. Three
4. Four
5. Five
6. Six
7. Seven
8. Eight

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; Panel (1992,1996,2002)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
2002 NOTE:
These data are available only for 2002 fresh cross-section cases.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780039
1980: V800044
1982: V820054
1984: V840071
1986: V860015
1988: V880092
1990: V900030
1992: V923079
1996: V960048
1998: V980037
2002: V021107a,V021107b,V021107c,V021107d,V021107e,V021107f
2004: V041105
===================================================================================================
VCF0138b	

Number Children Ages 6-9 in HH

QUESTION:
---------
Number of children 6-9 years old in household

VALID CODES:
------------
0. None
1. One
2. Two
3. Three
4. Four
5. Five
6. Six
7. Seven
8. Eight

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; Panel (1992,1996,2002)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
2002 NOTE:
These data are available only for 2002 fresh cross-section cases.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780040
1980: V800045
1982: V820055
1984: V840072
1986: V860016
1988: V880093
1990: V900031
1992: V923080
1996: V960049
1998: V980038
2002: V021107a,V021107b,V021107c,V021107d,V021107e,V021107f
2004: V041106
===================================================================================================
VCF0138c	

Number Children Ages 10-13 in HH

QUESTION:
---------
Number of children 10-13 years old in household

VALID CODES:
------------
0. None
1. One
2. Two
3. Three
4. Four
5. Five
6. Six
7. Seven
8. Eight

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; Panel (1992,1996,2002)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
2002 NOTE:
These data are available only for 2002 fresh cross-section cases.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780041
1980: V800046
1982: V820056
1984: V840073
1986: V860017
1988: V880094
1990: V900032
1992: V923081
1996: V960050
1998: V980039
2002: V021107a,V021107b,V021107c,V021107d,V021107e,V021107f
2004: V041107
===================================================================================================
VCF0138d	

Number Children Ages 14-17 in HH

QUESTION:
---------
Number of children 14-17 years old in household

VALID CODES:
------------
0. None
1. One
2. Two
3. Three
4. Four
5. Five
6. Six
7. Seven
8. Eight

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; Panel (1992,1996,2002)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
2002 NOTE:
These data are available only for 2002 fresh cross-section cases.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780042
1980: V800047
1982: V820057
1984: V840074
1986: V860018
1988: V880095
1990: V900033
1992: V923082
1996: V960051
1998: V980040
2002: V021107a,V021107b,V021107c,V021107d,V021107e,V021107f
2004: V041108
===================================================================================================
VCF0138e	

Age Youngest Child in HH

QUESTION:
---------
Age of youngest child in family

VALID CODES:
------------
1. 1 - 1/2 years or less
2. Over 1 - 1/2 years up to and including 2 -1/2 years
3. Over 2 - 1/2 years up to and including 3 - 1/2 years
4. Over 3 - 1/2 years up to and including 4 - 1/2 years
5. Over 4 - 1/2 years up to and including 5 - 1/2 years
6. Over 5 - 1/2 years up to and including 10 - 1/2 years
7. Over 10 - 1/2 years up to and including 14- 1/2 years
8. Over 14 - 1/2 years up to 18 years

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; no children; no Pre IW
INAP. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1956: V560179
1958: V580178
1960: V600126
1962: V620089
1964: V640190
1966: V660195
1968: V680149
===================================================================================================
VCF0139	

Respondent - How Many Children Does R Have

QUESTION:
---------
1970,1974,1976,1980: Do you have any children?  (IF YES:) How many?

VALID CODES:
------------
0. None
1. One
2. Two
3. Three
4. Four
5. Five
6. Six
7. Seven
8. Eight or more

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Ages of children not limited to those under 18 years old.
1970 NOTE:
Single Rs were not asked this question and are represented in code 0.
1992 NOTE:
Study data represented only number of children under the age of 18
and are not represented here.
1994:
Questions were not comparable.
1998 NOTE:
same as 1992
2000 NOTE:
same as 1994

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1970: V700265(type 0)
1974: V742409
1976: V763372
1980: V800411
===================================================================================================
VCF0140	

Respondent - Education 6-category

QUESTION:
---------
1952-1972: How many grades of school did you finish?
1974 AND LATER:  What is highest grade of school or year of college
you have completed? Did you get a high school diploma or pass a high
school equivalency test?
1974,1976: Do you have a college degree? (IF YES:) What degree is that?
1978-1984: Do you have a college degree? (IF YES:) What is the highest
degree that you have earned?
1986 AND LATER: What is the highest degree that you have earned?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. 8 grades or less ('grade school')
2. 9-12 grades ('high school'), no diploma/equivalency
3. 12 grades, diploma or equivalency
4. 12 grades, diploma or equivalency plus non-academic training
5. Some college, no degree; junior/community college level degree (AA degree)
6. BA level degrees; advanced degrees incl. LLB

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA; RF; no Pre IW; short-form 'new' Cross Section (1992)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See also VCF0110.
During 1986-2008, the equivalent to code 4 was not used.
Code 6 includes 1 cases in 1968, 2 cases in 1976 and 4 cases in 1974
which were designated by respondents as 'honorary degrees.'
1952 NOTE:
The category recoded to code 6 only mentioned 'has a degree' or
'completed college,' without specifying Bachelor's degree or 4-year
college.  Another code present specified 'some college' and has been
recoded to 5.
1956 NOTE:
same as 1952
1958 NOTE:
same as 1952
1960 NOTE:
Personal data forms were completed for no-pre cases:  data from these
forms were incorporated.
1992 NOTE:
This question was not part of the 'short-form' questionnaire; for short-
form panel cases, however, 1990 study data were incorporated.
1994 NOTE:
For panel cases, 1992 data were incorporated.
2002 NOTE:
For panel cases, 2000 data were incorporated.
2004 NOTE:
Code 1 includes 1 case with number of grades NA without high school
diploma or equivalency.
2016 NOTE:
Code 4 in 2016 is from category 'Associates Degres - Occupational/ 
Vocational.'

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520131
1956: V560181
1958: V580180
1960: V600128
1962: V620078
1964: V640196
1966: V660197
1968: V680156
1970: V700269(type 0)
1972: V720300
1974: V742423
1976: V763389
1978: V780513
1980: V800436
1982: V820542
1984: V840438
1986: V860602
1988: V880422
1990: V900557
1992: V923908
1994: V941209
1996: V960610
1998: V980577
2000: V000913
2002: V023131
2004: V043254
2008: V083218x
2012: dem_edu
2016: V161270
===================================================================================================
VCF0140a	

Respondent - Education 7-category

QUESTION:
---------
1952-1972: How many grades of school did you finish?
1974 AND LATER:  What is highest grade of school or year of college
you have completed? Did you get a high school diploma or pass a high
school equivalency test?
1974,1976: Do you have a college degree? (IF YES:) What degree is that?
1978-1984: Do you have a college degree? (IF YES:) What is the highest
degree that you have earned?
1986 AND LATER: What is the highest degree that you have earned?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. 8 grades or less ('grade school')
2. 9-12 grades ('high school'), no diploma/equivalency
3. 12 grades, diploma or equivalency
4. 12 grades, diploma or equivalency plus non-academic training
5. Some college, no degree; junior/community college level degree (AA degree)
6. BA level degrees
7. Advanced degrees incl. LLB

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA; RF; no Pre IW; short-form 'new' Cross Section (1992)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See notes VCF0140.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520131
1956: V560181
1958: V580180
1960: V600128
1962: V620078
1964: V640196
1966: V660197
1968: V680156
1970: V700269(type 0)
1972: V720300
1974: V742423
1976: V763389
1978: V780513
1980: V800436
1982: V820542
1984: V840438
1986: V860602
1988: V880422
1990: V900557
1992: V923908
1994: V941209
1996: V960610
1998: V980577
2000: V000913
2002: V023131
2004: V043254
2008: V083218x
2012: dem_edu
2016: V161270
===================================================================================================
VCF0141	

Head of HH - Education 6-category 1962-1986

QUESTION:
---------
1952-1972: How many grades of school did (head) finish?
1974 AND LATER:  What is highest grade of school or year of college
(head) has completed? Did (head) get a high school diploma or pass a
high school equivalency test?
1974,1976: Does (head) have a college degree? (IF YES:) What degree is
that? 1978-1984: Does (head) have a college degree? (IF YES:) What is
the highest degree that (head) has earned?
1986 AND LATER: What is the highest degree that (head) has earned?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. 8 grades or less ('grade school')
2. 9-12 grades ('high school'), no diploma/equivalency
3. 12 grades, diploma or equivalency
4. 12 grades, diploma or equivalency plus non-academic training
5. Some college, no degree; junior/community college level degree (AA degree)
6. BA level degrees; advanced degrees incl. LLB

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA; head of family not determined (1986)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See notes VCF0140.
After 1986, the concept of 'Head of Household' was discontinued.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1962: V620076
1964: V640197
1968: V680157
1970: V700271(type 0)
1972: V720302
1974: V742432
1976: V763398
1978: V780522
1980: V800445
1982: V820549
1984: V840447
1986: V860607
===================================================================================================
VCF0142	

Respondent - Place of Birth

QUESTION:
---------
Where were you born? (IF UNITED STATES: ) Which state?

VALID CODES:
------------
101-997. State/Country as coded

MISSING CODES:
--------------
998. DK
999. NA; no Pre IW; short-form 'new' Cross Section (1992)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix 'STATE AND COUNTRY CODES'
1960 NOTE:
Personal data forms were completed for no-pre cases:  data from these
forms were incorporated.
1992 NOTE:
This question was not part of the 'short-form' questionnaire; for short-
form panel cases, however, 1990 study data were incorporated.
1994 NOTE:
For panel cases, 1992 data were incorporated.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520143
1956: V560182
1958: V580220
1960: V600175
1964: V640252
1966: V660223
1968: V680243
1970: V700363(type 0)
1972: V720407
1974: V742537
1976: V763498
1978: V780621
1980: V800708
1982: V820750
1984: V840697
1986: V860747
1988: V880545
1990: V900678
1992: V924124
1994: V941420
===================================================================================================
VCF0143	

Respondent Parents - Native Born

QUESTION:
---------
Were both your parents born in this country?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA; RF; no Pre IW; short-form 'new' Cross Section (1992)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
In 1960,1964,1966,1968,1970, this question was not asked of black
Rs or foreign-born Rs.
1960 N0TE:
Personal data forms were completed for no-pre cases:  data from these
forms were incorporated.
1992 NOTE:
This question was not part of the 'short-form' questionnaire; for short-
form panel cases, however, 1990 study data were incorporated.
1994 NOTE:
For panel cases, 1992 data were incorporated.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520146
1960: V600176
1964: V640253
1966: V660224
1968: V680244
1970: V700364(type 0)
1972: V720408
1974: V742529
1976: V763490
1978: V780612
1980: V800699
1982: V820741
1984: V840693
1986: V860743
1988: V880538
1990: V900674
1992: V924120
1994: V941416
1996: V960707
2000: V001007
2004: V043300
2008: V083257
2012: dem_parents
2016: V161315
===================================================================================================
VCF0144	

Respondent Father - Where Born

QUESTION:
---------
(IF BOTH PARENTS NOT BORN IN THE U.S.: )  What country was your father
born in?

VALID CODES:
------------
199. U.S.
182,183,186,201-997. Country as coded

MISSING CODES:
--------------
998. DK
999. NA; no Pre IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix 'STATE AND COUNTRY CODES'.
All codes within United States have been recoded to 199.
This question was a follow-up to VCF0143.  If R responded 'yes' to
VCF0143, then VCF0144 and VCF0145 have been coded 199.
Black Rs were not asked this question in 1960, 1964, 1966, 1968 or
1970 and for these years have been recoded to code 199, United States.
Parents of foreign-born Rs were also present in missing data during
these years in the study datasets, but for this variable parental
birthplaces have been imputed from R's own birth-place, as a
generalized category e.g., 'British  Isles' if R were born in England).
1960 N0TE:
Personal data forms were completed for no-pre cases:  data from these
forms were incorporated.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520151
1960: V600177
1964: V640254
1966: V660225
1968: V680245
1970: V700365(type 0)
1972: V720409
1974: V742530
1976: V763491
1978: V780613
1980: V800700
1982: V820742
===================================================================================================
VCF0145	

Respondent Mother - Where Born

QUESTION:
---------
(IF BOTH PARENTS NOT BORN IN THE U.S.: )  What country was your mother
born in?

VALID CODES:
------------
199. U.S.
182,183,186,201-997. Country as coded

MISSING CODES:
--------------
998. DK
999. NA; no Pre I
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0144.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520152
1960: V600178
1964: V640255
1966: V660226
1968: V680246
1970: V700366(type 0)
1972: V720410
1974: V742531
1976: V763492
1978: V780614
1980: V800701
1982: V820743
===================================================================================================
VCF0146	

Respondent Family - Home Ownership

QUESTION:
---------
(Do you/ Does your family) own your own home, pay rent or what?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes, own
2. No, not owned

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA; RF; no Pre IW; short form (1992)
INAP. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520156
1964: V640271
1968: V680262
1970: V700389(type 0)
1972: V720421
1974: V742550
1976: V763509
1978: V780629
1980: V800719
1982: V820761
1984: V840706
1986: V860754
1988: V880552
1990: V900685
1992: V924135
1994: V941427
1996: V960714
1998: V980663
2000: V001022
2002: V023141
2004: V043312
2008: V083281
2016: V161334
===================================================================================================
VCF0147	

Respondent - Marital Status

QUESTION:
---------
1952:  Are you married?
 1986:  Are you married now and living with your husband/wife-- or
 are you widowed, divorced, separated, or have you never married?
 Are you now Alving with someone as 8 couple, though not married? 
 1956-2004:  Are you married now and living with your husband/
 wife (2002: spouse)-- or are you widowed, divorced, separated, or
 have you never married?
 2008: Are you married now and living with your husband/wife-- or
 are you widowed, divorced, separated, or have you never married? /
 Are you married, divorced, separated, widowed, or have you never
 been married?
 2012,1216: Are you now married, widowed, divorced, separated or never
 married? Are you currently living with a partner, or not?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Married
2. Never married
3. Divorced
4. Separated
5. Widowed
7. Partners; not married (VOLUNTEERED pre-1986 and 1988-later)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. R not married/partnered, refused to say whether never married, divorced, 
   separated or widowed (1992 only); DK
9. NA; no Pre IW; unmarried at time of IW (1952 only); short-form 'new' 
   Cross-Section (1992)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Common law partners first appeared as a volunteered code in 1964.
Interviewer instruction 1990 and later:  'If spouse is in a nursing
home or works in another city, or the family is in the process of
moving and is temporarily holding 2 residences, code 1 is used.'
1952 NOTE:
Rs who were not married have been recoded to NA because their specific
status as divorced, widowed, never married etc. was not determined.  Rs
married at the time of the 1952 interview have all been coded 1 in
VCF0147, with no 1952 cases appearing in codes 2-7.
1960 NOTE:
1960 pre variable was used except for 22 no-pre cases, for which post
marital status was used.
1986 NOTE:
Unmarried Rs were also asked if they were living with a partner.
1992 NOTE:
This question was not part of the 'short-form' questionnaire; for short-
form panel cases, however, 1990 study data were incorporated, except in
cases where additional information current to 1992 [as determined by the
interviewer] contradicted the marital status of 1990.  In the latter
instances, the 1992 marital status variable was coded to reflect the
most complete and up-to-date information known by the interviewer.
2002 NOTE:
For panel cases, 2000 data were included.
2008 NOTE:
This question was asked in 2 versions; data are combined in this
variable.
2012 NOTE:
Unmarried Rs were asked if they were living with a partner. If R
refused to indicate whether living with a partner, status according
to lead question (codes 1-5) has been coded.
2016 NOTE:
same as 2012

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520114
1956: V560177
1958: V580176
1960: V600124
1962: V620791
1964: V640188
1966: V660193
1968: V680146
1970: V700263(type 0)
1972: V720295
1974: V742407
1976: V763370
1978: V780505
1980: V800409
1982: V820536
1984: V840430
1986: V860598
1988: V880418
1990: V900553
1992: V923904
1994: V941204
1996: V960606
1998: V980573
2000: V000909
2002: V023127,V023127a
2004: V043251
2008: V083216a,V083216b
2012: dem_marital,dem_partner
2016: V161268,V161269
===================================================================================================
VCF0148	

Respondent - Social Class 8-category

QUESTION:
---------
There's been some talk these days about different social classes.
Most people say they belong either to the middle class or the working
class.
Do you ever think of yourself as belonging in one of these classes?
Which one? /
(IF NO OR DK: ) Well, if you had to make a  choice, would you call yourself
middle class or working class?  
(IF MIDDLE OR WORKING CLASS:) Would you say that you are about average 
middle/working class or that you are in the upper part of the middle/
working class?

VALID CODES:
------------
0. Lower class (VOLUNTEERED)
1. Average working
2. Working--NA average or upper working
3. Upper working
4. Average middle
5. Middle class--NA average or upper middle
6. Upper middle
7. Upper class (VOLUNTEERED)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. DK; NA; other (incl. 'refused to accept idea of class')
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Respondents who answered No or DK to the initial question (think of self
as belonging to either middle or working class) were administered 
the followup that asked the respondent, if R 'had to make a choice,'
to choose between middle or working.  In some years, respondents who 
refused or did not answer the initial question were also asked the choice 
question (2012,2008,2004,2000,1990 and 1 post Web respondent in 2016).
In 2000 only, respondents who answered Yes to the initial question but 
who gave an Other response to the followup 'Which one?' were asked the 
choice question.
Respondents who volunteered upper or lower class in response to any of 
the questions have been coded as such here (0 or 7). 
1992 NOTE:
This set of questions was not part of the 'short-form' questionnaire;
for short-form panel cases, however, 1990 study data were incorporated
in the 1992 summary var.
2000 NOTE:
The 2000 summary variable used here appropriately coded into its 
categories the open-end Other Specify responses corresponding to lower, 
working, middle or upper class. The 2000 summary variable categories are
the same as in VCF0148.
2016 NOTE:
In 2016, a half sample of respondents were asked this 4-question version for social class in the pre-election wave and the remaining half sample
were asked in the post.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1956: V560224
1958: V580219
1966: V660219
1968: V680209
1970: V700356(type 0)
1972: V720400
1974: V742525
1976: V763486
1978: V780603
1980: V800691
1982: V820732
1984: V840685
1988: V880525
1990: V900668
1992: V924114
1994: V941409
2000: V001005
2004: V043298
2008: V083250,V083250a,V083250b,V083250c
2012: dem_class,dem_whichclass,dem_chclass,dem_avgclass
2016: V161304,V161305a,V161305b,V161306,V162128,V162129,V162130,V162131
===================================================================================================
VCF0148a	

Respondent - Average or Upper Middle/Working Class

QUESTION:
---------
There's been some talk these days about different social classes.
Most people say they belong either to the middle class or the working
class.
Do you ever think of yourself as belonging in one of these classes?
Which one? /
Well, if you had to make a  choice, would you call yourself
middle class or working class?  
(IF MIDDLE OR WORKING CLASS: ) Would you say that you are about average 
middle/working class or that you are in the upper part of the middle/
working class?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Average working
2. Working--NA average or upper working
3. Upper working
4. Average middle
5. Middle class--NA average or upper middle
6. Upper middle

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. DK; NA; other (incl. 'refused to accept idea of class')
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Respondents who volunteered upper or lower class in response to any of 
the questions (0 or 7 in VCF0148a) have been coded 9.
1960 NOTE:
Because the final question (average or upper) was not asked, data from 
VCF0149 have been incorporated in the following manner:  if VCF0149 is 
coded 1 or 2, this variable is coded 5; if VCF0149 is coded 3 or 4, this 
variable is coded 2.
1964 NOTE:
same as 1960.
1986 NOTE:
same as 1960.
2000 NOTE:
The 2000 summary variable used here appropriately coded into its 
categories the open-end Other Specify responses corresponding to lower, 
working, middle or upper class. The 2000 summary variable categories are
the same as in VCF0148.
2016 NOTE:
In 2016, a half sample of respondents were asked this 4-question version for social class in the pre-election wave and the remaining half sample
were asked in the post.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1956: V560224
1958: V580219
1960: V600155
1964: V640231
1966: V660219
1968: V680209
1970: V700356(type 0)
1972: V720400
1974: V742525
1976: V763486
1978: V780603
1980: V800691
1982: V820732
1984: V840685
1986: V860736
1988: V880525
1990: V900668
1992: V924114
1994: V941409
2000: V001005
2004: V043298
2008: V083250,V083250a,V083250b,V083250c
2012: dem_class,dem_whichclass,dem_chclass,dem_avgclass
2016: V161304,V161305a,V161305b,V161306,V162128,V162129,V162130,V162131
===================================================================================================
VCF0149	

Respondent - Think of Self as Member of Social Class

QUESTION:
---------
There's been some talk these days about different social classes.
Most people say they belong either to the middle class or the working
class.
Do you ever think of yourself as belonging in one of these classes?
Which one? /
Well, if you had to make a  choice, would you call yourself
middle class or working class?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes, think of self as member of class and that class is middle class
2. No, don't think of self as member of class, but if had to choose middle or 
    working, would choose middle
3. Yes, think of self as member of class and that class is working class
4. No, don't think of self as member of class, but if had to choose middle or 
    working, would choose working
5. Refuses to accept idea of class (except 1964, 1966, 1968)
6. Other (in 1964,1966, 1968 also includes 'refuses to accept idea of class.')

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. DK; NA; no Pre IW; short form (1992)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
1958 NOTE:
If R did not know whether R thought of self as a member of the working
or middle class, then R was not probed with 'If you had to make a
choice...'; only Rs who answered 'no' were probed (in all other years,
Rs answering DK to the lead-in were also probed with the If you had to
make a choice...' question).
2016 NOTE:
In 2016, a half sample of respondents were asked these questions in 
the pre-election wave and the remaining half sample were asked in 
the post.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1956: V560224
1958: V580219
1960: V600155
1964: V640231
1966: V660219
1968: V680209
1970: V700356(type 0)
1972: V720402
1974: V742523
1976: V763484
1978: V780601
1980: V800689
1982: V820730
1984: V840683
1986: V860736
1988: V880525
1990: V900665,V900666
1992: V924111,V924112
1994: V941406,V941407
2000: V000999,V001000
2004: V043295,V043296,V043297
2008: V083250,V083250a,V083250b,V083250c
2012: dem_class,dem_whichclass,dem_chclass
2016: V161304,V161305a,V161305b,V161306,V162128,V162129,V162130,V162131
===================================================================================================
VCF0150	

Respondent - Work Status 16-category

QUESTION:
---------
We'd like to know if you are working now, temporarily laid off, or are
you unemployed, retired, permanently disabled, (a homemaker), (a
student), or what? (STUDENT OR HOMEMAKER: ) Are you doing any work for
pay at the present time?  (RETIRED 1980,1982, 1988 AND LATER:) Are you
doing any work for pay at the present time? (DISABLED 1982,1988 AND
LATER:) Are you doing any work for pay at the present time? (STUDENT OR
HOMEMAKER:) About how many hours do you work on your job in the average
week? (RETIRED AND ANSWERED WORKING FOR PAY 1980:) In an average week do
you work 20 or more hours on that job? (RETIRED OR DISABLED, AND R
ANSWERED WORKING FOR PAY 1982,1988 AND LATER:) About how many hours do
you work on your job in the average week? (RETIRED OR DISABLED AND R
VOLUNTEERED WORKING FOR PAY 1984,1986:) About how many hours do you work
on your job in the average week?

VALID CODES:
------------
10. Working now
15. Working now and retired--20 or more hrs/wk
16. Working now and permanently disabled--20 or more hrs/wk
17. Working now and homemaker--20 or more hrs/wk
18. Working now and student--20 or more hrs/wk
20. Temporarily laid off
40. Unemployed
50. Retired, no current occupation
51. Retired and working now--less than 20 hrs/wk
60. Permanently disabled, no current occupation
61. Permanently disabled and working--less than 20 hrs/wk
70. Homemaker, no other occupation
71. Homemaker and working now--less than 20 hrs/wk
75. Homemaker and student, no other occupation
80. Student, no current occupation
81. Student and working now--less than 20 hrs/wk

MISSING CODES:
--------------
99. NA
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0116,VCF0118.
In 1980, those who were 'permanently disabled' when the occupation
questions began but who subsequently replied that they were also
currently working were not administered the 'permanently disabled'
series (past employment, if any) but instead were administered the
'working now' set of questions (present employment), regardless of
number of hours working [code 10].  Code 60 only represents nonworking
disabled (during all years since 1980).
2002 NOTE:
Number of hours working was not determined; no 2002 data.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800515
1982: V820610
1984: V840457
1986: V860615
1988: V880429
1990: V900565
1992: V923915
1994: V941216
1996: V960615
1998: V980579
2000: V000919
2004: V043260a
2008: V083222x
2012: dem_empstatus_2digitfin_x
2016: V161275x
===================================================================================================
VCF0151	

Respondent - Occupation Group 5-Category

QUESTION:
---------
1952-1964: 
What is your occupation.  I mean, what kind of work do you do? (IF NOT
CLEAR OR OBVIOUS [1958,1960,1964 only]:) What exactly do you do on your
job? (IF NOT ASCERTAINED:) What kind of business is that?  (IF R IS
UNEMPLOYED:) What kind of work do you usually do?  (IF R IS RETIRED:)
What kind of work did you do before you retired?
1968-1970:
(IF EMPLOYED OR ON STRIKE:)  What kind of work do you do? [What exactly
do you do on your job?]  (IF UNEMPLOYED OR RETIRED:) What kind of work
did you do when you were employed? [What exactly did you do on your job?]
1972-1982:
(IF R IS WORKING NOW OR IS TEMPORARILY LAID OFF:)  What is your main
occupation [What sort of work do you do? Tell me a little more about
what you do.]  (IF R IS UNEMPLOYED:) What kind of work did you do on
your last regular job [What was your occupation?]   (IF R IS RETIRED OR
DISABLED:) What kind of work did you do when you worked [What was your
main occupation?]
1984 AND LATER:
(IF R IS WORKING NOW OR IS TEMPORARILY LAID OFF:) What is your main
occupation [What sort of work do you do?]  What are your most important
activities or duties?  (IF R IS RETIRED/UNEMPLOYED /DISABLED:) What kind
of work did you do on your last regular job [What was your occupation?]
What were your most important activities or duties?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Professional and managerial
2. Clerical and sales workers
3. Skilled, semi-skilled and service workers
4. Laborers, except farm
5. Farmers, farm managers, farm laborers and foremen; forestry and fishermen
6. Homemakers (1980-later: no other occupation (any number of hours) and have 
     not worked in past 6/12 mos.; 1972-1978: not working at least 20 hrs/wk.;
     1956-1970: no other occupation, full or part time; 1952: no other full-time 
     occupation)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; member of armed forces; no occupation and not a homemaker; no Pre IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See notes VCF0115.
2008-LATER NOTE:
Revised master codes are not comparable to preceding years for 
collapse into these categories.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520132,V520134
1956: V560120,V560123
1958: V580181,V580184
1960: V600129,V600132
1964: V640202,V640205
1968: V680161,V680176
1970: V700275,V700276,V700288(type 0)
1972: V720306,V720309,V720321
1974: V742443,V742446,V742458
1976: V763409,V763412,V763424
1978: V780531,V780534,V780546
1980: V800454,V800455,V800471,880486,V800503
1982: V820556,V820557,V820572,V820585,V820599
1984: V840456,V840504,V840516,V840585
1986: V860614,V860655,V860664
1988: V880428,V880458,V880466
1990: V900565,V900595,V900603
1992: V923914,V923922,V923955
1994: V941215,V941223,V941256
1996: V960676,V960615,V960653,V960665
1998: V980619,V980628,V980639
2000: V000919,V000980
2004: V043260a,V043262p,V043268f
===================================================================================================
VCF0152	

Respondent - Religion Full Code 1990-

QUESTION:
---------
(IF R ATTENDS RELIGIOUS SERVICES: )  Do you mostly attend a place of
worship that is Protestant, Roman Catholic, Jewish, or what?
IF R DOESN'T ATTEND RELIGIOUS SERVICES:)  Regardless of whether you
now attend any religious services do you ever think of yourself as
part of a particular church or denomination?  (IF YES:) Do you
consider yourself Protestant, Roman Catholic, Jewish, or what?
PROTESTANTS:
(IF BAPTIST:) With which Baptist group is your church associated?  Is
it the Southern Baptist Convention, the American Baptist Churches in
the USA, the American Baptist Association, [1992-LATER: the National
Baptist Convention U.S.A.,]an independent Baptist church or some other
Baptist group?  (IF INDEPENDENT BAPTIST:) Are you affiliated with any
larger Baptist group or is this strictly a local church?
(IF LUTHERAN:) Is this church part of the Evangelical Lutheran Church
in America, the Missouri Synod, or some other Lutheran group?
(IF METHODIST:) Is your church part of the United Methodist Church,
African Methodist Episcopal, or some other Methodist group?
(IF PRESBYTERIAN:) Is this the Presbyterian Church in the USA or some
other Presbyterian group?
(IF REFORMED:) Is this the Christian Reformed Church, the Reformed
Church in America, or some other Reformed group?
(IF BRETHREN:) Is this the Church of the Brethren, the Plymouth
Brethren, or what?
(IF CHRISTIAN OR JUST CHRISTIAN:) When you say 'Christian' does that
mean the denomination called the 'Christian Church (Disciples of
Christ),' or some other Christian denomination, or do you mean to say
'I am just a Christian?'
(IF CHURCH OR CHURCHES OF CHRIST:) Is this the Church of Christ or
United Church of Christ?
(IF CHURCH OF GOD:) Is this the Church of God of Anderson Indiana, the
Church of God of Cleveland Tennessee, the Church of God in Christ, or
some other Church of God?
(IF HOLINESS OR PENTECOSTAL:) What kind of church is that?  What is it
called exactly?  Is that part of a larger church or denomination? What
is that church called?
(IF OTHER:) What is it called exactly?  Is that church part of a
denomination?  Is that group Christian?
(IF JEWISH:) (IF R ATTENDS JEWISH RELIGIOUS SERVICES:) Do you usually
attend a synagogue or temple that is Orthodox, Conservative, Reform
or what?  (IF R DOES NOT ATTEND RELIGIOUS SERVICES BUT CONSIDERS SELF
JEWISH:) Do you consider yourself Orthodox, Conservative, Reform or
what?

VALID CODES:
------------
10-790. Religion as coded
800. Agnostics
801. Atheists
997. Other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
998. None; no preference; don't know preference; DK; refused
999. NA; short-form 'new' Cross Section (1992)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix 'RELIGION 1990 AND LATER (EXC.2002)'
Questions about religious affiliation were preceded by the filter
question, 'Lots of things come up that keep people from attending
Religious services even if they want to.  Thinking about your life
these days, do you ever attend religious services, apart from
occasional weddings, baptisms or funerals?' Respondents who do
not think of themselves as affiliated with any church or denomination
are not asked these questions.
1992 NOTE 1:
This set of questions was not part of the 'short-form' questionnaire;
for short-form panel cases 1990 study data were incorporated.
1992 NOTE 2:
Codes 127 and 133 were combined into code 127 [no 1992 code 133]; code
102 was moved to become code 306 [no 1992 code 102]; and codes 267 and
261 were added (new).
1994 NOTE 1:
For panel cases, 1992 data were incorporated.
1994 NOTE 2:
The following codes were added: 111,186,234,262.
1996 NOTE:
Code 240 was added.
1998 NOTE:
Codes 263,264,524,725,726,727 were added.
2000 NOTE:
Codes 750,795 were added.
2002 NOTE:
Religion questions were not comparable.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1990: V900546
1992: V923850
1994: V941122
1996: V960602
1998: V980569
2000: V000904
2004: V043248
2008: V083185x
2012: relig_mastersummary
2016: V161264x
===================================================================================================
VCF0153a	

Mother of Respondent - Occupation 8-category 1970-1976

QUESTION:
---------
1972-1976: Other than being a housewife, did your mother (or
mother substitute) have a job while you were growing up?
1970-1976: IF YES:) What kind of work did she do?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Professional, technical and kindred workers
2. Managers, officials and proprietors exc. farm
3. Clerical and kindred workers, sales workers
4. Craftsmen, foremen and kindred workers and (authoritative) protective service 
     workers
5. Operative and kindred workers
6. Service workers, including private household workers and (exec. authoritative) 
     protective service workers
7. Laborers, except farm
8. Farm laborers and foremen; farmers; owners, managers, tenant farmers and 
     sharecroppers

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. Occupation not reported (NA); members of armed forces; not in labor 
   force; NA if mother had occupation
0. Mother wasn't living; not raised by mother; no parallel information
   for parental surrogate
INAP. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1970: V700374(type 0)
1972: V720414,V720415
1974: V742535,V742536
1976: V763496,V763497
===================================================================================================
VCF0153b	

Mother of Respondent - Occupation Group 1978-1982

QUESTION:
---------
Other than being a housewife, did your mother (or mother
substitute) have a job while you were growing up?
(IF YES: ) What kind of work did she do?

VALID CODES:
------------
01. Professional, technical and kindred workers
02. Managers and administrators, except farm
03. Sales workers
04. Clerical and kindred workers
05. Craftsmen and kindred workers
06. Operatives, except transport
07. Transport equipment operatives
08. Laborers, except farm
09. Farmers (owners and tenants), farm managers, farmer -- NA type
10. Farm foreman, farm laborer (wage-worker)
11. Service workers, except private household and government protective services
12. Government protective services:  firemen; police; marshals and  constables
13. Private household workers
14. Member of armed forces
15. Not in labor force

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK
99. NA
00. Mother wasn't living; not raised by mother; no parallel information
    for parental surrogate
INAP. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780619,V780620
1980: V800706,V800707
1982: V820748,V820749
===================================================================================================
VCF0153c	

Mother of Respondent - Occupation Group 1984-1988

QUESTION:
---------
Other than being a housewife, did your mother (or mother
substitute) have a job while you were growing up?
(IF YES: ) What kind of work did she do while you were growing up?
(What was her main occupation?)
(1986,1988,1992: What were her most important activities or duties?
What kind of (business/industry was that?)

VALID CODES:
------------
01. Executive, administrative and managerial
02. Professional speciality occupations
03. Technicians and related support occupations
04. Sales occupation
05. Administrative support, including clerical
06. Private household
07. Protective service
08. Service exc. protective and household
09. Farming, forestry and fishing occupations
10. Precision production, craft and repair occupations
11. Machine operators, assemblers and inspectors
12. Transportation and material moving occupations
13. Handler, equipment cleaners, helpers and laborers
14. Member of armed forces
15. Not in labor force

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK
99. NA
00. Mother wasn't living; not raised by mother; no parallel information
    for parental surrogate; short form or Spanish language questionnaire 
    (1992)
INAP. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V840695,V840696
1986: V860745,V860746
1988: V880543,V880544
1992: V924127,V924128
===================================================================================================
VCF0154a	

Respondent - Occupation 71-category

QUESTION:
---------
What is/was your main occupation?  (What sort of work do/did
you do?)  (1984-1986: IF NOT CLEAR: tell me a little more about
what you do/did.) (1986 AND LATER: What are/were your most important
activities or duties?)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
00. DK; NA; honworking homemaker/student; R has never worked for pay
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix 'CENSUS OCCUPATION 71 CATEGORIES'.
This variable combines employment data for all Rs except nonworking
homemakers and students (i.e., their data for employment in the past 6
months are omitted). The disabled and homemakers or students who are
also currently working have their current occupation coded here.
Retirees who are also currently working have past occupation coded
rather than current occupation. If R is disabled and not working but
has worked in the past, or if R is unemployed, then past employment is
represented here.
The original 3-digit U.S. Census Occupation variable has been recoded
into 71 subgroups, in order to protect Respondents' anonymity.
2008-LATER NOTE:
Revised master codes are not comparable to preceding years.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V840515
1986: V860663
1988: V880465
1990: V900602
1992: V923954
1994: V941255
1996: V960675
1998: V980638
2000: V000979
2004: V043262n
===================================================================================================
VCF0154b	

Respondent - Occupation 14-category

QUESTION:
---------
What is/was your main occupation?  (What sort of work do/did you do?)
(1984-1986: IF NOT CLEAR: tell me a little more about what you do/did.)
(1986 AND LATER: What are/were your most important activities or duties?)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Executive, administrative and managerial
2. Professional specialty occupations
3. Technicians and related support occupations
4. Sales occupation
5. Administrative support, including clerical
6. Private household
7. Protective service
8. Service except protective and household
9. Farming, forestry and fishing occupations
10. Precision production, craft and repair occupations
11. Machine operators, assemblers and inspectors
12. Transportation and material moving occupations
13. Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers and laborers
14. Member of armed forces

MISSING CODES:
--------------
00. DK; NA; honworking homemaker/student; R has never worked for pay
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
This variable combines employment data for all Rs except nonworking
homemakers and students (i.e., their data for employment in the past 6
months are omitted). The disabled and homemakers or students who are
also currently working have their current occupation coded here.
Retirees who are also currently working have past occupation coded
rather than current occupation. If R is disabled and not working but
has worked in the past, or if R is unemployed, then past employment is
represented here.
2008-LATER NOTE:
Revised master codes are not comparable to preceding years.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V840516
1986: V860664
1988: V880466
1990: V900603
1992: V923955
1994: V941256
1996: V960676
1998: V980639
2000: V000980
2004: V043262p
===================================================================================================
VCF0155	

Respondent - Worried about Find/Losing Job

QUESTION:
---------
How worried are you about losing your job/finding a job in the near
future:  a lot, somewhat, or not much at all?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. A lot
3. Somewhat
5. Not much at all

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK; refused
9. NA
0. R is nonworking homemaker or student; R is unemployed/disabled and 
   has never worked for pay, or R is working and retired (1984-1986); R is 
   unemployed/ disabled and has never worked for pay, or R is working and 
   retired/disabled  (1988-1994); R is unemployed/disabled and has never 
   worked for pay (1996-1998)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Note that homemakers or students without current outside employment
were not asked this question.  Other respondents excluded from question
administration has varied slightly.
1992 NOTE:
A large number of NA cases appear in the data without documentation for
reason.
2000 NOTE:
If Rs were unemployed, nonworking retired or nonworking disabled, they
were not asked this question unless they said they were looking for
work.  2000 data are not included.
2012-LATER NOTE:
Code categories changed in 2012 and are not comparable.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V840525
1986: V860671
1988: V880471
1990: V900608
1992: V923960
1994: V941262
1996: V960682
1998: V980645
2004: V043262j
2008: V083244k,V083233b,V083240
===================================================================================================
VCF0156	

Respondent - Working R Laid off Last 6 Months

QUESTION:
---------
Were you out of work or laid off at any time during the last six
months?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA
0. R is not currently working
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Respondents without current employment (including Rs temporarily
laid off) were not asked this question.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V840474
1986: V860632
1988: V880444
1990: V900581
1992: V923931
1994: V941232
1996: V960673
1998: V980636
2000: V000977
2004: V043285
2008: V083241
2012: dem_offwork
2016: V161298
===================================================================================================
VCF0157	

Respondent - Working R Hours Reduced/Cut in Pay

QUESTION:
---------
During the last six months, have you had a reduction in your
work hours or had to take a cut in pay at any time for reasons
other than illness or personal choice?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA
0. R is not currently working
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Respondents without current employment (including Rs temporarily
laid off) were not asked this question.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V840475
1986: V860633
1988: V880445
1990: V900582
1992: V923932
1994: V941233
1996: V960674
1998: V980637
2000: V000978
2004: V043286
2008: V083242
2012: dem_hrsreduce
2016: V161299
===================================================================================================
VCF0170a	

County of IW 1956-1960

QUESTION:
---------
County code 1956-1960

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix 'COUNTY CODE' (part I).
Coded 0011-1071 and:

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1956: V560003
1958: V580004
1960: V600004
===================================================================================================
VCF0170b	

County of IW 1964-1976

QUESTION:
---------
Sampling PSU-county code 1964-1976

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix 'COUNTY CODE' (part II).
Coded 001-993 and:

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1964: V640004
1966: V660003
1968: V680017
1970: V700021(type 0)
1972: V720008
1974: V742009
1976: V763009
===================================================================================================
VCF0170c	

County of IW 1968-1982

QUESTION:
---------
ICPSR county code 1968-1982

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix 'COUNTY CODE'(part III).
Coded 01001-73037 and:

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1968: V680016
1970: V700020(type 0)
1972: V720007
1974: V742008
1976: V763008
1978: V780013
1980: V800010
1982: V820017
===================================================================================================
VCF0170d	

County of IW 1970,1978-1998

QUESTION:
---------
FIPS state-county code 1970,1978-1998

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix 'COUNTY CODE' (part IV).
County code information restricted beginning 2000.
The 1st 2 digits of code correspond to FIPS state code.
Coded 01033-56013 and:

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1964: V640242
1966: V660124
1968: V680230
1970: V700248(type 0)
1972: V720719
1974: V742364
1976: V763833
1978: V780016
1980: V800871
1982: V820146
1984: V840012
1986: V860026
1988: V880011
1990: V900011
1992: V923061
1994: V940021
1996: V960110
1998: V980093
===================================================================================================
	

QUESTION:
---------

GROUP THERMOMETER INTRO

1964-1968: 
There are many groups in America that try to get the government or the
American people to see things more their way.  We would like to get
your feelings towards some of these groups.  I have here a card on
which there is something that looks like a thermometer.  We call it a
'feeling thermometer' because it measures your feelings towards
groups. Here's how it works. If you don't know too much about a group
or don't feel particularly warm or cold toward them, then you should
place them in the middle, at the 50 degree mark.  If you have a warm
feeling toward a group or feel favorably toward it, you would give it
a score somewhere between 50 degrees and 100 degrees, depending on how
warm your feeling is toward the group.  On the other hand, if you
don't feel very favorably toward some of these groups--if there are
some you don't care for too much--then you would place them somewhere
between 0 degrees and 50 degrees.
1970-1974:
(1970: As you know, there are many groups and persons in America that
try to get the government or the American people to see things more
their way. Please use the thermometer again--this time to indicate
your feelings toward these groups or persons.)  (1972,1974: We'd also
like to get your feelings about some groups in American society, using
the feeling thermometer just as we did for the [1972: candidates;
1974: leaders]. If we come to a group you don't know much about, just
tell me and we'll move on to the next one.)  
1976: 
We'd also like to get your feelings about some groups in American 
society.  When I read the name of a group, we'd like you to rate it with 
what we call a feeling thermometer.  Ratings between 50 degrees-100 
degrees mean that you feel favorably and warm toward the group; ratings 
between 0 and 50 degrees mean that you don't feel favorably towards the 
group and that you don't care too much for that group.  If you don't 
feel particularly warm or cold toward a group you would rate them at 50 
degrees.  If we come to a group you don't know much about, just tell me 
and we'll move on to the next one.
1978-1984:  
(1980-1984: And still using the thermometer, how would you rate the 
following.)  
1986-LATER:  
([And] still using the thermometer, how would you rate [the following]:)

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE FOR ALL GROUP THERMOMETERS:
Card or respondent booklet shown to R exc. 2000 telephone and 2002 
(telephone study).
Code distinction between 'don't know' and non-recognition of name
begin in 1978; data are combined in the DK category here.
In all Pre-Post study years except 1968 and 1976, group thermometers
followed (within the same wave, if not immediately) the series of 
thermometers for specific political figures, so that R was asked to 
recall the 'explanation' of the thermometer.  In 1968 and 1976 only, 
group thermometers appeared in a separate wave.
1964 NOTE:
'Don't knows' were coded 50 on thermometers; groups about which the 
respondent 'didn't know much' were also placed at 50 degrees
1966 NOTE:
same as 1964.
1968 NOTE:
same as 1964.
1970 NOTE:
The  order in which group thermometers were asked varied by form.
1970-1976 NOTE:
The respondent was not asked to give thermometer ratings for groups 
about which R 'didn't know much' or 'didn't know too much.'  However, 
it is unclear whether such cases were coded DK or NA.
1996-LATER NOTE:
Group thermometers were administered in random order.
===================================================================================================
VCF0201	

Thermometer - Democrats

QUESTION:
---------
Democrats -- feeling thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK  (exc. 1964-1968: see VCF0201 note)
99. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1964: V640242
1966: V660124
1968: V680230
1970: V700248(type 0)
1972: V720719
1974: V742364
1976: V763833
1980: V800871
1982: V820146
===================================================================================================
VCF0202	

Thermometer - Republicans

QUESTION:
---------
Republicans -- feeling thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK  (exc. 1964-1968: see VCF0201 note)
99. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1964: V640247
1966: V660129
1968: V680237
1970: V700250(type 0)
1972: V720721
1974: V742366
1976: V763835
1980: V800873
1982: V820147
===================================================================================================
VCF0203	

Thermometer - Protestants

QUESTION:
---------
Protestants -- feeling thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK  (exc. 1964-1968: see VCF0201 note)
99. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1964: V640249
1966: V660123
1968: V680239
1972: V720715
1976: V763844
2000: V001325
2002: V025070
===================================================================================================
VCF0204	

Thermometer - Catholics

QUESTION:
---------
Catholics -- feeling thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK  (exc. 1964-1968: see VCF0201 note)
99. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1964: V640240
1966: V660121
1968: V680227
1972: V720712
1976: V763826
1984: V840774
1988: V880611
1992: V925321
2000: V001323
2002: V025068
2004: V045058
2008: V085064c
2012: ftgr_catholics
===================================================================================================
VCF0205	

Thermometer - Jews

QUESTION:
---------
Jews -- feeling thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK  (exc. 1964-1968: see VCF0201 note)
99. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1964: V640244
1966: V660126
1968: V680232
1972: V720716
1976: V763842
1988: V880626
1992: V925334
2000: V001324
2002: V025069
2004: V045061
2008: V085064f
2016: V162108
===================================================================================================
VCF0206	

Thermometer - Blacks

QUESTION:
---------
Blacks -- feeling thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK  (exc. 1964-1968: see VCF0201 note)
99. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972); breakoff, sufficient partial (2016)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1964: V640250
1966: V660130
1968: V680240
1970: V700249(type 0)
1972: V720720
1974: V742365
1976: V763832
1980: V800870
1982: V820145
1984: V840763
1986: V860149
1988: V880613
1990: V900155
1992: V925323
1994: V940305
1996: V961029
1998: V980262
2000: V001308
2002: V025055
2004: V045077
2008: V085064y
2012: ftcasi_black
2016: V162312
===================================================================================================
VCF0207	

Thermometer - Whites

QUESTION:
---------
Whites -- feeling thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK  (exc. 1964-1968: see VCF0201 note)
99. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972); breakoff, sufficient partial (2016)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1964: V640245
1966: V660128
1968: V680233
1970: V700247(type 0)
1972: V720718
1974: V742363
1976: V763846
1980: V800884
1982: V820144
1984: V840769
1988: V880625
1992: V925333
1994: V940313
1996: V961030
1998: V980270
2000: V001309
2002: V025056
2004: V045086
2008: V085065c
2012: ftcasi_white
2016: V162314
===================================================================================================
VCF0208	

Thermometer - Southerners

QUESTION:
---------
Southerners -- feeling thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK  (exc. 1964-1968: see VCF0201 note)
99. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1964: V640239
1968: V680226
1972: V720710
1976: V763824
1980: V800862
1992: V925332
2004: V045078
2008: V085064z
===================================================================================================
VCF0209	

Thermometer - Big Business

QUESTION:
---------
Big business  -- feeling thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK  (exc. 1964-1968:  see VCF0201 note)
99. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1964: V640241
1966: V660119
1968: V680224
1972: V720707
1974: V742356
1976: V763821
1980: V800859
1984: V840773
1988: V880612
1992: V925322
1994: V940314
1996: V961034
2000: V001313
2002: V025060
2004: V045067
2008: V085064n
2012: ftgr_bigbus
2016: V162100
===================================================================================================
VCF0210	

Thermometer - Labor Unions

QUESTION:
---------
Labor unions -- feeling thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK  (exc. 1964-1968:  see VCF0201 note)
99. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1964: V640246
1966: V660127
1968: V680235
1972: V720722
1974: V742367
1976: V763836
1980: V800874
1984: V840767
1986: V860151
1988: V880604
1990: V900157
1992: V925316
1994: V940307
1996: V961033
1998: V980266
2000: V001312
2002: V025059
2004: V045064
2008: V085064j
2012: ftgr_unions
2016: V162098
===================================================================================================
VCF0211	

Thermometer - Liberals

QUESTION:
---------
Liberals -- feeling thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK  (exc. 1964-1968: see VCF0201 note)
99. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1964: V640238
1966: V660120
1968: V680225
1970: V700252(type 0)
1972: V720709
1974: V742358
1976: V763823
1980: V800861
1982: V820142
1984: V840770
1986: V860153
1988: V880616
1990: V900161
1992: V925326
1994: V940311
1996: V961032
1998: V980267
2000: V001311
2002: V025058
2004: V045062
2008: V085064g
2012: ftgr_liberals
2016: V162097
===================================================================================================
VCF0212	

Thermometer - Conservatives

QUESTION:
---------
Conservatives -- feeling thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK  (exc. 1964-1968: see VCF0201 note)
99. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1964: V640251
1966: V660131
1968: V680241
1970: V700242(type 0)
1972: V720724
1974: V742369
1976: V763838
1980: V800877
1982: V820143
1984: V840764
1986: V860150
1988: V880609
1990: V900156
1992: V925319
1994: V940306
1996: V961031
1998: V980264
2000: V001310
2002: V025057
2004: V045069
2008: V085064q
2012: ftgr_cons
2016: V162101
===================================================================================================
VCF0213	

Thermometer - Military

QUESTION:
---------
Military -- feeling thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK  (exc. 1964-1968: see VCF0201 note)
99. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1964: V640243
1968: V680231
1970: V700246(type 0)
1972: V720717
1974: V742362
1976: V763831
1980: V800869
1984: V840781
1988: V880618
1992: V925328
1996: V961027
2000: V001306
2002: V025053
2004: V045066
2008: V085064m
2012: ftgr_military
===================================================================================================
VCF0214	

Thermometer - Policemen/Police

QUESTION:
---------
Policemen (1992: the police; 2016: police) -- feeling thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK  (exc. 1964-1968: see VCF0201 note)
99. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1966: V660125
1968: V680228
1970: V700240(type 0)
1972: V720714
1974: V742360
1976: V763828
1992: V925340
2016: V162110
===================================================================================================
VCF0215	

Thermometer - Black Militants

QUESTION:
---------
Black militants -- feeling thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK
99. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1970: V700255(type 0)
1972: V720727
1974: V742372
1976: V763841
1980: V800880
1984: V840775
1986: V860155
===================================================================================================
VCF0216	

Thermometer - Civil Rights Leaders

QUESTION:
---------
Civil rights leaders -- feeling thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK
99. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1970: V700239(type 0)
1972: V720729
1974: V742373
1976: V763843
1980: V800875
1984: V840779
1988: V880606
===================================================================================================
VCF0217	

Thermometer - Chicanos/Hispanics

QUESTION:
---------
1976: Chicanos --feeling thermometer
1980,1984,1988: Hispanics-- feeling thermometer
1992: Hispanic-Americans-- feeling thermometer
1994: Hispanics or Latinos-- feeling thermometer
1996-later: Hispanics (Hispanic-Americans)-- feeling thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK
99. NA; no Post IW; breakoff, sufficient partial (2016)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1976: V763825
1980: V800863
1984: V840765
1988: V880617
1992: V925327
1994: V940304
1996: V961037
2000: V001316
2002: V025063
2004: V045056
2008: V085064s
2012: ftcasi_hisp
2016: V162311
===================================================================================================
VCF0218	

Thermometer - Democratic Party

QUESTION:
---------
The Democratic Party -- feeling thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK
99. NA
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
1984 NOTE:
This question was asked in both the pre and the post. The pre version
is included here.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780155
1980: V800168
1982: V820138
1984: V840305
1986: V860146
1988: V880164
1990: V900151
1992: V923317
1994: V940301
1996: V960292
1998: V980260
2000: V000369
2004: V043049
2008: V083044a
2012: ft_dem
2016: V161095
===================================================================================================
VCF0219	

Thermometer - Middle Class People

QUESTION:
---------
Middle class people -- feeling thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK
99. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720734
1974: V742376
1976: V763848
1980: V800886
1984: V840766
2004: V045063
2008: V085064h
2012: ftgr_middle
===================================================================================================
VCF0220	

Thermometer - People on Welfare

QUESTION:
---------
People on welfare -- feeling thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK
99. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1976: V763834
1980: V800872
1984: V840777
1986: V860154
1988: V880607
1990: V900159
1992: V925318
1994: V940309
1996: V961036
2000: V001315
2002: V025062
2004: V045068
2008: V085064p
2012: ftgr_welfare
===================================================================================================
VCF0221	

Thermometer - Political Independents

QUESTION:
---------
People who call themselves political independents - feeling thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK
99. NA
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
1984 NOTE:
This question was asked in both the pre and the post. The pre version
is included here.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800170
1982: V820140
1984: V840307
===================================================================================================
VCF0222	

Thermometer - Political Parties

QUESTION:
---------
Political parties, in general -- feeling thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK
99. NA
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
1984 NOTE:
This question was asked in both the pre and the post. The pre version
is included here.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800171
1982: V820141
1984: V840308
1986: V860148
1990: V900153
1994: V940303
1996: V960294
2000: V000372
===================================================================================================
VCF0223	

Thermometer - Poor People

QUESTION:
---------
Poor people -- feeling thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK
99. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720708
1974: V742357
1976: V763822
1980: V800860
1984: V840768
1986: V860156
1988: V880610
1990: V900162
1992: V925320
1994: V940312
1996: V961035
1998: V980268
2000: V001314
2002: V025061
2004: V045065
2008: V085064k
2012: ftgr_poor
2016: V162099
===================================================================================================
VCF0224	

Thermometer - Republican Party

QUESTION:
---------
The Republican Party -- feeling thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK
99. NA
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
1984 NOTE:
This question was asked in both the pre and the post. The pre version
is included here.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780156
1980: V800169
1982: V820139
1984: V840306
1986: V860147
1988: V880165
1990: V900152
1992: V923318
1994: V940302
1996: V960293
1998: V980261
2000: V000370
2004: V043050
2008: V083044b
2012: ft_rep
2016: V161096
===================================================================================================
VCF0225	

Thermometer - Womens Libbers

QUESTION:
---------
1970-1976,1980,1984: the women's liberation movement--feeling thermometer
1986,1990,1992,1996: the women's movement--feeling thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK
99. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
For 'feminists' (1988 and 1992) see VCF0253 and VCF0254.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1970: V700254(type 0)
1972: V720725
1974: V742370
1976: V763839
1980: V800878
1984: V840782
1986: V860152
1990: V900158
1992: V925324
1994: V940308
1996: V961039
2000: V001318
===================================================================================================
VCF0226	

Thermometer - Young People

QUESTION:
---------
Young people -- feeling thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK
99. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720723
1974: V742368
1976: V763837
1980: V800876
2004: V045080
===================================================================================================
VCF0227	

Thermometer - Asian-Americans

QUESTION:
---------
Asian-Americans -- thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK; don't recognize
99. NA; no Post IW; breakoff, sufficient partial (2016)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1992: V925339
2000: V001327
2002: V025072
2004: V045075
2008: V085064v
2012: ftcasi_asian
2016: V162310
===================================================================================================
VCF0228	

Thermometer - Congress

QUESTION:
---------
1998: U.S. Congress -- thermometer
1980,1988,1992,2000-later:  Congress (1980,1992: that is, the U.S.
Senate and the House of Representatives)-- thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK; don't recognize
99. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800882
1988: V880628
1992: V925337
1996: V961026
1998: V980273
2000: V001305
2002: V025052
2004: V045076
2008: V085064w
2012: ftgr_congress
2016: V162104
===================================================================================================
VCF0229	

Thermometer - Environmentalists

QUESTION:
---------
1980,1988,1990: people seeking to protect the environment --thermometer
1994-later: environmentalists -- thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK; don't recognize
99. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800867
1988: V880620
1990: V900160
1992: V925329
1994: V940310
1996: V961041
2000: V001320
2002: V025066
2004: V045072
2008: V085064s
===================================================================================================
VCF0230	

Thermometer - Anti-Abortionists

QUESTION:
---------
1984: Anti-abortionists -- thermometer
1988,1990: Opponents of abortion -- thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK; don't recognize
99. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. Post IW (1984)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V840780
1988: V880624
1990: V900163
===================================================================================================
VCF0231	

Thermometer - Federal Government

QUESTION:
---------
The federal government in Washington -- thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK; don't recognize
99. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800868
1988: V880615
1992: V925325
1996: V961028
2000: V001307
2002: V025054
2004: V045060
2008: V085064e
2012: ftgr_fedgov
===================================================================================================
VCF0232	

Thermometer - Gays and Lesbians

QUESTION:
---------
Gay men and lesbians (that is), homosexuals -- thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK; don't recognize
99. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V840778
1988: V880627
1992: V925335
1994: V940318
1996: V961042
1998: V980265
2000: V001321
2002: V025067
2004: V045074
2008: V085064u
2012: ftgr_gay
2016: V162103
===================================================================================================
VCF0233	

Thermometer - Illegal Aliens

QUESTION:
---------
Illegal aliens (2004-later: illegal immigrants) -- thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK; don't recognize
99. NA; no Post IW; breakoff, sufficient partial (2016)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1988: V880622
1992: V925331
1994: V940317
2004: V045081
2008: V085065a
2012: ftcasi_illegal
2016: V162313
===================================================================================================
VCF0234	

Thermometer - Christian Fundamentalists

QUESTION:
---------
Christian fundamentalists -- thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK; don't recognize
99. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1988: V880629
1992: V925338
1994: V940315
1996: V961038
2000: V001317
2002: V025064
2004: V045057
2008: V085064b
2012: ftgr_xfund
2016: V162095
===================================================================================================
VCF0235	

Thermometer - Radical Students

QUESTION:
---------
Radical students -- thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK; don't recognize
99. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1970: V700253(type 0)
1972: V720713
1974: V742359
1976: V763827
1980: V800864
===================================================================================================
VCF0236	

Thermometer - Farmers

QUESTION:
---------
Farmers -- thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK; don't recognize
99. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720732
1974: V742375
1980: V800883
===================================================================================================
VCF0253	

Thermometer - Feminists

QUESTION:
---------
Feminists -- feeling thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK
99. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
For 'women's movement' see VCF0225.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1988: V880605
1992: V925317
2000: V001326
2002: V025071
2004: V045059
2008: V085064d
2012: ftgr_feminists
2016: V162096
===================================================================================================
VCF0290	

Thermometer Average - Major Parties

QUESTION:
---------
Thermometers --both major parties

VALID CODES:
------------
0-97 Degrees.

MISSING CODES:
--------------
998. DK in VCF0218 or VCF0224
999. NA
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Built from VCF0218 and VCF0224 as: (VCF0218+VCF0224)/2.  Fractional
results are rounded to the next highest integer.
Cases DK in either thermometer are coded DK; cases which are NA in one
thermometer are coded NA unless the other thermometer is DK (in which
case this var is coded DK).

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF0291	

Thermometer Index - Major Parties

QUESTION:
---------
Major party thermometer index

VALID CODES:
------------
2. Most Republican
.
50. Neutral
.
99. Most Democratic

MISSING CODES:
--------------
998. DK in VCF0218 or VCF0224
999. NA
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Built from VCF0218 and VCF0224 as: (VCF0218-VCF0224 +100)/2.
Fractional results are rounded to the next highest integer.
Cases DK in either thermometer are coded DK; cases which are NA in one
thermometer are coded NA unless the other thermometer is DK (in which
cases this var is coded DK).

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF0301	

Party Identification of Respondent- 7-point Scale

QUESTION:
---------
Generally speaking, do you usually think of yourself as a Republican,
a Democrat, an Independent, or what?  (IF REPUBLICAN OR DEMOCRAT)
Would you call yourself a strong (REP/DEM) or a not very strong
(REP/DEM)?  (IF INDEPENDENT, OTHER [1966 AND LATER: OR NO PREFERENCE;
2008: OR DK)
Do you think of yourself as closer to the Republican or Democratic party?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Strong Democrat
2. Weak Democrat
3. Independent - Democrat
4. Independent - Independent
5. Independent - Republican
6. Weak Republican
7. Strong Republican

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA/RF initial party identification; Democrat or  Republican initial 
   party identification but DK/NA/RF strength; initial party identification 
   independent/no preference/other/DK and followup is DK/NA/RF/other; no 
   Pre IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
This variable has been revised in accordance with the ANES memo on
construction of the Party Identification Summary (available from the
ANES Web site).
For all years, this variable has been reconstructed in the following
consistent manner:
Code 1: initial mention Democrat; followup: strong.
Code 2: initial mention Democrat; followup:  not strong.
Code 3: initial preference independent,no preference, other, DK ;
        followup: Democrat
Code 4: initial preference independent,no preference, other, DK ;
        followup: neither
Code 5: initial preference independent,no preference, other, DK ;
        followup: Republican
Code 6: initial mention Republican; followup: not strong.
Code 7: initial mention Republican; followup: strong
2008 NOTE:
The order of the parties in the initial question was randomized.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520237
1956: V560088
1958: V580062
1960: V600091
1962: V620035
1964: V640146
1966: V660082
1968: V680120
1970: V700184(type 0)
1972: V720140
1974: V742204
1976: V763174
1978: V780433
1980: V800266
1982: V820291
1984: V840318
1986: V860300
1988: V880274
1990: V900320
1992: V923634
1994: V940655
1996: V960420
1998: V980339
2000: V000523
2002: V023038x
2004: V043116
2008: V083098x
2012: pid_x
2016: V161158x
===================================================================================================
VCF0302	

Party Identification of Respondent- Initial Party ID Response

QUESTION:
---------
Generally speaking, do you usually think of yourself as a Republican,
a Democrat, an Independent, or what?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Republican
2. Independent
3. No preference; none; neither
4. Other
5. Democrat

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA; refused
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
This variable corresponds to R's initial response, before follow-up
questions determine strength or leaning.
1952-66,1970 study data were coded as a summary already including
information from strength and closeness, and are not included.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1968: V680119
1972: V720141
1974: V742201
1976: V763168
1978: V780426
1980: V800225
1982: V820287
1984: V840315
1986: V860297
1988: V880271
1990: V900317
1992: V923631
1994: V940652
1996: V960417
1998: V980336
2000: V000519
2002: V023036
2004: V043114
2008: V083097
2012: pid_self
2016: V161155,V161155a
===================================================================================================
VCF0303	

Party Identification of Respondent- Summary 3-Category

QUESTION:
---------
Party ID - 3 categories

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Democrats (including leaners)
2. Independents
3. Republicans (including leaners)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. DK; NA; other; refused to answer; no Pre IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from VCF0301,  1-3=1, 4=2, 5-7=3

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520237
1956: V560088
1958: V580062
1960: V600091
1962: V620035
1964: V640146
1966: V660082
1968: V680120
1970: V700184(type 0)
1972: V720140
1974: V742204
1976: V763174
1978: V780433
1980: V800266
1982: V820291
1984: V840318
1986: V860300
1988: V880274
1990: V900320
1992: V923634
1994: V940655
1996: V960420
1998: V980339
2000: V000523
2002: V023038x
2004: V043116
2008: V083098x
2012: pid_x
===================================================================================================
VCF0305	

Party Identification of Respondent- Strength of Partisanship

QUESTION:
---------
Party ID - strength of partisanship

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Independent
2. Leaning Independent
3. Weak Partisan
4. Strong Partisan

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. DK; NA; other; refused to answer; no Pre IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from VCF0301, 1=4, 2=3, 3=2, 4=1, 5=2, 6=3, 7=4

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520237
1956: V560088
1958: V580062
1960: V600091
1962: V620035
1964: V640146
1966: V660082
1968: V680120
1970: V700184(type 0)
1972: V720140
1974: V742204
1976: V763174
1978: V780433
1980: V800266
1982: V820291
1984: V840318
1986: V860300
1988: V880274
1990: V900320
1992: V923634
1994: V940655
1996: V960420
1998: V980339
2000: V000523
2002: V023038x
2004: V043116
2008: V083098x
===================================================================================================
VCF0306	

Party Identification of Respondent's Father

QUESTION:
---------
(1970,1988,1990: When you were growing up) Did he/your father
(1988,1992: or stepfather) think of himself mostly as a Democrat, as a
Republican, or what?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Democrat
2. Independent (some years also: shifted around)
3. Republican
4. Other; minor party; apolitical; never voted, didn't get into politics; parents 
   refused to say; DK (1988 only); father not a U.S. citizen

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. DK (exc. 1988)
0. NA; no Pre IW; no Post IW; R had no father/father substitute; DK/NA 
   father's interest in politics (1972 only)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Prior to 1972, code 2 was a volunteered code only.
1972 NOTE:
If R's response to the question corresponding to VCF0308 (father's
interest in politics) was DK or NA, then this question was not asked.
1988 NOTE:
DK was combined with 'other' codes (code 4).

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520068
1958: V580069
1964: V640151
1968: V680124
1970: V700192(type 0)
1972: V720153
1976: V763202
1978: V780439
1980: V800355
1988: V881115
1992: V926243
===================================================================================================
VCF0307	

Party Identification of Respondent's Mother

QUESTION:
---------
(1970,1988,1990: When you were growing up) Did she/your mother
(1988,1992: or stepmother) think of himself mostly as a Democrat, as a
Republican, or what?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Democrat
2. Independent
3. Republican
4. Other; minor party; apolitical; never voted, didn't get into politics; parents 
   refused to say; DK (1988 only); mother not a U.S. citizen; no women's suffrage
   (prior to 1972 only)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. DK (exc. 1988)
0. NA; no Pre IW; no Post IW; R had no mother/mother substitute; DK/NA 
   mother's interest in politics (1972 only)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Prior to 1972, code 2 was a volunteered code only.
1972 NOTE:
If R's response to the question corresponding to VCF0309 (mother's
interest in politics) was DK or NA, then this question was not asked.
1988 ONLY:
DK was combined with 'other' codes (code 4).

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520069
1958: V580071
1964: V640153
1968: V680126
1970: V700193(type 0)
1972: V720155
1976: V763204
1978: V780440
1980: V800356
1988: V881116
1992: V926244
===================================================================================================
VCF0308	

Political Interest of Respondent's Father

QUESTION:
---------
Do you remember when you were growing up whether your father was very
much interested in politics, somewhat interested, or didn't he pay
much attention to it?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Didn't pay much attention
2. Somewhat interested
3. Very much interested

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. DK
0. NA; R had no father/father substitute
INAP. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1958: V580068
1964: V640150
1968: V680123
1972: V720152
1976: V763201
===================================================================================================
VCF0309	

Political Interest of Respondent's Mother

QUESTION:
---------
Now how about your mother?  When you were growing up was she very much
interested in politics, somewhat interested, or didn't she pay much
attention to it?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Didn't pay much attention
2. Somewhat interested
3. Very much interested

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. DK
0. NA; R had no mother/mother substitute
INAP. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1958: V580070
1964: V640152
1968: V680125
1972: V720154
1976: V763203
===================================================================================================
VCF0310	

Interest in the Elections

QUESTION:
---------
Some people don't pay much attention to political campaigns.  How
about you, would you say that you have been/were very much interested,
somewhat interested, or not much interested in (1952-1998: following)
the political campaigns (so far) this year?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Not much interested
2. Somewhat interested
3. Very much interested
9. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Pre IW; split versions: not asked (2008)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
1988 NOTE:
This question was present in both the pre and post.  The pre version is
represented here.
1992 NOTE:
same as 1988
2002 NOTE:
same as 1988
2004 NOTE:
same as 1988
2008 NOTE:
This question was administered to a random half sample of respondents
(verion 'OLD'); the remaining respondents were administered an
alternative version of the question (version 'NEW').
A half-sample of respondents were administered this question with
response options in reverse order.
This question was present in both the pre and post.  The pre version is
represented here.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520044
1956: V560097
1958: V580075
1960: V600098
1962: V620039
1964: V640157
1966: V660087
1968: V680130
1970: V700201(type 0)
1972: V720163
1976: V763031
1978: V780043
1980: V800053
1982: V820058
1984: V840075
1986: V860059
1988: V880097
1990: V900062
1992: V923101
1994: V940124
1996: V960201
1998: V980201
2000: V000301
2002: V023001
2004: V043001
2008: V083001a
2012: interest_following
2016: V161004
===================================================================================================
VCF0311	

Does Respondent Care Which Party Wins Presidential Election

QUESTION:
---------
Generally speaking, would you say that you personally care a good deal
which party (1992 and later: who) wins the presidential election this
fall, or that you don't care very much which party (1992 and later: who)
wins?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Don't care very much or DK, pro-con, depends, and other
2. Care a good deal

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Pre IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
The 1992 change in wording from 'which party wins' to 'who wins'
produced a significant change in distributions.
2016:
The 2016 version of this question was not comparable.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520041
1956: V560014
1960: V600019
1964: V640020
1968: V680027
1972: V720029
1976: V763030
1980: V800061
1984: V840080
1988: V880102
1992: V923106
1996: V960202
2000: V000302
2004: V043092
2008: V083072
2012: preswin_care
===================================================================================================
VCF0312	

Respondent Care(d) Which Party Wins Congressional Election

QUESTION:
---------
POST ADMINISTRATION: 
As you know, representatives to Congress in Washington are being chosen
in this election from congressional districts all around the country.
How much would you say that you personally cared about the way the
elections (1996 AND LATER: election) to the U.S. House of
Representatives (1966,1970,1974: to Congress) came out:
Did you care very much, pretty much, not very much or not at all?
PRE ADMINISTRATION:
As you know, representatives to Congress in Washington are being chosen
in this election from congressional districts all around the country.
How much would you say that you personally care about the way the
elections (1996 AND LATER: election) to the U.S. House of
Representatives (1970,1974: to Congress) come(s) out:
Do you care very much, pretty much, not very much or not at all?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Not very much, not at all, DK, pro-con, depends, other
2. Very much, pretty much

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
2002 NOTE:
This question was asked in both the Pre and Post; the Pre is
represented here.
2008 NOTE:
A half-sample of respondents were administered this question with
with response options in reverse order.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1966: V660063
1970: V700164(type 0)
1974: V742026
1978: V780114
1980: V800822
1982: V820097
1986: V860102
1990: V900106
1992: V925108
1994: V940209
1996: V960256
1998: V980222
2000: V000342
2002: V023007
2008: V083034
===================================================================================================
VCF0313	

Interest in Public Affairs

QUESTION:
---------
1964 AND LATER: 
Some people seem to follow (1964: think about) what's going on in
government and public affairs most of the time, whether there's an
election going on or not.  Others aren't that interested. Would you say
you follow what's going on in government and public affairs most of the
time, some of the time, only now and then, or hardly at all?
1960, 1962:
We'd also like to know how much attention you pay to what's going on in
politics generally. I mean from day to day, when there isn't any big
election campaign going on, would you say you follow politics very
closely, fairly closely, or not much at all?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Hardly at all  (1960,1962: not much at all)
2. Only now and then
3. Some of the time  (1960,1962: fairly closely)
4. Most of the time (1960,1962: very closely)
9. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972); abbrev. telephone IW (1984); split 
   versions: not asked (2008)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
1960 NOTE:
Only three response categories were available, corresponding to codes
1, 3, and 4.
1962 NOTE:
same as 1960.
1962 NOTE 2:
The DK category was not present
2008 NOTE:
This question was administered to a random half sample of respondents
(verion 'OLD'); the remaining respondents were administered an
alternative version of the question (version 'NEW').
A half-sample of respondents were administered this question with
response options in reverse order.
This question was present in both the pre and post.  The pre version is
represented here.
2016 NOTE:
The 2016 version of this question was not comparable.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1960: V600225
1962: V620040
1964: V640324
1966: V660064
1968: V680430
1972: V720476
1974: V742027
1976: V763599
1978: V780310
1980: V800974
1982: V820294
1984: V840988
1986: V860301
1988: V880812
1990: V900321
1992: V925721
1994: V940701
1996: V961134
1998: V980340
2000: V001367
2002: V025084
2004: V045095
2008: V085072
===================================================================================================
VCF0314	

Democratic Party: Respondent Likes - Number of Mentions

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Democratic Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0. Zero positive mentions (likes)
1. One positive mention (likes)
2. Two positive mentions (likes)
3. Three positive mentions (likes)
4. Four positive mentions (likes)
5. Five positive mentions (likes)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. No Pre IW; form II (1972); form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not 
   administered in assigned half sample (1996)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Five possible mentions were coded in all original ANES datasets.
MD category 9 comprises cases of systematic question exclusion,
i.e., when a question was not present within a form or wave. Rs
who responded 'no' to 'Is there anything in particular that you
like about the Democratic party?' have been coded here as 0
mentions; Rs coded DK or NA in response have also been coded
here as 0 mentions.  In addition, Rs who responded 'yes' BUT
who provided no mentions (DK or NA in first mention) have been
coded 0.
1996 NOTE:
The order in which the set of likes/dislikes questions was administered
for the 2 major parties was randomized ('likes' always preceding
dislikes).
2000 NOTE:
same as 1996
2004 NOTE:
same as 1996
2008 NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.
The order in which the set of likes/dislikes questions was administered
for the 2 major parties was randomized ('likes' always preceding
dislikes).
2012 NOTE:
Party-candidate codes have not yet been coded for the 2012 Time Series.
It is unclear how the new coding will integrate with this file.
2016 NOTE:
Same as 2012.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520018
1956: V560015
1958: V580015
1960: V600020
1964: V640021
1968: V680028
1972: V720031
1976: V763088,V763089,V763090,V763091,V763092
1978: V780091,V780092,V780093,V780094,V780095
1980: V800173,V800174,V800175,V800176,V800177
1982: V820074,V820075,V820076,V820077,V820078
1984: V840267,V840268,V840269,V840270,V840271
1986: V860073,V860074,V860075,V860076,V860077
1988: V880183,V880184,V880185,V880186,V880187
1990: V900074,V900075,V900076,V900077,V900078,V900079
1992: V923402,V923403,V923404,V923405,V923406
1994: V940132,V940133,V940134,V940135,V940136
1996: V960326,V960327,V960328,V960329,V960330
2000: V000374,V000375,V000376,V000377,V000378
2004: V043053
===================================================================================================
VCF0315	

Democratic Party: Respondent Dislikes - Number of Mentions

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you don't like about the
Democratic party?
What is that? Anything else [you don't like about the Democratic Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0. Zero negative mentions (dislikes)
1. One negative mention (dislikes)
2. Two negative mentions (dislikes)
3. Three negative mentions (dislikes)
4. Four negative mentions (dislikes)
5. Five negative mentions (dislikes)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. No Pre IW; form II (1972); form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not 
   administered in assigned half sample (1996)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Five possible mentions were coded in all original ANES datasets.
MD category 9 comprises cases of systematic question exclusion,
i.e., when a question was not present within a form (1972,1990,1996)
or within a wave (1952,1960). Rs who responded 'no' to 'Is there
anything in particular that you don't like about the Democratic
party?' have been coded here as 0 mentions; Rs coded DK or NA in
response to the same question have also been coded here as 0
mentions.  In addition, Rs who responded 'yes' BUT who provided
no mentions (DK or NA in first mention) have been coded 0.
1996 NOTE:
The order in which the set of likes/dislikes questions was administered
for the 2 major parties was randomized ('likes' always preceding
dislikes).
2000 NOTE:
same as 1996
2004 NOTE:
same as 1996
2008 NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.
2012 NOTE:
Party-candidate codes have not yet been coded for the 2012 Time Series.
It is unclear how the new coding will integrate with this file.
2016 NOTE:
Same as 2012.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520019
1956: V560016
1958: V580016
1960: V600021
1964: V640022
1968: V680029
1972: V720033
1976: V763094,V763095,V763096,V763097,V763098
1978: V780097,V780098,V780099,V780100,V780101
1980: V800179,V800180,V800181,V800182,V800183
1982: V820081,V820082,V820083,V820084
1984: V840273,V840274,V840275,V840276,V840277
1986: V860079,V860080,V860081,V860082,V860083
1988: V880189,V880190,V880191,V880192,V880193
1990: V900081,V900082,V900083,V900084,V900085
1992: V923408,V923409,V923410,V923411,V923412
1994: V940138,V940139,V940140,V940141,V940142
1996: V960332,V960333,V960334,V960335,V960336
2000: V000380,V000381,V000382,V000383,V000384
2004: V043055
===================================================================================================
VCF0316	

Democratic Party: Affect (Likes-Dislikes)

QUESTION:
---------
Affect toward Democratic Party

MISSING CODES:
--------------
99. No Pre IW; form II (1972); form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not 
    administered in assigned half sample (1996)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
This is the number of Democratic party 'likes' minus the number of
Democratic party 'dislikes'  (VCF0314-VCF0315).

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF0317	

Democratic Party: Salience (Likes-Dislikes)

QUESTION:
---------
Salience of Democratic Party

VALID CODES:
------------
0. Zero mentions
.
.
10. Ten mentions

MISSING CODES:
--------------
99. No Pre IW; form II (1972); form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not 
    administered in assigned half sample (1996)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
This is the number of Democratic party 'likes' plus the number of
Democratic party dislikes  (VCF0314+VCF0315)

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF0318	

Republican Party: Respondent Likes - Number of Mentions

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Republican Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0. Zero positive mentions (likes)
1. One positive mention (likes)
2. Two positive mentions (likes)
3. Three positive mentions (likes)
4. Four positive mentions (likes)
5. Five positive mentions (likes)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. No Pre IW; form II (1972); form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not 
   administered in assigned half sample (1996)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Five possible mentions were coded in all original ANES datasets.
MD category 9 comprises cases of systematic question exclusion,
i.e., when a question was not present within a form (1972,1990,1996)
or within a wave (1952,1960). Rs who responded 'no' to 'Is there
anything in particular that you like about the Republican party?'
have been coded here as 0 mentions; Rs coded DK or NA in response
to the same question have also been coded here as 0 mentions.  In
addition, Rs who responded 'yes' BUT who provided no mentions (DK
or NA in first mention) have been coded 0 here.
1996 NOTE:
The order in which the set of likes/dislikes questions was administered
for the 2 major parties was randomized ('likes' always preceding
dislikes).
2000 NOTE:
same as 1996
2008 NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.
2012 NOTE:
Party-candidate codes have not yet been coded for the 2012 Time Series.
It is unclear how the new coding will integrate with this file.
2016 NOTE:
Same as 2012.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520020
1956: V560017
1958: V580017
1960: V600022
1964: V640023
1968: V680030
1972: V720035
1976: V763100,V763101,V763102,V763103,V763104
1978: V780103,V780104,V780105,V780106,V780107
1980: V800185,V800186,V800186,V800187,V800188,V800189
1982: V820086,V820087,V820088,V820089,V820090
1984: V840279,V840280,V840281,V840282,V840283
1986: V860085,V860086,V860087,V860088,V860089
1988: V880195,V880196,V880197,V880198,V880199
1990: V900086,V900087,V900088,V900089,V900090,V900091
1992: V923414,V923415,V923416,V923417,V923418
1994: V940144,V940145,V940146,V940147,V940148
1996: V960314,V960315,V960316,V960317,V960318
2000: V000386,V000387,V000388,V000389,V000390
2004: V043057
===================================================================================================
VCF0319	

Republican Party: Respondent Dislikes - Number of Mentions

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you don't like about the
Republican party?
What is that? Anything else [you don't like about the Republican Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0. Zero negative mentions (dislikes)
1. One negative mention (dislikes)
2. Two negative mentions (dislikes)
3. Three negative mentions (dislikes)
4. Four negative mentions (dislikes)
5. Five negative mentions (dislikes)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. No Pre IW; form II (1972); form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not 
   administered in assigned half sample (1996)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Five possible mentions were coded in all original ANES datasets.
MD category 9 comprises cases of systematic question exclusion,
i.e., when a question was not present within a form (1972,1990,1996)
or within a wave (1952,1960). Rs who responded 'no' to 'Is there
anything in particular that you don't like about the Republican
party?' have been coded here as 0 mentions; Rs coded DK or NA in
response to the same question have also been coded here as 0
mentions.  In addition, Rs who responded 'yes' BUT who provided
no mentions (DK or NA in first mention) have been coded 0.
1996 NOTE:
The order in which the set of likes/dislikes questions was administered
for the 2 major parties was randomized ('likes' always preceding
dislikes).
2000 NOTE:
same as 1996
2004 NOTE:
same as 1996
2008 NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.
2012 NOTE:
Party-candidate codes have not yet been coded for the 2012 Time Series.
It is unclear how the new coding will integrate with this file.
2016 NOTE:
Same as 2012.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520021
1956: V560018
1958: V580018
1960: V600023
1964: V640024
1968: V680031
1972: V720037
1976: V763106,V763107,V763108,V763109,V763110
1978: V780109,V780110,V780111,V780112,V780113
1980: V800191,V800192,V800193,V800194,V800195
1982: V820092,V820093,V820094,V820095,V820096,V820096
1984: V840285,V840286,V840287,V840288,V840289
1986: V860091,V860092,V860093,V860094,V860095
1988: V880201,V880202,V880203,V880204,V880205
1990: V900092,V900093,V900094,V900095,V900096,V900097
1992: V923420,V923421,V923422,V923423,V923424
1994: V940150,V940151,V940152,V940153,V940154
1996: V960320,V960321,V960322,V960323,V960324
2000: V000392,V000393,V000394,V000395,V000396
2004: V043059
===================================================================================================
VCF0320	

Republican Party: Affect (Likes-Dislikes)

QUESTION:
---------
Affect toward Republican Party

MISSING CODES:
--------------
99. No Pre IW; form II (1972); form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not 
    administered in assigned half sample (1996)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
This is the number of Republican party 'likes' minus the number of
Republican party 'dislikes'  (VCF0318-VCF0319).

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF0321	

Republican Party: Salience (Likes-Dislikes)

QUESTION:
---------
Salience of Republican Party

VALID CODES:
------------
0. Zero mentions
.
.
10. Ten mentions

MISSING CODES:
--------------
99. No Pre IW; form II (1972); form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not 
    administered in assigned half sample (1996)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
This is the number of Republican party 'likes' plus the number of
Republican party 'dislikes'  (VCF0318+VCF0319)

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF0322	

Major Parties: Affect (Likes-Dislikes)

QUESTION:
---------
Net affect toward major parties

MISSING CODES:
--------------
999. No Pre IW; form II (1972); form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not 
     administered in assigned half sample (1996)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
The net affect toward parties is the difference between two sums:
the sum of Democratic party 'likes' and Republican party 'dislikes'
MINUS the sum of Democratic party 'dislikes' and Republican party
'likes:'     [VCF0314+VCF0319] - [VCF0315+VCF0318]
which is the same as:   VCF0316 - VCF0320

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF0323	

Major Parties: Salience (Likes-Dislikes)

QUESTION:
---------
Major party salience

VALID CODES:
------------
0. Zero mentions
.
.
20. Twenty mentions

MISSING CODES:
--------------
99. No Pre IW; form II (1972); form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not 
    administered in assigned half-sample (1996)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Party salience is the sum of all 'likes' and 'dislikes' about both
the Democratic and Republican parties:
[VCF0314 + VCF0315 + VCF0318 + VCF0319]
which is the same as:   VCF0317 + VCF0321

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF0324	

Major Parties: Relative Salience (Likes-Dislikes)

QUESTION:
---------
Relative salience of major parties

MISSING CODES:
--------------
999. No Pre IW; form II (1972); form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not 
     administered in assigned half-sample (1996)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Relative salience of parties is the sum of 'likes' and 'dislikes'
about the Democratic party MINUS the sum of 'likes' and 'dislikes'
about the Republican party:   [VCF0314+VCF0315] - [VCF0318+VCF0319]
which is the same as:   VCF0317 - VCF0321

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V840323
1986: V860550
1988: V881014
1992: V923635
1996: V960421
2000: V001642a
2002: V025082
2004: V043121
2008: V083178e
===================================================================================================
	

QUESTION:
---------
POLITICAL FIGURE TRAITS - GENERAL TEXT

I am going to read a list of words and phrases people may use to
describe political figures...
Think about [NAME].
The first phrase is [TRAIT]  In your opinion, does the phrase [TRAIT] 
describe [NAME] extremely well, quite well, not too well or not well at 
all?  (What about) [NEXT TRAIT]?

NOTES:
------
1984 NOTE:
Presidential trait vars appeared in both the pre and post; the pre is 
represented here.
1988 NOTE:
Form A respondents were asked in the Pre, and Form B respondents were 
asked in the Post.
1996 NOTE:
Traits were administered in random order; order of Presidential 
candidates (including the President) was also in random order.
1998 NOTE:
Order of traits was randomized.
2000 NOTE:
Respondents were randomly selected to be administered Clinton traits in 
either the pre or the post.  The order of traits was randomized.
2002 NOTE:
Respondents were randomly selected to be administered one of two sets 
of traits.  In the first set traits included VCF342 and VCF343; in the 
second set, VCF338, VCF344, and VCF345.  Each set of traits was 
randomly assigned to one of two possible orders.
2004 NOTE:
same as 1996.
2008 NOTE:
2008 NOTE:
Traits were administered in 2 versions; version "J" corresponds
to the version here; the remaining respondents were administered
alternative version "K".
Traits were administered in random order; order of Presidential 
candidates (including the President) was also in random order.
A half-sample of respondents were administered the traits questions
with response options in reverse order.
2012 NOTE:
Not coded comparably in 2012.
===================================================================================================
VCF0338	

President- Intelligent

QUESTION:
---------
President trait- Intelligent

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Extremely well
2. Quite well
3. Not too well
4. Not well at all

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA
0. Form B (1986)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
A list of presidents since 1980 includes:
Carter 1980; Reagan 1982,1984,1986, 1988; George Bush Sr.
1992; Clinton 1994,1996,1998,2000; George W. Bush 2002,2004,2008.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V840323
1986: V860550
1988: V881014
1992: V923635
1996: V960421
2000: V001642a
2002: V025082
2004: V043121
2008: V083178e
===================================================================================================
VCF0339	

President- Compassionate

QUESTION:
---------
President trait - compassionate

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Extremely well
2. Quite well
3. Not too well
4. Not well at all

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA
0. Form B (1986)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0338.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of presidents since 1980 includes:
Carter 1980; Reagan 1982,1984,1986, 1988; George Bush Sr.
1992; Clinton 1994,1996,1998,2000; George W. Bush 2002,2004,2008.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V840321
1986: V860551
1988: V881015
1992: V923636
1996: V960422
===================================================================================================
VCF0340	

President- Decent

QUESTION:
---------
President trait - decent

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Extremely well
2. Quite well
3. Not too well
4. Not well at all

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA
0. Form B (1986)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0338.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of presidents since 1980 includes:
Carter 1980; Reagan 1982,1984,1986, 1988; George Bush Sr.
1992; Clinton 1994,1996,1998,2000; George W. Bush 2002,2004,2008.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V840320
1986: V860555
1988: V881019
===================================================================================================
VCF0341	

President- Inspiring

QUESTION:
---------
President trait- inspiring

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Extremely well
2. Quite well
3. Not too well
4. Not well at all

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA
0. Form B (1986)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0338.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of presidents since 1980 includes:
Carter 1980; Reagan 1982,1984,1986, 1988; George Bush Sr.
1992; Clinton 1994,1996,1998,2000; George W. Bush 2002,2004,2008.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800397
1982: V820382
1984: V840326
1986: V860553
1988: V881017
1992: V923638
1996: V960425
===================================================================================================
VCF0342	

President- Knowledgeable

QUESTION:
---------
President trait - knowledgeable

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Extremely well
2. Quite well
3. Not too well
4. Not well at all

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA
0. Form B (1986); R selected for Post administration and no Post IW 
   (2000); R not selected for this trait (2002); no Post IW; split 
   versions: not asked (2008)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0338.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of presidents since 1980 includes:
Carter 1980; Reagan 1982,1984,1986, 1988; George Bush Sr.
1992; Clinton 1994,1996,1998,2000; George W. Bush 2002,2004,2008.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800395
1982: V820380
1984: V840327
1986: V860557
1988: V881021
1992: V923641
1994: V940923
1996: V960428
1998: V980432
2000: V001639a
2002: V025078
2004: V043120
2008: V083178d
===================================================================================================
VCF0343	

President- Moral

QUESTION:
---------
President trait - moral

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Extremely well
2. Quite well
3. Not too well
4. Not well at all

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA
0. Form B (1986); R selected for Post administration and no Post IW 
   (2000); R not selected for this trait (2002); no Post IW; split 
   versions: not asked (2008)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0338.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of presidents since 1980 includes:
Carter 1980; Reagan 1982,1984,1986, 1988; George Bush Sr.
1992; Clinton 1994,1996,1998,2000; George W. Bush 2002,2004,2008.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800392
1982: V820377
1984: V840324
1986: V860552
1988: V881016
1992: V923637
1994: V940920
1996: V960423
1998: V980430
2000: V001637a
2002: V025076
2004: V043117
2008: V083178a
===================================================================================================
VCF0344	

President- Leadership

QUESTION:
---------
President trait - provides strong leadership

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Extremely well
2. Quite well
3. Not too well
4. Not well at all

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA
0. Form B (1986); R selected for Post administration and no Post IW 
   (2000); R not selected for this trait (2002); no Post IW; split 
   versions: not asked (2008)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0338.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of presidents since 1980 includes:
Carter 1980; Reagan 1982,1984,1986, 1988; George Bush Sr.
1992; Clinton 1994,1996,1998,2000; George W. Bush 2002,2004,2008.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800399
1982: V820384
1984: V840330
1986: V860554
1988: V881018
1992: V923639
1994: V940921
1996: V960426
1998: V980434
2000: V001640a
2002: V025079
2004: V043118
2008: V083178b
===================================================================================================
VCF0345	

President- Cares

QUESTION:
---------
President trait - really cares about people like you

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Extremely well
2. Quite well
3. Not too well
4. Not well at all

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA
0. Form B (1986); R selected for Post administration and no Post IW 
   (2000); R not selected for this trait (2002); no Post IW; split 
   versions: not asked (2008)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0338.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of presidents since 1980 includes:
Carter 1980; Reagan 1982,1984,1986, 1988; George Bush Sr.
1992; Clinton 1994,1996,1998,2000; George W. Bush 2002,2004,2008.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V840329
1986: V860556
1988: V881020
1992: V923640
1994: V940922
1996: V960427
1998: V980431
2000: V001638a
2002: V025080
2004: V043119
2008: V083178c
===================================================================================================
	

QUESTION:
---------
POLITICAL FIGURE AFFECTS - GENERAL TEXT

YEARS PRIOR TO 2016:
Now we would like to know something about the feelings you have toward
[NAME]. Has [NAME] -- because of the kind of person he is, or because of
something he has done -- made you feel [AFFECT]?

2016: 
Has [NONRUNNING PRESIDENT] -- because of the kind of person he is or 
because of something he has done, ever made you feel: [AFFECT]. How often 
would you say you've felt [AFFECT] /
Now we would like to know something about the feelings you 
have toward the candidates for President. I am going to name a 
candidate, and I want you to tell me whether something about 
that person, or something he or she has done, has made you have 
certain feelings like anger or pride.
Think about [PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE].
How often would you say you've felt [AFFECT] because of the kind of person 
[PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE]  is or because of something HE/SHE has done?

NOTES:
------
2016 NOTE:
Single question.
1980 NOTE:
"Don't know" was combined with "no" (code 2).
1982 NOTE:
same as 1980.
1984 NOTE 1:
Reagan affect variables appeared in both the pre and post: the pre
is represented.
1984 NOTE 2:
"Don't know" was combined with NA (code 9).  
1988 NOTE:
Form A respondents were asked affects in the Pre, and Form B 
respondents were asked in the Post.
1996 NOTE:
Affects were administered in random order; order of Presidential 
candidates (including the President) was also in random order.
1998: 
Affects were administered in random order.
2000 NOTE 1:
Respondents were randomly assigned to be administered affects in either
the pre or the post.  
2000 NOTE 2:
The order of affects was randomized.
2004 NOTE:
same as 1996.
2008 NOTE:
same as 1996.
===================================================================================================
VCF0346	

President- Angry

QUESTION:
---------
President affect:  angry

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes, have felt
2. No, haven't felt (1980,1982 only: DK)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK (exc. 1980-1984)
9. NA (1984 only: DK)
0. Form B (1986); no Post IW; R selected for Post administration and 
   no Post IW (2000)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
2016 NOTE:
For 2016, data were collapsed from the answers to, "How often has.."
(no separate answers to a lead-in "Have you ever�").
GENERAL NOTE:
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of presidents since 1980 includes:
Carter 1980; Reagan 1982,1984,1986, 1988; George Bush Sr.
1992; Clinton 1994,1996,1998,2000; George W. Bush 2002,2004,2008.
Barack Obama: 2012,2016

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800127
1982: V820386
1984: V840212
1986: V860542
1988: V881023
1992: V923501
1994: V940835
1996: V960341
1998: V980389
2000: V001629a
2004: V043069
2008: V083174
2012: candaff_angdpc
2016: V161236
===================================================================================================
VCF0347	

President- Afraid

QUESTION:
---------
President affect:  afraid (of him)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes, have felt
2. No, haven't felt (1980,1982 only: DK)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK (exc. 1980-1984)
9. NA (1984 only: DK)
0. Form B (1986); no Post IW; R selected for Post administration and 
   no Post IW (2000)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
2016 NOTE:
For 2016, data were collapsed from the answers to, "How often has.."
(no separate answers to a lead-in "Have you ever�").
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for affects preceding VCF0346.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of presidents since 1980 includes:
Carter 1980; Reagan 1982,1984,1986, 1988; George Bush Sr.
1992; Clinton 1994,1996,1998,2000; George W. Bush 2002,2004,2008.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800129
1982: V820388
1984: V840214
1986: V860544
1988: V881025
1992: V923503
1994: V940837
1996: V960345
1998: V980393
2000: V001633a
2004: V043073
2008: V083176
2012: candaff_afrdpc
===================================================================================================
VCF0348	

President- Hopeful

QUESTION:
---------
President affect:  hopeful

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes, have felt
2. No, haven't felt (1980,1982 only: DK)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK (exc. 1980-1984)
9. NA (1984 only: DK)
0. Form B (1986); no Post IW; R selected for Post administration and 
   no Post IW (2000)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
2016 NOTE:
For 2016, data were collapsed from the answers to, "How often has.."
(no separate answers to a lead-in "Have you ever�").
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for affects preceding VCF0346.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of presidents since 1980 includes:
Carter 1980; Reagan 1982,1984,1986, 1988; George Bush Sr.
1992; Clinton 1994,1996,1998,2000; George W. Bush 2002,2004,2008.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800128
1982: V820387
1984: V840213
1986: V860543
1988: V881024
1992: V923502
1994: V940836
1996: V960343
1998: V980391
2000: V001631a
2004: V043071
2008: V083175
2012: candaff_hpdpc
===================================================================================================
VCF0349	

President- Proud

QUESTION:
---------
President affect:  proud

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes, have felt
2. No, haven't felt (1980,1982 only: DK)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK (exc. 1980-1984)
9. NA (1984 only: DK)
0. Form B (1986); no Post IW; R selected for Post administration and 
   no Post IW (2000)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
2016 NOTE:
For 2016, data were collapsed from the answers to, "How often has.."
(no separate answers to a lead-in "Have you ever�").
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for affects preceding VCF0346.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of presidents since 1980 includes:
Carter 1980; Reagan 1982,1984,1986, 1988; George Bush Sr.
1992; Clinton 1994,1996,1998,2000; George W. Bush 2002,2004,2008.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800130
1982: V820389
1984: V840215
1986: V860545
1988: V881026
1992: V923504
1994: V940838
1996: V960347
1998: V980395
2000: V001635a
2004: V043075
2008: V083177
2012: candaff_prddpc
2016: V161237
===================================================================================================
VCF0350	

Democratic Presidential Cand- Intelligent

QUESTION:
---------
Democratic Presidential candidate trait - intelligent

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Extremely well
2. Quite well
3. Not too well
4. Not well at all

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA
INAP, split versions: not asked (2008)

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0338.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of Democratic presidential candidates since
1980 includes: Jimmy Carter in 1980; Walter Mondale 1984;
Michael Dukakis 1988; Bill Clinton 1992,1996; Al Gore 2000;
John Kerry 2004; Barack Obama 2008.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V840339
1988: V880284
1992: V923644
1996: V960421
2000: V000529
2004: V043128
2008: V083099e
===================================================================================================
VCF0351	

Democratic Presidential Cand- Compassionate

QUESTION:
---------
Democratic Presidential candidate trait - compassionate

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Extremely well
2. Quite well
3. Not too well
4. Not well at all

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0338.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of Democratic presidential candidates since
1980 includes: Jimmy Carter in 1980; Walter Mondale 1984;
Michael Dukakis 1988; Bill Clinton 1992,1996; Al Gore 2000;
John Kerry 2004; Barack Obama 2008.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V840337
1988: V880285
1992: V923645
1996: V960422
===================================================================================================
VCF0352	

Democratic Presidential Cand- Decent

QUESTION:
---------
Democratic Presidential candidate trait - decent

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Extremely well
2. Quite well
3. Not too well
4. Not well at all

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0338.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of Democratic presidential candidates since
1980 includes: Jimmy Carter in 1980; Walter Mondale 1984;
Michael Dukakis 1988; Bill Clinton 1992,1996; Al Gore 2000;
John Kerry 2004; Barack Obama 2008.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V840336
1988: V880289
===================================================================================================
VCF0353	

Democratic Presidential Cand- Inspiring

QUESTION:
---------
Democratic Presidential candidate trait - inspiring

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Extremely well
2. Quite well
3. Not too well
4. Not well at all

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0338.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of Democratic presidential candidates since
1980 includes: Jimmy Carter in 1980; Walter Mondale 1984;
Michael Dukakis 1988; Bill Clinton 1992,1996; Al Gore 2000;
John Kerry 2004; Barack Obama 2008.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800397
1984: V840342
1988: V880287
1992: V923647
1996: V960425
===================================================================================================
VCF0354	

Democratic Presidential Cand- Knowledgeable

QUESTION:
---------
Democratic Presidential candidate trait - knowledgeable

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Extremely well
2. Quite well
3. Not too well
4. Not well at all

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA
INAP, split versions: not asked (2008)

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0338.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of Democratic presidential candidates since
1980 includes: Jimmy Carter in 1980; Walter Mondale 1984;
Michael Dukakis 1988; Bill Clinton 1992,1996; Al Gore 2000;
John Kerry 2004; Barack Obama 2008.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800395
1984: V840343
1988: V880291
1992: V923650
1996: V960428
2000: V000526
2004: V043127
2008: V083099d
===================================================================================================
VCF0355	

Democratic Presidential Cand- Moral

QUESTION:
---------
Democratic Presidential candidate trait - moral

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Extremely well
2. Quite well
3. Not too well
4. Not well at all

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA
INAP, split versions: not asked (2008)

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0338.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of Democratic presidential candidates since
1980 includes: Jimmy Carter in 1980; Walter Mondale 1984;
Michael Dukakis 1988; Bill Clinton 1992,1996; Al Gore 2000;
John Kerry 2004; Barack Obama 2008.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800392
1984: V840340
1988: V880286
1992: V923646
1996: V960423
2000: V000524
2004: V043124
2008: V083099a
===================================================================================================
VCF0356	

Democratic Presidential Cand- Leadership

QUESTION:
---------
Democratic Presidential candidate trait - provides strong leadership

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Extremely well
2. Quite well
3. Not too well
4. Not well at all

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA
INAP, split versions: not asked (2008)

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0338.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of Democratic presidential candidates since
1980 includes: Jimmy Carter in 1980; Walter Mondale 1984;
Michael Dukakis 1988; Bill Clinton 1992,1996; Al Gore 2000;
John Kerry 2004; Barack Obama 2008.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800399
1984: V840346
1988: V880288
1992: V923648
1996: V960426
2000: V000527
2004: V043125
2008: V083099b
===================================================================================================
VCF0357	

Democratic Presidential Cand- Cares

QUESTION:
---------
Democratic Presidential candidate trait - really cares about people
like you

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Extremely well
2. Quite well
3. Not too well
4. Not well at all

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA
INAP, split versions: not asked (2008)

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0338.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of Democratic presidential candidates since
1980 includes: Jimmy Carter in 1980; Walter Mondale 1984;
Michael Dukakis 1988; Bill Clinton 1992,1996; Al Gore 2000;
John Kerry 2004; Barack Obama 2008.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V840345
1988: V880290
1992: V923649
1996: V960427
2000: V000525
2004: V043126
2008: V083099c
===================================================================================================
VCF0358	

Democratic Presidential Cand- Angry

QUESTION:
---------
Democratic Presidential candidate affect:  angry

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes, have felt
2. No, haven't felt (1980 only: DK)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK (exc. 1980,1984)
9. NA (1984 only: DK)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
2016 NOTE:
For 2016, data were collapsed from the answers to, "How often has.."
There was no lead-in question "Have you ever�".
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0346.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of Democratic presidential candidates since
1980 includes: Jimmy Carter in 1980; Walter Mondale 1984;
Michael Dukakis 1988; Bill Clinton 1992,1996; Al Gore 2000;
John Kerry 2004, Barack Obama 2008.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800127
1984: V840219
1988: V880218
1992: V923505
1996: V960341
2000: V000407
2004: V043077
2008: V083061
2012: candaff_angdpc
2016: V161116
===================================================================================================
VCF0359	

Democratic Presidential Cand- Afraid

QUESTION:
---------
Democratic Presidential candidate affect:  afraid (of him/her)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes, have felt
2. No, haven't felt (1980 only: DK)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK (exc. 1980,1984)
9. NA (1984 only: DK)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
2016 NOTE:
For 2016, data were collapsed from the answers to, "How often has.."
There was no lead-in question "Have you ever�".
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0346.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of Democratic presidential candidates since
1980 includes: Jimmy Carter in 1980; Walter Mondale 1984;
Michael Dukakis 1988; Bill Clinton 1992,1996; Al Gore 2000;
John Kerry 2004, Barack Obama 2008.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800129
1984: V840221
1988: V880220
1992: V923507
1996: V960345
2000: V000411
2004: V043081
2008: V083063
2012: candaff_afrdpc
2016: V161118
===================================================================================================
VCF0360	

Democratic Presidential Cand- Hopeful

QUESTION:
---------
Democratic Presidential candidate affect:  hopeful

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes, have felt
2. No, haven't felt (1980 only: DK)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK (exc. 1980,1984)
9. NA (1984 only: DK)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
2016 NOTE:
For 2016, data were collapsed from the answers to, "How often has.."
There was no lead-in question "Have you ever�".
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0346.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of Democratic presidential candidates since
1980 includes: Jimmy Carter in 1980; Walter Mondale 1984;
Michael Dukakis 1988; Bill Clinton 1992,1996; Al Gore 2000;
John Kerry 2004, Barack Obama 2008.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800128
1984: V840220
1988: V880219
1992: V923506
1996: V960343
2000: V000409
2004: V043079
2008: V083062
2012: candaff_hpdpc
2016: V161117
===================================================================================================
VCF0361	

Democratic Presidential Cand- Proud

QUESTION:
---------
Democratic Presidential candidate affect:  proud

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes, have felt
2. No, haven't felt (1980 only: DK)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK (exc. 1980,1984)
9. NA (1984 only: DK)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
2016 NOTE:
For 2016, data were collapsed from the answers to, "How often has.."
There was no lead-in question "Have you ever�".
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0346.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of Democratic presidential candidates since
1980 includes: Jimmy Carter in 1980; Walter Mondale 1984;
Michael Dukakis 1988; Bill Clinton 1992,1996; Al Gore 2000;
John Kerry 2004, Barack Obama 2008.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800130
1984: V840222
1988: V880221
1992: V923508
1996: V960347
2000: V000413
2004: V043083
2008: V083064
2012: candaff_prddpc
2016: V161119
===================================================================================================
VCF0362	

Republican Presidential Cand- Intelligent

QUESTION:
---------
Republican Presidential candidate trait - intelligent

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Extremely well
2. Quite well
3. Not too well
4. Not well at all

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA
INAP, split versions: not asked (2008)

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0338.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of Republican presidential candidates since
1980 includes: Ronald Reagan 1980,1984; George Bush 1988,1992;
Bob Dole 1996; George W. Bush 2000,2004; John McCain 2008.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V840323
1988: V880275
1992: V923635
2000: V000536
2004: V043121
2008: V083101e
===================================================================================================
VCF0363	

Republican Presidential Cand- Compassionate

QUESTION:
---------
Republican Presidential candidate trait - compassionate

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Extremely well
2. Quite well
3. Not too well
4. Not well at all

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0338.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of Republican presidential candidates since
1980 includes: Ronald Reagan 1980,1984; George Bush 1988,1992;
Bob Dole 1996; George W. Bush 2000,2004; John McCain 2008.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V840321
1988: V880276
1992: V923636
===================================================================================================
VCF0364	

Republican Presidential Cand- Decent

QUESTION:
---------
Republican Presidential candidate trait - decent

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Extremely well
2. Quite well
3. Not too well
4. Not well at all

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0338.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of Republican presidential candidates since
1980 includes: Ronald Reagan 1980,1984; George Bush 1988,1992;
Bob Dole 1996; George W. Bush 2000,2004; John McCain 2008.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V840320
1988: V880280
===================================================================================================
VCF0365	

Republican Presidential Cand- Inspiring

QUESTION:
---------
Republican Presidential candidate trait - inspiring

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Extremely well
2. Quite well
3. Not too well
4. Not well at all

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0338.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of Republican presidential candidates since
1980 includes: Ronald Reagan 1980,1984; George Bush 1988,1992;
Bob Dole 1996; George W. Bush 2000,2004; John McCain 2008.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800379
1984: V840326
1988: V880278
1992: V923638
1996: V960434
===================================================================================================
VCF0366	

Republican Presidential Cand- Knowledgeable

QUESTION:
---------
Republican Presidential candidate trait - knowledgeable

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Extremely well
2. Quite well
3. Not too well
4. Not well at all

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA
INAP, split versions: not asked (2008)

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0338.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of Republican presidential candidates since
1980 includes: Ronald Reagan 1980,1984; George Bush 1988,1992;
Bob Dole 1996; George W. Bush 2000,2004; John McCain 2008.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800377
1984: V840327
1988: V880282
1992: V923641
1996: V960437
2000: V000533
2004: V043120
2008: V083101d
===================================================================================================
VCF0367	

Republican Presidential Cand- Moral

QUESTION:
---------
Republican Presidential candidate trait - moral

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Extremely well
2. Quite well
3. Not too well
4. Not well at all

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA
INAP, split versions: not asked (2008)

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0338.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of Republican presidential candidates since
1980 includes: Ronald Reagan 1980,1984; George Bush 1988,1992;
Bob Dole 1996; George W. Bush 2000,2004; John McCain 2008.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800374
1984: V840324
1988: V880277
1992: V923637
1996: V960432
2000: V000531
2004: V043117
2008: V083101a
===================================================================================================
VCF0368	

Republican Presidential Cand- Leadership

QUESTION:
---------
Republican Presidential candidate trait - provides strong leadership

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Extremely well
2. Quite well
3. Not too well
4. Not well at all

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA
INAP, split versions: not asked (2008)

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0338.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of Republican presidential candidates since
1980 includes: Ronald Reagan 1980,1984; George Bush 1988,1992;
Bob Dole 1996; George W. Bush 2000,2004; John McCain 2008.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800381
1984: V840330
1988: V880279
1992: V923639
1996: V960435
2000: V000534
2004: V043118
2008: V083101b
===================================================================================================
VCF0369	

Republican Presidential Cand- Cares

QUESTION:
---------
Republican Presidential candidate trait - really cares about people
like you

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Extremely well
2. Quite well
3. Not too well
4. Not well at all

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA
INAP, split versions: not asked (2008)

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0338.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of Republican presidential candidates since
1980 includes: Ronald Reagan 1980,1984; George Bush 1988,1992;
Bob Dole 1996; George W. Bush 2000,2004; John McCain 2008.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V840329
1988: V880281
1992: V923640
1996: V960436
2000: V000532
2004: V043119
2008: V083101c
===================================================================================================
VCF0370	

Republican Presidential Cand- Angry

QUESTION:
---------
Republican Presidential candidate affect:  angry

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes, have felt
2. No, haven't felt (1980 only: DK)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK (exc. 1980,1984)
9. NA (1984 only: DK)
Inap. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0346.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of Republican presidential candidates since
1980 includes: Ronald Reagan 1980,1984; George Bush 1988,1992;
Bob Dole 1996; George W. Bush 2000,2004; John McCain 2008.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800113
1984: V840212
1988: V880214
1992: V923501
1996: V960349
2000: V000415
2004: V043069
2008: V083065
2012: candaff_angrpc
2016: V161121
===================================================================================================
VCF0371	

Republican Presidential Cand- Afraid

QUESTION:
---------
Republican Presidential candidate affect:  afraid (of him)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes, have felt
2. No, haven't felt (1980 only: DK)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK (exc. 1980,1984)
9. NA (1984 only: DK)
Inap. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0346.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of Republican presidential candidates since
1980 includes: Ronald Reagan 1980,1984; George Bush 1988,1992;
Bob Dole 1996; George W. Bush 2000,2004; John McCain 2008.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800115
1984: V840214
1988: V880216
1992: V923503
1996: V960353
2000: V000419
2004: V043073
2008: V083067
2012: candaff_afrrpc
2016: V161123
===================================================================================================
VCF0372	

Republican Presidential Cand- Hopeful

QUESTION:
---------
Republican Presidential candidate affect:  hopeful

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes, have felt
2. No, haven't felt (1980 only: DK)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK (exc. 1980,1984)
9. NA (1984 only: DK)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0346.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of Republican presidential candidates since
1980 includes: Ronald Reagan 1980,1984; George Bush 1988,1992;
Bob Dole 1996; George W. Bush 2000,2004; John McCain 2008.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800114
1984: V840213
1988: V880215
1992: V923502
1996: V960351
2000: V000417
2004: V043071
2008: V083066
2012: candaff_hprpc
2016: V161122
===================================================================================================
VCF0373	

Republican Presidential Cand- Proud

QUESTION:
---------
Republican Presidential candidate affect:  proud

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes, have felt
2. No, haven't felt (1980 only: DK)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK (exc. 1980,1984)
9. NA (1984 only: DK)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0346.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of Republican presidential candidates since
1980 includes: Ronald Reagan 1980,1984; George Bush 1988,1992;
Bob Dole 1996; George W. Bush 2000,2004; John McCain 2008.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800116
1984: V840215
1988: V880217
1992: V923504
1996: V960355
2000: V000421
2004: V043075
2008: V083068
2012: candaff_prdrpc
2016: V161124
===================================================================================================
VCF0374	

Likes Anything about Democratic party

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Democratic
party?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. RF; NA
INAP. no Pre IW; form II (1972); form B  (1986); form A (1990); 
      question not administered in assigned half sample (1996); question 
      not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0314.
This question was not present as a separate variable until 1972.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720030
1976: V763087
1978: V780090
1980: V800172
1982: V820073
1984: V840266
1986: V860072
1988: V880182
1990: V900074
1992: V923401
1994: V940131
1996: V960325
2000: V000373
2004: V043052
2008: V083045
2012: ptylik_likdp
2016: V161097
===================================================================================================
VCF0375a	

1972-2004 Mention 1: Like About Democratic Party

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Democratic Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8888. DK (mention 1 only)
8889. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0374;  form II (1972); form B (1986); form A (1990); 
      questions not administered in assigned half sample (1996); question 
      not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0314.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972 AND LATER' master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0314, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file.  However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
2008 SPECIAL NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.
2012 NOTE:
Party-candidate codes have not yet been coded for the 2012 Time Series.
It is unclear how the new coding will integrate with this file.
2016 NOTE:
Same as 2012.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720031a
1976: V763088
1978: V780091
1980: V800173
1982: V820074
1984: V840267
1986: V860073
1988: V880183
1990: V900075
1992: V923402
1994: V940132
1996: V960326
2000: V000374
2004: V043053a
===================================================================================================
VCF0375b	

1972-2004 Mention 1: Like About Democratic Party COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Democratic Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
88. DK (mention 1 only)
89. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0374;  form II (1972); form B (1986); form A (1990); 
      questions not administered in assigned half sample (1996); question 
      not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0375a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720031a
1976: V763088
1978: V780091
1980: V800173
1982: V820074
1984: V840267
1986: V860073
1988: V880183
1990: V900075
1992: V923402
1994: V940132
1996: V960326
2000: V000374
2004: V043053a
===================================================================================================
VCF0375c	

1952-1968 Mention 1: Like About Democratic Party

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Democratic Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0011-9980

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9987.DK much about party
9988. DK (mention 1 only)
9989. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0374; no Pre IW

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0314.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520018a
1956: V560015a
1958: V580015a
1960: V600020a
1964: V640021a
1968: V680028a
===================================================================================================
VCF0375d	

1952-1968 Mention 1: Like About Democratic Party COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Democratic Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
01. People within party
02. Government management
03. Government activity, government philosophy
04. Domestic policies, welfare and economic
05. Domestic policies, other
06. Foreign policy
07. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
08. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
09. General party attitudes/responses
10. Other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
87.Don't know much about party/candidate; not involved in politics
89. DK; RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0374; no Pre IW

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0375c.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520018a
1956: V560015a
1958: V580015a
1960: V600020a
1964: V640021a
1968: V680028a
===================================================================================================
VCF0376a	

1972-2004 Mention 2: Like About Democratic Party

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Democratic Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0374;
      form II (1972); form B (1986); form A (1990);
      questions not administered in assigned half sample
      (1996); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0314.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972 AND LATER' master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0314, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file.  However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
2008 SPECIAL NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.
2012 NOTE:
Party-candidate codes have not yet been coded for the 2012 Time Series.
It is unclear how the new coding will integrate with this file.
2016 NOTE:
Same as 2012.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720031b
1976: V763089
1978: V780092
1980: V800174
1982: V820075
1984: V840268
1986: V860074
1988: V880184
1990: V900076
1992: V923403
1994: V940133
1996: V960327
2000: V000375
2004: V043053b
===================================================================================================
VCF0376b	

1972-2004 Mention 2: Like About Democratic Party COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Democratic Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0374;
      form II (1972); form B (1986); form A (1990);
      questions not administered in assigned half sample
      (1996); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0376a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720031b
1976: V763089
1978: V780092
1980: V800174
1982: V820075
1984: V840268
1986: V860074
1988: V880184
1990: V900076
1992: V923403
1994: V940133
1996: V960327
2000: V000375
2004: V043053b
===================================================================================================
VCF0376c	

1952-1968 Mention 2: Like About Democratic Party

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Democratic Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0011-9980

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0374; no Pre IW

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0314.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520018b
1956: V560015b
1958: V580015b
1960: V600020b
1964: V640021b
1968: V680028b
===================================================================================================
VCF0376d	

1952-1968 Mention 2: Like About Democratic Party COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Democratic Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
01. People within party
02. Government management
03. Government activity, government philosophy
04. Domestic policies, welfare and economic
05. Domestic policies, other
06. Foreign policy
07. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
08. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
09. General party attitudes/responses
10. Other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0374; no Pre IW

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0376c.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520018b
1956: V560015b
1958: V580015b
1960: V600020b
1964: V640021b
1968: V680028b
===================================================================================================
VCF0377a	

1972-2004 Mention 3: Like About Democratic Party

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Democratic Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0374; form II (1972); 
      form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not administered in 
      assigned half sample(1996); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0314.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972 AND LATER' master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0314, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file.  However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
2008 SPECIAL NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.
2012 NOTE:
Party-candidate codes have not yet been coded for the 2012 Time Series.
It is unclear how the new coding will integrate with this file.
2016 NOTE:
Same as 2012.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720031c
1976: V763090
1978: V780093
1980: V800175
1982: V820076
1984: V840269
1986: V860075
1988: V880185
1990: V900077
1992: V923404
1994: V940134
1996: V960328
2000: V000376
2004: V043053c
===================================================================================================
VCF0377b	

1972-2004 Mention 3: Like About Democratic Party COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Democratic Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0374; form II (1972); 
      form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned 
      half sample (1996); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0377a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720031c
1976: V763090
1978: V780093
1980: V800175
1982: V820076
1984: V840269
1986: V860075
1988: V880185
1990: V900077
1992: V923404
1994: V940134
1996: V960328
2000: V000376
2004: V043053c
===================================================================================================
VCF0377c	

1952-1968 Mention 3: Like About Democratic Party

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Democratic Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0011-9980

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0374; no Pre IW

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0314.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520018c
1956: V560015c
1958: V580015c
1960: V600020c
1964: V640021c
1968: V680028c
===================================================================================================
VCF0377d	

1952-1968 Mention 3: Like About Democratic Party COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Democratic Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
01. People within party
02. Government management
03. Government activity, government philosophy
04. Domestic policies, welfare and economic
05. Domestic policies, other
06. Foreign policy
07. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
08. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
09. General party attitudes/responses
10. Other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0374; no Pre IW

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0377c.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520018c
1956: V560015c
1958: V580015c
1960: V600020c
1964: V640021c
1968: V680028c
===================================================================================================
VCF0378a	

1972-2004 Mention 4: Like About Democratic Party

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Democratic Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0374; form II (1972); 
      form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned 
      half sample (1996); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0314.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972 AND LATER' master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0314, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file.  However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
2008 SPECIAL NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.
2012 NOTE:
Party-candidate codes have not yet been coded for the 2012 Time Series.
It is unclear how the new coding will integrate with this file.
2016 NOTE:
Same as 2012.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1976: V763091
1978: V780094
1980: V800176
1982: V820077
1984: V840270
1986: V860076
1988: V880186
1990: V900078
1992: V923405
1994: V940135
1996: V960329
2000: V000377
2004: V043053d
===================================================================================================
VCF0378b	

1972-2004 Mention 4: Like About Democratic Party COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Democratic Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0374; form II (1972); 
      form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned 
      half sample (1996); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0378a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1976: V763091
1978: V780094
1980: V800176
1982: V820077
1984: V840270
1986: V860076
1988: V880186
1990: V900078
1992: V923405
1994: V940135
1996: V960329
2000: V000377
2004: V043053d
===================================================================================================
VCF0378c	

1952-1968 Mention 4: Like About Democratic Party

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Democratic Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0011-9980

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0374; no Pre IW

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0314.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520018d
1956: V560015d
1958: V580015d
1960: V600020d
1964: V640021d
1968: V680028d
===================================================================================================
VCF0378d	

1952-1968 Mention 4: Like About Democratic Party COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Democratic Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
01. People within party
02. Government management
03. Government activity, government philosophy
04. Domestic policies, welfare and economic
05. Domestic policies, other
06. Foreign policy
07. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
08. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
09. General party attitudes/responses
10. Other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0374; no Pre IW

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0378c.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520018d
1956: V560015d
1958: V580015d
1960: V600020d
1964: V640021d
1968: V680028d
===================================================================================================
VCF0379a	

1972-2004 Mention 5: Like About Democratic Party

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Democratic Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0374; form II (1972); 
      form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned 
      half sample (1996); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0314.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972 AND LATER' master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0314, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file.  However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
2008 SPECIAL NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.
2012 NOTE:
Party-candidate codes have not yet been coded for the 2012 Time Series.
It is unclear how the new coding will integrate with this file.
2016 NOTE:
Same as 2012.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1976: V763092
1978: V780095
1980: V800177
1982: V820078
1984: V840271
1986: V860077
1988: V880187
1990: V900079
1992: V923406
1994: V940136
1996: V960330
2000: V000378
2004: V043053e
===================================================================================================
VCF0379b	

1972-2004 Mention 5: Like About Democratic Party COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Democratic Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0374; form II (1972); 
      form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned 
      half sample (1996); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0379a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1976: V763092
1978: V780095
1980: V800177
1982: V820078
1984: V840271
1986: V860077
1988: V880187
1990: V900079
1992: V923406
1994: V940136
1996: V960330
2000: V000378
2004: V043053e
===================================================================================================
VCF0379c	

1952-1968 Mention 5: Like About Democratic Party

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Democratic Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0011-9980

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0374; no Pre IW

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0314.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520018e
1956: V560015e
1958: V580015e
1960: V600020e
1964: V640021e
1968: V680028e
===================================================================================================
VCF0379d	

1952-1968 Mention 5: Like About Democratic Party COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Democratic Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
01. People within party
02. Government management
03. Government activity, government philosophy
04. Domestic policies, welfare and economic
05. Domestic policies, other
06. Foreign policy
07. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
08. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
09. General party attitudes/responses
10. Other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0374; no Pre IW

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0379c.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520018e
1956: V560015e
1958: V580015e
1960: V600020e
1964: V640021e
1968: V680028e
===================================================================================================
VCF0380	

Dislikes Anything about Democratic party

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you don't like about the Democratic
party?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. RF; NA
INAP. no Pre IW; form II (1972); form B  (1986); form A (1990); question 
      not dministered in assigned half sample 1996); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0315.
This question was not present as a separate variable until 1972.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720032
1976: V763093
1978: V780096
1980: V800178
1982: V820079
1984: V840272
1986: V860078
1988: V880188
1990: V900080
1992: V923407
1994: V940137
1996: V960331
2000: V000379
2004: V043054
2008: V083047
2012: ptylik_disldp
2016: V161100
===================================================================================================
VCF0381a	

1972-2004 Mention 1: Dislike About Democratic Party

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you don't like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don't like about the Democratic Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8888. DK (mention 1 only)
8889. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0380;  form II (1972); form B (1986); form A (1990); 
      questions not administered in assigned half sample (1996); question 
      not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0315.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972 AND LATER' master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0315, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file.  However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
2008 SPECIAL NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.
2012 NOTE:
Party-candidate codes have not yet been coded for the 2012 Time Series.
It is unclear how the new coding will integrate with this file.
2016 NOTE:
Same as 2012.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720033a
1976: V763094
1978: V780097
1980: V800179
1982: V820080
1984: V840273
1986: V860079
1988: V880189
1990: V900081
1992: V923408
1994: V940138
1996: V960332
2000: V000380
2004: V043055a
===================================================================================================
VCF0381b	

1972-2004 Mention 1: Dislike About Democratic Party COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you don't like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don't like about the Democratic Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
88. DK (mention 1 only)
89. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0380;  form II (1972); form B (1986); form A (1990); 
      questions not administered in assigned half sample (1996); question 
      not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0381a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720033a
1976: V763094
1978: V780097
1980: V800179
1982: V820080
1984: V840273
1986: V860079
1988: V880189
1990: V900081
1992: V923408
1994: V940138
1996: V960332
2000: V000380
2004: V043055a
===================================================================================================
VCF0381c	

1952-1968 Mention 1: Dislike About Democratic Party

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you don't like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don't like about the Democratic Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0011-9980

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9987.DK much about party
9988. DK (mention 1 only)
9989. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0380; no Pre IW

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520019a
1956: V560016a
1958: V580016a
1960: V600021a
1964: V640022a
1968: V680029a
===================================================================================================
VCF0381d	

1952-1968 Mention 1: Dislike About Democratic Party COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you don't like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don't like about the Democratic Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
01. People within party
02. Government management
03. Government activity, government philosophy
04. Domestic policies, welfare and economic
05. Domestic policies, other
06. Foreign policy
07. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
08. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
09. General party attitudes/responses
10. Other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
87.Don't know much about party/candidate; not involved in politics
89. DK; RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0380; no Pre IW

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0381c.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520019a
1956: V560016a
1958: V580016a
1960: V600021a
1964: V640022a
1968: V680029a
===================================================================================================
VCF0382a	

1972-2004 Mention 2: Dislike About Democratic Party

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you don't like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don't like about the Democratic Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0380; form II (1972); 
      form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned 
      half sample (1996); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0315.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972 AND LATER' master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0315, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file.  However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
2008 SPECIAL NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.
2012 NOTE:
Party-candidate codes have not yet been coded for the 2012 Time Series.
It is unclear how the new coding will integrate with this file.
2016 NOTE:
Same as 2012.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720033b
1976: V763095
1978: V780098
1980: V800180
1982: V820081
1984: V840274
1986: V860080
1988: V880190
1990: V900082
1992: V923409
1994: V940139
1996: V960333
2000: V000381
2004: V043055b
===================================================================================================
VCF0382b	

1972-2004 Mention 2: Dislike About Democratic Party COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you don't like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don't like about the Democratic Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0380; form II (1972); 
      form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned 
      half sample (1996); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0382a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720033b
1976: V763095
1978: V780098
1980: V800180
1982: V820081
1984: V840274
1986: V860080
1988: V880190
1990: V900082
1992: V923409
1994: V940139
1996: V960333
2000: V000381
2004: V043055b
===================================================================================================
VCF0382c	

1952-1968 Mention 2: Dislike About Democratic Party

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you don't like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don't like about the Democratic Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0011-9980

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0380; no Pre IW

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520019b
1956: V560016b
1958: V580016b
1960: V600021b
1964: V640022b
1968: V680029b
===================================================================================================
VCF0382d	

1952-1968 Mention 2: Dislike About Democratic Party COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you don't like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don't like about the Democratic Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
01. People within party
02. Government management
03. Government activity, government philosophy
04. Domestic policies, welfare and economic
05. Domestic policies, other
06. Foreign policy
07. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
08. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
09. General party attitudes/responses
10. Other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0380; no Pre IW

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0382c.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520019b
1956: V560016b
1958: V580016b
1960: V600021b
1964: V640022b
1968: V680029b
===================================================================================================
VCF0383a	

1972-2004 Mention 3: Dislike About Democratic Party

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you don't like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don't like about the Democratic Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0380; form II (1972); 
      form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned 
      half sample (1996); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0315.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972 AND LATER' master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0315, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file.  However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
2008 SPECIAL NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.
2012 NOTE:
Party-candidate codes have not yet been coded for the 2012 Time Series.
It is unclear how the new coding will integrate with this file.
2016 NOTE:
Same as 2012.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720033c
1976: V763096
1978: V780099
1980: V800181
1982: V820082
1984: V840275
1986: V860081
1988: V880191
1990: V900083
1992: V923410
1994: V940140
1996: V960334
2000: V000382
2004: V043055e
===================================================================================================
VCF0383b	

1972-2004 Mention 3: Dislike About Democratic Party COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you don't like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don't like about the Democratic Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0380; form II (1972); 
      form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned 
      half sample (1996); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0383a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720033c
1976: V763096
1978: V780099
1980: V800181
1982: V820082
1984: V840275
1986: V860081
1988: V880191
1990: V900083
1992: V923410
1994: V940140
1996: V960334
2000: V000382
2004: V043055e
===================================================================================================
VCF0383c	

1952-1968 Mention 3: Dislike About Democratic Party

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you don't like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don't like about the Democratic Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0011-9980

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0380; no Pre IW

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520019c
1956: V560016c
1958: V580016c
1960: V600021c
1964: V640022c
1968: V680029c
===================================================================================================
VCF0383d	

1952-1968 Mention 3: Dislike About Democratic Party COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you don't like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don't like about the Democratic Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
01. People within party
02. Government management
03. Government activity, government philosophy
04. Domestic policies, welfare and economic
05. Domestic policies, other
06. Foreign policy
07. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
08. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
09. General party attitudes/responses
10. Other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0380; no Pre IW

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0383c.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520019c
1956: V560016c
1958: V580016c
1960: V600021c
1964: V640022c
1968: V680029c
===================================================================================================
VCF0384a	

1972-2004 Mention 4: Dislike About Democratic Party

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you don't like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don't like about the Democratic Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0380; form II (1972); 
      form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned 
      half sample (1996); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0315.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972 AND LATER' master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0315, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file.  However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
2008 SPECIAL NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.
2012 NOTE:
Party-candidate codes have not yet been coded for the 2012 Time Series.
It is unclear how the new coding will integrate with this file.
2016 NOTE:
Same as 2012.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1976: V763097
1978: V780100
1980: V800182
1982: V820083
1984: V840276
1986: V860082
1988: V880192
1990: V900084
1992: V923411
1994: V940141
1996: V960335
2000: V000383
2004: V043055d
===================================================================================================
VCF0384b	

1972-2004 Mention 4: Dislike About Democratic Party COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you don't like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don't like about the Democratic Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0380; form II (1972); 
      form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned 
      half sample (1996); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0384a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1976: V763097
1978: V780100
1980: V800182
1982: V820083
1984: V840276
1986: V860082
1988: V880192
1990: V900084
1992: V923411
1994: V940141
1996: V960335
2000: V000383
2004: V043055d
===================================================================================================
VCF0384c	

1952-1968 Mention 4: Dislike About Democratic Party

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you don't like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don't like about the Democratic Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0011-9980

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0380; no Pre IW

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520019d
1956: V560016d
1958: V580016d
1960: V600021d
1964: V640022d
1968: V680029d
===================================================================================================
VCF0384d	

1952-1968 Mention 4: Dislike About Democratic Party COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you don't like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don't like about the Democratic Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
01. People within party
02. Government management
03. Government activity, government philosophy
04. Domestic policies, welfare and economic
05. Domestic policies, other
06. Foreign policy
07. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
08. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
09. General party attitudes/responses
10. Other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0380; no Pre IW

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0384c.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520019d
1956: V560016d
1958: V580016d
1960: V600021d
1964: V640022d
1968: V680029d
===================================================================================================
VCF0385a	

1972-2004 Mention 5: Dislike About Democratic Party

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you don't like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don't like about the Democratic Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0380; form II (1972); 
      form B (1986);  form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned 
      half sample (1996); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0315.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972 AND LATER' master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0315, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file.  However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
2008 SPECIAL NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.
2012 NOTE:
Party-candidate codes have not yet been coded for the 2012 Time Series.
It is unclear how the new coding will integrate with this file.
2016 NOTE:
Same as 2012.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1976: V763098
1978: V780101
1980: V800183
1982: V820084
1984: V840277
1986: V860083
1988: V880193
1990: V900085
1992: V923412
1994: V940142
1996: V960336
2000: V000384
2004: V043055e
===================================================================================================
VCF0385b	

1972-2004 Mention 5: Dislike About Democratic Party COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you don't like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don't like about the Democratic Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0380; form II (1972); 
      form B (1986);  form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned 
      half sample (1996); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0385a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1976: V763098
1978: V780101
1980: V800183
1982: V820084
1984: V840277
1986: V860083
1988: V880193
1990: V900085
1992: V923412
1994: V940142
1996: V960336
2000: V000384
2004: V043055e
===================================================================================================
VCF0385c	

1952-1968 Mention 5: Dislike About Democratic Party

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you don't like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don't like about the Democratic Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0011-9980

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0380; no Pre IW

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520019e
1956: V560016e
1958: V580016e
1960: V600021e
1964: V640022e
1968: V680029e
===================================================================================================
VCF0385d	

1952-1968 Mention 5: Dislike About Democratic Party COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you don't like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don't like about the Democratic Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
01. People within party
02. Government management
03. Government activity, government philosophy
04. Domestic policies, welfare and economic
05. Domestic policies, other
06. Foreign policy
07. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
08. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
09. General party attitudes/responses
10. Other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0380; no Pre IW

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0385c.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520019e
1956: V560016e
1958: V580016e
1960: V600021e
1964: V640022e
1968: V680029e
===================================================================================================
VCF0386	

Likes Anything about Republican party

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Republican
party?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. RF; NA
INAP. no Pre IW; form II (1972); form B  (1986); form A (1990);
     question not administered in assigned half sample (1996); 
     question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0318.
This question was not present as a separate variable until 1972.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520020
1956: V560017
1958: V580017
1960: V600022
1964: V640023
1968: V680030
1972: V720034
1976: V763099
1978: V780102
1980: V800184
1982: V820085
1984: V840278
1986: V860084
1988: V880194
1990: V900086
1992: V923413
1994: V940143
1996: V960313
2000: V000385
2004: V043056
2008: V083049
2012: ptylik_likrp
2016: V161103
===================================================================================================
VCF0387a	

1972-2004 Mention 1: Like About Republican Party

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Republican Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8888. DK (mention 1 only)
8889. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0386;  form II (1972); form B (1986); form A (1990); 
      questions not administered in assigned half sample (1996); question 
      not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0318.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972 AND LATER' master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0318, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file.  However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
2008 SPECIAL NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.
2012 NOTE:
Party-candidate codes have not yet been coded for the 2012 Time Series.
It is unclear how the new coding will integrate with this file.
2016 NOTE:
Same as 2012.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720035a
1976: V763100
1978: V780103
1980: V800185
1982: V820092
1984: V840279
1986: V860085
1988: V880195
1990: V900087
1992: V923414
1994: V940144
1996: V960314
2000: V000392
2004: V043057a
===================================================================================================
VCF0387b	

1972-2004 Mention 1: Like About Republican Party COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Republican Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
88. DK (mention 1 only)
89. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0386;  form II (1972); form B (1986); form A (1990); 
      questions not administered in assigned half sample (1996); question 
      not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0387a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720035a
1976: V763100
1978: V780103
1980: V800185
1982: V820092
1984: V840279
1986: V860085
1988: V880195
1990: V900087
1992: V923414
1994: V940144
1996: V960314
2000: V000392
2004: V043057a
===================================================================================================
VCF0387c	

1952-1968 Mention 1: Like About Republican Party

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Republican Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0011-9980

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9987.DK much about party
9988. DK (mention 1 only)
9989. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0386; no Pre IW

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520020a
1956: V560017a
1958: V580017a
1960: V600022a
1964: V640023a
1968: V680030a
===================================================================================================
VCF0387d	

1952-1968 Mention 1: Like About Republican Party COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Republican Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
01. People within party
02. Government management
03. Government activity, government philosophy
04. Domestic policies, welfare and economic
05. Domestic policies, other
06. Foreign policy
07. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
08. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
09. General party attitudes/responses
10. Other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
87.Don't know much about party/candidate; not involved in politics
89. DK; RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0386; no Pre IW

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0387c.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520020a
1956: V560017a
1958: V580017a
1960: V600022a
1964: V640023a
1968: V680030a
===================================================================================================
VCF0388a	

1972-2004 Mention 2: Like About Republican Party

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Republican Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0386; form II (1972); 
      form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned 
      half sample (1996); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0318.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972 AND LATER' master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0318, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file.  However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
2008 SPECIAL NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.
2012 NOTE:
Party-candidate codes have not yet been coded for the 2012 Time Series.
It is unclear how the new coding will integrate with this file.
2016 NOTE:
Same as 2012.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720035b
1976: V763101
1978: V780104
1980: V800186
1982: V820086
1984: V840280
1986: V860086
1988: V880196
1990: V900088
1992: V923415
1994: V940145
1996: V960315
2000: V000387
2004: V043057b
===================================================================================================
VCF0388b	

1972-2004 Mention 2: Like About Republican Party COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Republican Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0386; form II (1972); 
      form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned 
      half sample (1996); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0388a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720035b
1976: V763101
1978: V780104
1980: V800186
1982: V820086
1984: V840280
1986: V860086
1988: V880196
1990: V900088
1992: V923415
1994: V940145
1996: V960315
2000: V000387
2004: V043057b
===================================================================================================
VCF0388c	

1952-1968 Mention 2: Like About Republican Party

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Republican Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0011-9980

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0386; no Pre IW

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520020b
1956: V560017b
1958: V580017b
1960: V600022b
1964: V640023b
1968: V680030b
===================================================================================================
VCF0388d	

1952-1968 Mention 2: Like About Republican Party COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Republican Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
01. People within party
02. Government management
03. Government activity, government philosophy
04. Domestic policies, welfare and economic
05. Domestic policies, other
06. Foreign policy
07. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
08. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
09. General party attitudes/responses
10. Other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0386; no Pre IW

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0388c.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520020b
1956: V560017b
1958: V580017b
1960: V600022b
1964: V640023b
1968: V680030b
===================================================================================================
VCF0389a	

1972-2004 Mention 3: Like About Republican Party

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Republican Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0386; form II (1972); 
      form B (1986);  form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned 
      half sample (1996); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0318.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972 AND LATER' master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0318, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file.  However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
2008 SPECIAL NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.
2012 NOTE:
Party-candidate codes have not yet been coded for the 2012 Time Series.
It is unclear how the new coding will integrate with this file.
2016 NOTE:
Same as 2012.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720035c
1976: V763102
1978: V780105
1980: V800187
1982: V820088
1984: V840281
1986: V860087
1988: V881097
1990: V900089
1992: V923416
1994: V940146
1996: V960316
2000: V000388
2004: V043057c
===================================================================================================
VCF0389b	

1972-2004 Mention 3: Like About Republican Party COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Republican Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0386; form II (1972); 
      form B (1986);  form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned 
      half sample (1996); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0389a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720035c
1976: V763102
1978: V780105
1980: V800187
1982: V820088
1984: V840281
1986: V860087
1988: V881097
1990: V900089
1992: V923416
1994: V940146
1996: V960316
2000: V000388
2004: V043057c
===================================================================================================
VCF0389c	

1952-1968 Mention 3: Like About Republican Party

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Republican Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0011-9980

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0386; no Pre IW

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520020c
1956: V560017c
1958: V580017c
1960: V600022c
1964: V640023c
1968: V680030c
===================================================================================================
VCF0389d	

1952-1968 Mention 3: Like About Republican Party COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Republican Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
01. People within party
02. Government management
03. Government activity, government philosophy
04. Domestic policies, welfare and economic
05. Domestic policies, other
06. Foreign policy
07. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
08. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
09. General party attitudes/responses
10. Other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0386; no Pre IW

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0389c.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520020c
1956: V560017c
1958: V580017c
1960: V600022c
1964: V640023c
1968: V680030c
===================================================================================================
VCF0390a	

1972-2004 Mention 4: Like About Republican Party

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Republican Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0386; form II (1972); 
      form B (1986);  form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned 
      half sample (1996); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0318.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972 AND LATER' master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0318, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file.  However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
2008 SPECIAL NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.
2012 NOTE:
Party-candidate codes have not yet been coded for the 2012 Time Series.
It is unclear how the new coding will integrate with this file.
2016 NOTE:
Same as 2012.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1976: V763103
1978: V780106
1980: V800188
1982: V820089
1984: V840282
1986: V860088
1988: V880198
1990: V900090
1992: V923417
1994: V940147
1996: V960317
2000: V000389
2004: V043057d
===================================================================================================
VCF0390b	

1972-2004 Mention 4: Like About Republican Party COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Republican Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0386; form II (1972); 
      form B (1986);  form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned 
      half sample (1996); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0390a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1976: V763103
1978: V780106
1980: V800188
1982: V820089
1984: V840282
1986: V860088
1988: V880198
1990: V900090
1992: V923417
1994: V940147
1996: V960317
2000: V000389
2004: V043057d
===================================================================================================
VCF0390c	

1952-1968 Mention 4: Like About Republican Party

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Republican Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0011-9980

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0386; no Pre IW

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520020d
1956: V560017d
1958: V580017d
1960: V600022d
1964: V640023d
1968: V680030d
===================================================================================================
VCF0390d	

1952-1968 Mention 4: Like About Republican Party COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Republican Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
01. People within party
02. Government management
03. Government activity, government philosophy
04. Domestic policies, welfare and economic
05. Domestic policies, other
06. Foreign policy
07. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
08. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
09. General party attitudes/responses
10. Other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0386; no Pre IW

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0390c.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520020d
1956: V560017d
1958: V580017d
1960: V600022d
1964: V640023d
1968: V680030d
===================================================================================================
VCF0391a	

1972-2004 Mention 5: Like About Republican Party

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Republican Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0386; form II (1972); 
      form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned 
      half sample (1996); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0318.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972 AND LATER' master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0318, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file.  However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
2008 SPECIAL NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.
2012 NOTE:
Party-candidate codes have not yet been coded for the 2012 Time Series.
It is unclear how the new coding will integrate with this file.
2016 NOTE:
Same as 2012.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1976: V763104
1978: V780107
1980: V800189
1982: V820090
1984: V840283
1986: V860089
1988: V880199
1990: V900091
1992: V923418
1994: V940148
1996: V960318
2000: V000390
2004: V043057e
===================================================================================================
VCF0391b	

1972-2004 Mention 5: Like About Republican Party COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Republican Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0386; form II (1972); 
      form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned 
      half sample (1996); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0391a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1976: V763104
1978: V780107
1980: V800189
1982: V820090
1984: V840283
1986: V860089
1988: V880199
1990: V900091
1992: V923418
1994: V940148
1996: V960318
2000: V000390
2004: V043057e
===================================================================================================
VCF0391c	

1952-1968 Mention 5: Like About Republican Party

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Republican Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0011-9980

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0386; no Pre IW

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520020e
1956: V560017e
1958: V580017e
1960: V600022e
1964: V640023e
1968: V680030e
===================================================================================================
VCF0391d	

1952-1968 Mention 5: Like About Republican Party COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Republican Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
01. People within party
02. Government management
03. Government activity, government philosophy
04. Domestic policies, welfare and economic
05. Domestic policies, other
06. Foreign policy
07. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
08. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
09. General party attitudes/responses
10. Other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0386; no Pre IW

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0391c.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520020e
1956: V560017e
1958: V580017e
1960: V600022e
1964: V640023e
1968: V680030e
===================================================================================================
VCF0392	

Dislikes Anything about Republican party

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you don't like about the Republican
party?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. RF; NA
INAP. no Pre IW; form II (1972); form B  (1986); form A (1990);
      question not administered in assigned half sample (1996); 
      question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0319.
This question was not present as a separate variable until 1972.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720036
1976: V763105
1978: V780108
1980: V800190
1982: V820091
1984: V840284
1986: V860090
1988: V880200
1990: V900092
1992: V923419
1994: V940149
1996: V960319
2000: V000391
2004: V043058
2008: V083051
2012: ptylik_dislrp
2016: V161106
===================================================================================================
VCF0393a	

1972-2004 Mention 1: Dislike About Republican Party

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you don't like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don't like about the Republican Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8888. DK (mention 1 only)
8889. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0392;  form II (1972); form B (1986); form A (1990); 
      questions not administered in assigned half sample (1996); question 
      not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0319.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972 AND LATER' master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0319, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file.  However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
2008 SPECIAL NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.
2012 NOTE:
Party-candidate codes have not yet been coded for the 2012 Time Series.
It is unclear how the new coding will integrate with this file.
2016 NOTE:
Same as 2012.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720037a
1976: V763106
1978: V780109
1980: V800191
1982: V820092
1984: V840285
1986: V860091
1988: V880201
1990: V900093
1992: V923420
1994: V940150
1996: V960320
2000: V000392
2004: V043059a
===================================================================================================
VCF0393b	

1972-2004 Mention 1: Dislike About Republican Party COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you don't like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don't like about the Republican Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
88. DK (mention 1 only)
89. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0392;  form II (1972); form B (1986); form A (1990); 
      questions not administered in assigned half sample (1996); question 
      not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0393a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720037a
1976: V763106
1978: V780109
1980: V800191
1982: V820092
1984: V840285
1986: V860091
1988: V880201
1990: V900093
1992: V923420
1994: V940150
1996: V960320
2000: V000392
2004: V043059a
===================================================================================================
VCF0393c	

1952-1968 Mention 1: Dislike About Republican Party

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you don't like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don't like about the Republican Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0011-9980

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9987.DK much about party
9988. DK (mention 1 only)
9989. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0392; no Pre IW

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520021a
1956: V560018a
1958: V580018a
1960: V600023a
1964: V640024a
1968: V680031a
===================================================================================================
VCF0393d	

1952-1968 Mention 1: Dislike About Republican Party COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you don't like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don't like about the Republican Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
01. People within party
02. Government management
03. Government activity, government philosophy
04. Domestic policies, welfare and economic
05. Domestic policies, other
06. Foreign policy
07. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
08. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
09. General party attitudes/responses
10. Other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
87.Don't know much about party/candidate; not involved in politics
89. DK; RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0392; no Pre IW

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0393c.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520021a
1956: V560018a
1958: V580018a
1960: V600023a
1964: V640024a
1968: V680031a
===================================================================================================
VCF0394a	

1972-2004 Mention 2: Dislike About Republican Party

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you don't like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don't like about the Republican Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0392; form II (1972); 
      form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned 
      half sample (1996); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0319.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972 AND LATER' master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0319, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file.  However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
2008 SPECIAL NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.
2012 NOTE:
Party-candidate codes have not yet been coded for the 2012 Time Series.
It is unclear how the new coding will integrate with this file.
2016 NOTE:
Same as 2012.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720037b
1976: V763107
1978: V780110
1980: V800192
1982: V820093
1984: V840286
1986: V860092
1988: V880202
1990: V900094
1992: V923421
1994: V940151
1996: V960321
2000: V000393
2004: V043059b
===================================================================================================
VCF0394b	

1972-2004 Mention 2: Dislike About Republican Party COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you don't like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don't like about the Republican Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0392; form II (1972); 
      form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned 
      half sample (1996); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0394a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720037b
1976: V763107
1978: V780110
1980: V800192
1982: V820093
1984: V840286
1986: V860092
1988: V880202
1990: V900094
1992: V923421
1994: V940151
1996: V960321
2000: V000393
2004: V043059b
===================================================================================================
VCF0394c	

1952-1968 Mention 2: Dislike About Republican Party

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you don't like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don't like about the Republican Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0011-9980

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0392; no Pre IW

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520021b
1956: V560018b
1958: V580018b
1960: V600023b
1964: V640024b
1968: V680031b
===================================================================================================
VCF0394d	

1952-1968 Mention 2: Dislike About Republican Party COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you don't like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don't like about the Republican Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
01. People within party
02. Government management
03. Government activity, government philosophy
04. Domestic policies, welfare and economic
05. Domestic policies, other
06. Foreign policy
07. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
08. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
09. General party attitudes/responses
10. Other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0392; no Pre IW

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0394c.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520021b
1956: V560018b
1958: V580018b
1960: V600023b
1964: V640024b
1968: V680031b
===================================================================================================
VCF0395a	

1972-2004 Mention 3: Dislike About Republican Party

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you don't like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don't like about the Republican Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0392; form II (1972); 
      form B (1986);  form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned 
      half sample (1996); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0319.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972 AND LATER' master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0319, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file.  However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
2008 SPECIAL NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.
2012 NOTE:
Party-candidate codes have not yet been coded for the 2012 Time Series.
It is unclear how the new coding will integrate with this file.
2016 NOTE:
Same as 2012.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720037c
1976: V763108
1978: V780111
1980: V800193
1982: V820094
1984: V840287
1986: V860093
1988: V880203
1990: V900095
1992: V923422
1994: V940152
1996: V960322
2000: V000394
2004: V043059c
===================================================================================================
VCF0395b	

1972-2004 Mention 3: Dislike About Republican Party COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you don't like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don't like about the Republican Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0392; form II (1972); 
      form B (1986);  form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned 
      half sample (1996); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0395a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720037c
1976: V763108
1978: V780111
1980: V800193
1982: V820094
1984: V840287
1986: V860093
1988: V880203
1990: V900095
1992: V923422
1994: V940152
1996: V960322
2000: V000394
2004: V043059c
===================================================================================================
VCF0395c	

1952-1968 Mention 3: Dislike About Republican Party

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you don't like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don't like about the Republican Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0011-9980

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0392; no Pre IW

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520021c
1956: V560018c
1958: V580018c
1960: V600023c
1964: V640024c
1968: V680031c
===================================================================================================
VCF0395d	

1952-1968 Mention 3: Dislike About Republican Party COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you don't like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don't like about the Republican Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
01. People within party
02. Government management
03. Government activity, government philosophy
04. Domestic policies, welfare and economic
05. Domestic policies, other
06. Foreign policy
07. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
08. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
09. General party attitudes/responses
10. Other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0392; no Pre IW

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0395c.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520021c
1956: V560018c
1958: V580018c
1960: V600023c
1964: V640024c
1968: V680031c
===================================================================================================
VCF0396a	

1972-2004 Mention 4: Dislike About Republican Party

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you don't like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don't like about the Republican Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0392; form II (1972); 
      form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned 
      half sample (1996); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0319.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972 AND LATER' master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0319, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file.  However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
2008 SPECIAL NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.
2012 NOTE:
Party-candidate codes have not yet been coded for the 2012 Time Series.
It is unclear how the new coding will integrate with this file.
2016 NOTE:
Same as 2012.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1976: V763109
1978: V780112
1980: V800194
1982: V820095
1984: V840288
1986: V860094
1988: V880204
1990: V900096
1992: V923423
1994: V940153
1996: V960323
2000: V000395
2004: V043059d
===================================================================================================
VCF0396b	

1972-2004 Mention 4: Dislike About Republican Party COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you don't like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don't like about the Republican Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0392; form II (1972); 
      form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned 
      half sample (1996); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0396a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1976: V763109
1978: V780112
1980: V800194
1982: V820095
1984: V840288
1986: V860094
1988: V880204
1990: V900096
1992: V923423
1994: V940153
1996: V960323
2000: V000395
2004: V043059d
===================================================================================================
VCF0396c	

1952-1968 Mention 4: Dislike About Republican Party

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you don't like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don't like about the Republican Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0011-9980

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0392; no Pre IW

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520021d
1956: V560018d
1958: V580018d
1960: V600023d
1964: V640024d
1968: V680031d
===================================================================================================
VCF0396d	

1952-1968 Mention 4: Dislike About Republican Party COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you don't like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don't like about the Republican Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
01. People within party
02. Government management
03. Government activity, government philosophy
04. Domestic policies, welfare and economic
05. Domestic policies, other
06. Foreign policy
07. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
08. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
09. General party attitudes/responses
10. Other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0392; no Pre IW

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0396c.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520021d
1956: V560018d
1958: V580018d
1960: V600023d
1964: V640024d
1968: V680031d
===================================================================================================
VCF0397a	

1972-2004 Mention 5: Dislike About Republican Party

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you don't like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don't like about the Republican Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0392; form II (1972);
      form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned 
      half sample (1996); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0319.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972 AND LATER' master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0319, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file.  However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
2008 SPECIAL NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.
2012 NOTE:
Party-candidate codes have not yet been coded for the 2012 Time Series.
It is unclear how the new coding will integrate with this file.
2016 NOTE:
Same as 2012.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1976: V763110
1978: V780113
1980: V800195
1982: V820096
1984: V840289
1986: V860095
1988: V880205
1990: V900097
1992: V923424
1994: V940154
1996: V960324
2000: V000396
2004: V043059e
===================================================================================================
VCF0397b	

1972-2004 Mention 5: Dislike About Republican Party COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you don't like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don't like about the Republican Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0392; form II (1972);
      form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned 
      half sample (1996); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0397a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1976: V763110
1978: V780113
1980: V800195
1982: V820096
1984: V840289
1986: V860095
1988: V880205
1990: V900097
1992: V923424
1994: V940154
1996: V960324
2000: V000396
2004: V043059e
===================================================================================================
VCF0397c	

1952-1968 Mention 5: Dislike About Republican Party

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you don't like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don't like about the Republican Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0011-9980

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0392; no Pre IW

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520021e
1956: V560018e
1958: V580018e
1960: V600023e
1964: V640024e
1968: V680031e
===================================================================================================
VCF0397d	

1952-1968 Mention 5: Dislike About Republican Party COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you don't like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don't like about the Republican Party]?

VALID CODES:
------------
01. People within party
02. Government management
03. Government activity, government philosophy
04. Domestic policies, welfare and economic
05. Domestic policies, other
06. Foreign policy
07. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
08. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
09. General party attitudes/responses
10. Other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0392; no Pre IW

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0397c.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520021e
1956: V560018e
1958: V580018e
1960: V600023e
1964: V640024e
1968: V680031e
===================================================================================================
VCF0401	

Democratic Presidential Cand: Respondent Likes - Number of Mentions

QUESTION:
---------
Now I'd like to ask you about the good and bad points of the two
(1996 and later: 'the major') candidates for President.
Is there anything in particular about [Democratic presidential
candidate] that might make you want to vote for him?  What is that?
Anything else?

VALID CODES:
------------
0. Zero positive mentions (likes)
1. One positive mention (likes)
2. Two positive mentions (likes)
3. Three positive mentions (likes)
4. Four positive mentions (likes)
5. Five positive mentions (likes)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. No Pre IW; form II (1972); abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Five possible mentions were coded in all original ANES datasets.
MD category 9 comprises cases of systematic question exclusion,
i.e., when a question was not present within a form or wave. Rs
who responded 'no' to 'Is there anything in particular that you
like about [Democratic Presidential candidate]?' have been coded
here as 0 mentions; Rs coded DK or NA in response have also been
coded here as 0 mentions.  In addition, Rs who responded 'yes'
BUT who provided no mentions (DK or NA in first mention) have
been coded 0. Democratic Presidential Candidates: Stevenson 1952,
1956; Kennedy 1960; Johnson 1964; Humphrey 1968; McGovern 1972;
Carter 1976,1980; Mondale 1984; Dukakis 1988; Clinton 1992, 1996;
Gore 2000; Kerry 2004.
1996 NOTE:
The order in which the set of likes/dislikes questions was administered
for the 2 major parties was randomized ('likes' always preceding
dislikes).
2000 NOTE:
see 1996 NOTE.
2004 NOTE:
see 1996 NOTE.
2008 NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.
2012 NOTE:
Party-candidate codes have not yet been coded for the 2012 Time Series.
It is unclear how the new coding will integrate with this file.
2016 NOTE:
Same as 2012.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520027
1956: V560019
1960: V600024
1964: V640025
1968: V680032
1972: V720039
1976: V763112,V763113,V763114,V763115,V763116
1980: V800102,V800103,V800104,V800105,V800106
1984: V840094,V840095,V840096,V840097,V840098
1988: V880116,V880117,V880118,V880119,V880120
1992: V923122,V923123,V923124,V923125,V923126
1996: V960206,V960207,V960208,V960209,V960210
2000: V000306,V000307,V000308,V000309,V000310
2004: V043011
===================================================================================================
VCF0402	

Democratic Presidential Cand: Respondent Dislikes - Number of Mentions

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about [Democratic presidential
candidate] that might make you want to vote against him?
What is that?  Anything else?

VALID CODES:
------------
0. Zero negative mentions (dislikes)
1. One negative mention (dislikes)
2. Two negative mentions (dislikes)
3. Three negative mentions (dislikes)
4. Four negative mentions (dislikes)
5. Five negative mentions (dislikes)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. No Pre IW; form II (1972); abbrev. IW form (1980)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Five possible mentions were coded in all original ANES datasets.
MD category 9 comprises cases of systematic question exclusion,
i.e., when a question was not present within a form or wave.
Rs who responded 'no' to 'Is there anything in particular that
you don't like about [Democratic Presidential candidate]?' have
been coded here as 0 mentions; Rs coded DK or NA in response
have also been coded here as 0 mentions.  In addition, Rs who
responded 'yes' BUT who provided no mentions (DK or NA in first
mention) have been coded 0. Democratic Presidential Candidates:
Stevenson 1952,1956; Kennedy 1960; Johnson 1964; Humphrey 1968;
McGovern 1972; Carter 1976,1980; Mondale 1984; Dukakis 1988;
Clinton 1992, 1996; Gore 2000.
1996 NOTE:
The order in which the set of likes/dislikes questions was administered
for the 2 major parties was randomized ('likes' always preceding
dislikes).
2000 NOTE:
see 1996 NOTE.
2004 NOTE:
see 1996 NOTE.
2008 NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.
2012 NOTE:
Party-candidate codes have not yet been coded for the 2012 Time Series.
It is unclear how the new coding will integrate with this file.
2016 NOTE:
Same as 2012.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520028
1956: V560020
1960: V600025
1964: V640026
1968: V680033
1972: V720041
1976: V763118,V763119,V763120,V763121,V763122
1980: V800108,V800109,V800110,V800111,V800112
1984: V840100,V840101,V840102,V840103,V840104
1988: V880122,V880123,V880124,V880125,V880126
1992: V923128,V923129,V923130,V923131,V923132
1996: V960212,V960213,V960214,V960215,V960216
2000: V000312,V000313,V000314,V000315,V000316
2004: V043013
===================================================================================================
VCF0403	

Democratic Presidential Cand: Affect (Likes-Dislikes)

QUESTION:
---------
Affect toward Democratic Presidential candidate

MISSING CODES:
--------------
99. No Pre IW; form II (1972); abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
This is the number of Democratic presidential candidate 'likes'
minus the number of Democratic presidential candidate 'dislikes'
(VCF0401-VCF0402).

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF0404	

Democratic Presidential Cand: Salience (Likes-Dislikes)

QUESTION:
---------
Salience of Democratic Presidential candidate

VALID CODES:
------------
0. Zero mentions
.
.
10. Ten mentions

MISSING CODES:
--------------
99. No Pre IW; form II (1972); abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
This is the number of Democratic presidential candidate 'likes' plus
the number of Democratic presidential candidate 'dislikes'
(VCF0401+VCF0402)

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF0405	

Republican Presidential Cand: Respondent Likes - Number of Mentions

QUESTION:
---------
Now I'd like to ask you about the good and bad points of the two (1996
and later: the major) candidates for President.
Is there anything in particular about [Republican presidential
candidate] that might make you want to vote for him?  What is that?
Anything else?

VALID CODES:
------------
0. Zero positive mentions (likes)
1. One positive mention (likes)
2. Two positive mentions (likes)
3. Three positive mentions (likes)
4. Four positive mentions (likes)
5. Five positive mentions (likes)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. No Pre IW; form II (1972); abbrev. IW form (1980)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Five possible mentions were coded in all original ANES datasets.
MD category 9 comprises cases of systematic question exclusion,
i.e., when a question was not present within a form or wave.
Rs who responded 'no' to 'Is there anything in particular that
you like about [Republican Presidential candidate]?' have been
coded here as 0 mentions; Rs coded DK or NA in response have
also been coded here as 0 mentions.  In addition, Rs who
responded 'yes' BUT who provided no mentions (DK or NA in first
mention) have been coded 0. Republican Presidential Candidates:
Eisenhower 1952,1956; Nixon 1960, 1968, 1972; Goldwater 1964;
Ford 1976; Reagan 1980,1984; George Bush Sr. 1988,1992; Dole
1996; George W. Bush 2000,2004.
1996 NOTE:
The order in which the set of likes/dislikes questions was administered
for the 2 major parties was randomized ('likes' always preceding
dislikes).
2000 NOTE:
see 1996 NOTE.
2004 NOTE:
see 1996 NOTE.
2008 NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.
2012 NOTE:
Party-candidate codes have not yet been coded for the 2012 Time Series.
It is unclear how the new coding will integrate with this file.
2016 NOTE:
Same as 2012.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520029
1956: V560021
1960: V600026
1964: V640027
1968: V680034
1972: V720043
1976: V763124,V763125,V763126,V763127,V763128
1980: V800078,V800079,V800080,V800081,V800082
1984: V840082,V840083,V840084,V840085,V840086
1988: V880104,V880105,V880106,V880107,V880108
1992: V923110,V923111,V923112,V923113,V923114
1996: V960218,V960219,V960220,V960221,V960222
2000: V000318,V000319,V000320,V000321,V000322
2004: V043007
===================================================================================================
VCF0406	

Republican Presidential Cand: Respondent Dislikes - Number of Mentions

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about [Republican presidential
candidate] that might make you want to vote against him?
What is that?  Anything else?

VALID CODES:
------------
0. Zero negative mentions (dislikes)
1. One negative mention (dislikes)
2. Two negative mentions (dislikes)
3. Three negative mentions (dislikes)
4. Four negative mentions (dislikes)
5. Five negative mentions (dislikes)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. No Pre IW; form II (1972); abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Five possible mentions were coded in all original ANES datasets.
MD category 9 comprises cases of systematic question exclusion,
i.e., when a question was not present within a form or wave. Rs
who responded 'no' to 'Is there anything in particular that you
don't like about [Republican Presidential candidate]?' have been
coded here as 0 mentions; Rs coded DK or NA in response have also
been coded here as 0 mentions.  In addition, Rs who responded
'yes' BUT who provided no mentions (DK or NA in first mention)
have been coded 0. Republican Presidential Candidates: Eisenhower
1952,1956; Nixon 1960, 1968, 1972; Goldwater 1964; Ford 1976;
Reagan 1980,1984; George Bush Sr. 1988,1992; Dole 1996; George
W. Bush 2000,2004.
1996 NOTE:
The order in which the set of likes/dislikes questions was administered
for the 2 major parties was randomized ('likes' always preceding
dislikes).
2000 NOTE:
see 1996 NOTE.
2004 NOTE:
see 1996 NOTE.
2008 NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.
2012 NOTE:
Party-candidate codes have not yet been coded for the 2012 Time Series.
It is unclear how the new coding will integrate with this file.
2016 NOTE:
Same as 2012.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520030
1956: V560022
1960: V600027
1964: V640028
1968: V680035
1972: V720045
1976: V763130,V763131,V763132,V763133,V763134
1980: V800084,V800085,V800086,V800087,V800088
1984: V840088,V840089,V840090,V840091,V840092
1988: V880110,V880111,V880112,V880113,V880114
1992: V923116,V923117,V923118,V923119,V923120
1996: V960224,V960225,V960226,V960027,V960228
2000: V000324,V000325,V000326,V000327,V000328
2004: V043009
===================================================================================================
VCF0407	

Republican Presidential Cand: Affect (Likes-Dislikes)

QUESTION:
---------
Affect toward Republican Presidential candidate

MISSING CODES:
--------------
99. No Pre IW; form II (1972); abbrev. IW form (1980)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
This is the number of Republican presidential candidate 'likes' minus
the number of Republican presidential candidate 'dislikes'
(VCF0405-VCF0406).

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF0408	

Republican Presidential Cand: Salience (Likes-Dislikes)

QUESTION:
---------
Salience of Republican Presidential candidate

VALID CODES:
------------
0. Zero mentions
.
.
10. Ten mentions

MISSING CODES:
--------------
99. No Pre IW; form II (1972); abbrev. IW form (1980)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
This is the number of Republican presidential candidate 'likes'
plus the number of Republican presidential candidate 'dislikes'
(VCF0405+VCF0406).

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF0409	

Presidential Candidates: Affect (Likes-Dislikes)

QUESTION:
---------
Net affect toward Major party Presidential candidates

MISSING CODES:
--------------
999. No Pre IW; form II (1972)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
The net affect toward major party presidential candidates is the
difference between two sums:  the sum of Democratic presidential
candidate 'likes' and Republican presidential candidate 'dislikes'
MINUS the sum of Democratic presidential candidate 'dislikes' and
Republican presidential candidate 'likes:'
[VCF0401+VCF0406] - [VCF0402+VCF0405],
which is the same as:   VCF0403-VCF0407.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF0410	

Presidential Candidates: Salience (Likes-Dislikes)

QUESTION:
---------
Major party Presidential candidate salience

VALID CODES:
------------
0. Zero mentions
.
.
20. Twenty mentions

MISSING CODES:
--------------
99. No Pre IW; form II (1972); abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Major party presidential candidate salience is the sum of all 'likes'
and 'dislikes' about both the Democratic and Republican presidential
candidates:  [VCF0401+VCF0402 + VCF0405+VCF0406]
which is the same as:   VCF0404+VCF0408.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF0411	

Presidential Candidates: Relative Salience (Likes-Dislikes)

QUESTION:
---------
Major party relative salience of Presidential candidates

MISSING CODES:
--------------
999. No Pre IW; form II (1972); abbrev. IW form (1980)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Relative salience of major party presidential candidates is the sum of
'likes' and 'dislikes' about the Democratic presidential candidate
MINUS the sum of 'likes' and 'dislikes' about the Republican
presidential candidate:  [VCF0401+VCF0402] - [VCF0405+VCF0406]
which is the same as:   VCF0404-VCF0408

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF0412	

Thermometer Average - Presidential Candidates

QUESTION:
---------
Thermometers-- both Major party Presidential candidates

VALID CODES:
------------
0-97Degrees.

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK/don't recognize in VCF0424 or VCF0426
99. NA
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Built from VCF0424 and VCF0426 as: (VCF0424+VCF0426)/2.
Fractional results are rounded to the next highest integer.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF0413	

Thermometer Index - Presidential Candidates

QUESTION:
---------
Major party Presidential candidate thermometer index

VALID CODES:
------------
2. Most Republican
.
50. Neutral
.
99. Most Democratic

MISSING CODES:
--------------
998. DK/don't recognize in VCF0424 or VCF0426
999. NA
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Built from VCF0424 and VCF0426 as: (VCF0424-VCF0426 +100)/2.
Fractional results are rounded to the next highest integer.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF0414	

Thermometer Average - Vice-Presidential Candidates

QUESTION:
---------
Thermometers-- both Major party vice-Presidential candidates

VALID CODES:
------------
0-97Degrees.

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK/don't recognize in VCF0425 or VCF0427
99. NA
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Built from VCF0425 and VCF0427 as: (VCF0425+VCF0427)/2.
Fractional results are rounded to the next highest integer.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF0415	

Thermometer Index - Vice-Presidential Candidates

QUESTION:
---------
Major party vice-Presidential candidate thermometer index

VALID CODES:
------------
2. Most Republican
.
50. Neutral
.
99. Most Democratic

MISSING CODES:
--------------
998. DK/don't recognize in VCF0425 or VCF0427
999. NA
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Built from VCF0425 and VCF0427 as: (VCF0425-VCF0427 +100)/2.
Fractional results are rounded to the next highest integer.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
	

QUESTION:
---------
POLITICAL FIGURE THERMOMETER INTRO

1968-1974:  
(1968,1972: As you know, there were many people mentioned this past year 
as possible  candidates for President [1972: or Vice-President] by the 
political parties.)  
(1970: Several political leaders have already been mentioned as possible 
candidates for President in 1972.)  
(1968-1972: We would like to get your feelings toward some of these 
people.) 
(1974: Now I'd like to get your feelings toward some of our political 
leaders and other people who are in the news these days.)
I have here a card on which there is something that looks like a 
thermometer.  We call it a "feeling thermometer" because it measures  
your feelings toward these people. (1968: You probably remember that we 
used something like this in our earlier interview with you.) 
Here's how it works.  If you don't feel particularly warm or cold toward 
a person, then you should place him in the middle of the thermometer, at 
the 50 degree mark.  If you have a warm feeling toward him or feel 
favorably toward him, you would give him a score somewhere between 50 
degrees and  100 degrees. (1968-1970 only: depending on how warm your 
feeling is toward that person).  On the other hand, if you don't feel 
very favorably toward a person--that is, if you don't care for him too 
much--then you would place him somewhere between 0 degrees and 50 
degrees. Of course, if you don't know too much about a person, just tell 
me and we'll go on to the next name.
1976:
As you know, many people were mentioned this year as possible candidates 
for president or vice-president by the political parties.  We would like 
to get your feelings toward some of these people. 
I'll read the name of each person and I'd like you to rate that person 
with what we call a feeling thermometer. Ratings between 50 and 100 
degrees mean that you feel favorably and warm toward the person, ratings 
between 0 and 50 degrees mean that you don't feel favorably towards the 
person and that you don't care too much for that person.  If you don't 
feel particularly warm or cold toward a person you would rate them at 50 
degrees.  If we come to a person you don't know much about, just tell me 
and we'll move on to the next one.
1978-LATER:  
I'd like to get your feelings toward some of our political leaders and 
other people who are in the news these days (1990: have been in the 
news).  I'll read the name of a person and I'd like you to rate that 
person using (1986-LATER: something we call) the feeling thermometer.  
Ratings between 50 and 100 (1986-LATER: degrees) mean that you feel 
favorably and warm toward the person; ratings between 0 and 50 degrees 
mean that you don't feel favorably toward the person and that you don't 
care too much for that person.  (1986-LATER: You would rate the person 
at the 50 degree mark if you don't feel particularly warm or cold toward 
the person.) If we come to a person whose name you don't recognize, you 
don't need to rate that person.  Just tell me and we'll move on to the 
next one. (1978-1984: If you do recognize the name, but you don't feel 
particularly warm or cold toward the person, then you would rate the 
person at the 50 degree mark.)

NOTES:
------
GENERAL  NOTE:
For study years where the same thermometer appeared in both the Pre and 
Post, the Pre data are used.
1968 NOTE:
"Don't know"s were coded 50 on thermometers; groups about which the 
respondent "didn't know much" were also placed at 50 degrees. The 50 
degree mark was labeled "50 degrees; no feeling".
1970 NOTE:
The order of names read varied by form.
1996 NOTE:
The order of thermometers for all individuals except Presidential 
candidates was randomized.  
1998 NOTE:
The order of thermometers for all individuals except the President
(first thermometer) was randomized.
2000 NOTE:
same as 1998
2002 NOTE:
Individual thermometers were administered in one of two possible 
orders, following President (first thermometer).
2004 NOTE:
The order of thermometers for all individuals except the president
(first thermometer) and Ronald Reagan, in retrospect (as the last/
14th thermometer) was randomized.  Overall randomization was devised
as a set of consecutive subrandomizations; major presidental candidates
thermometers other than then incumbent president were randomly
administered as the 2nd-3rd names, follwed by other political figures 
as the 4th-11th randomized thermometers.  Thermometers for the major
parties were randomly administered in the 12th-13th positions.
===================================================================================================
VCF0424	

Thermometer - Democratic Presidential Candidate

QUESTION:
---------
Democratic Presidential candidate thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK (exc.1968); don't recognize (1980 and later)
99. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0424.
Democratic Presidential candidates: Humphrey 1968; McGovern 1972; 
Carter 1976,1980; Mondale 1984; Dukakis 1988; Bill Clinton 1992, 
1996; Gore 2000; Kerry 2004; Obama 2008,2012; Hillary Clinton 2016

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1968: V680480
1972: V720255
1976: V763299
1980: V800155
1984: V840290
1988: V880154
1992: V923305
1996: V960273
2000: V000361
2004: V043038
2008: V083037b
2012: ft_rpc
2016: V161086
===================================================================================================
VCF0425	

Thermometer - Democratic Vice-presidential Candidate

QUESTION:
---------
Democratic vice-presidential candidate thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK (exc.1968); don't recognize (1980 and later)
99. NA; no Post IW; ; interview conducted before VP candidate selection 
    (2008)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0424.
Democratic Vice-Presidential candidates: Muskie 1968; Shriver 1972;
Mondale 1976,1980; Ferraro 1984; Bentsen 1988; Gore 1992,1996;
Lieberman 2000; Edwards 2004; Biden 2008.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1968: V680487
1972: V720266
1976: V763308
1980: V800161
1984: V840304
1988: V880159
1992: V923309
1996: V960275
2000: V000366
2004: V043042
2008: V083039a
2012: ft_dvpc
2016: V161090
===================================================================================================
VCF0426	

Thermometer - Republican Presidential Candidate

QUESTION:
---------
Republican Presidential candidate thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK (exc.1968); don't recognize (1980 and later)
99. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0424.
Republican Presidential candidates: Nixon 1968,1972; Ford 1976; Reagan
1980,1984; George Bush Sr. 1988,1992; Dole 1996; George W. Bush
2000,2004; McCain 2008.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1968: V680480
1972: V720255
1976: V763299
1980: V800155
1984: V840290
1988: V880154
1992: V923305
1996: V960273
2000: V000361
2004: V043038
2008: V083037b
2012: ft_rpc
2016: V161087
===================================================================================================
VCF0427	

Thermometer - Republican Vice-presidential Candidate

QUESTION:
---------
Republican vice-presidential candidate thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK (exc.1968); don't recognize (1980 and later)
99. NA; no Post IW; interview conducted before VP candidate selection (2008)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0424.
Republican Vice-Presidential candidates: Agnew 1968,1972; Dole 1976;
George Bush Sr. 1980,1984; Quayle 1988,1992; Kemp 1996; Cheney
2000,2004; Palin 2008.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1968: V680488
1972: V720265
1976: V763312
1980: V800162
1984: V840292
1988: V880160
1992: V923308
1996: V960276
2000: V000367
2004: V043041
2008: V083039b
2012: ft_rvpc
2016: V161091
===================================================================================================
VCF0428	

Thermometer - U.S. President

QUESTION:
---------
President thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK (exc.1968); don't recognize (1980 and later)
99. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0424.
Presidents: Johnson 1968; Nixon 1970,1972; Ford 1974,1976; Carter 1978,
1980; Reagan 1982,1984,1986,1988; George Bush Sr. 1990,1992; Clinton
1994,1996,1998,2000; George W. Bush 2002,2004.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1968: V680484
1970: V700231(type 0)
1972: V720255
1974: V742339
1976: V763299
1978: V780137
1980: V800154
1982: V820123
1984: V840290
1986: V860130
1988: V880158
1990: V900134
1992: V923305
1994: V940223
1996: V960272
1998: V980238
2000: V000359
2002: V023010
2004: V043038
2008: V083036
2012: ft_dpc
2016: V161092
===================================================================================================
VCF0429	

Thermometer - Vice-president

QUESTION:
---------
Vice-president thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK (exc.1968); don't recognize (1980 and later)
99. NA
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0424.
Vice-Presidents: Humphrey 1968; Agnew 1970,1972; Rockefeller 1974,1976;
Mondale 1978,1980; George Bush Sr. 1982,1984,1986,1988; Quayle 1990,
1992; Gore 1994,1996,1998,2000; Cheney 2002,2004.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1968: V680479
1970: V700237(type 0)
1972: V720265
1974: V742342
1976: V763304
1978: V780143
1980: V800161
1982: V820135
1984: V840292
1986: V860144
1988: V880154
1990: V900137
1992: V923308
1994: V940227
1996: V960275
1998: V980243
2000: V000360
2002: V023011
2004: V043041
2012: ft_dvpc
===================================================================================================
VCF0432	

Thermometer - Hubert Humphrey

QUESTION:
---------
Hubert Humphrey -- thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK (exc.1968)
99. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0424.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1968: V680479
1970: V700230(type 0)
1972: V720264
1974: V742352
1976: V763300
===================================================================================================
VCF0433	

Thermometer - Ted Kennedy

QUESTION:
---------
Ted Kennedy -- thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK; don't recognize (1980 and later)
99. NA
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0424.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1970: V700235(type 0)
1972: V720258
1974: V742347
1976: V763302
1978: V780140
1980: V800156
1982: V820124
1984: V840299
1988: V880157
===================================================================================================
VCF0434	

Thermometer - Eugene McCarthy

QUESTION:
---------
Eugene Mccarthy -- thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK (exc.1968)
99. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0424.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1968: V680481
1970: V700238(type 0)
1976: V763311
===================================================================================================
VCF0435	

Thermometer - George McGovern

QUESTION:
---------
George Mcgovern -- thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK; don't recognize (1980 and later)
99. NA
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0424.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1970: V700236(type 0)
1972: V720254
1976: V763309
1980: V800165
1984: V840300
===================================================================================================
VCF0436	

Thermometer - Walter Mondale

QUESTION:
---------
Walter Mondale -- thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK; don't recognize (1978 and later)
99. NA
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0424.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1974: V742353
1976: V763308
1978: V780143
1980: V800161
1982: V820136
1984: V840301
===================================================================================================
VCF0437	

Thermometer - Edmund Muskie

QUESTION:
---------
Edmund Muskie -- thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK (exc.1968)
99. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0424.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1968: V680487
1970: V700234(type 0)
1972: V720257
===================================================================================================
VCF0438	

Thermometer - George Bush Sr.

QUESTION:
---------
George Bush Sr. -- thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK; don't recognize
99. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0424.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800162
1982: V820135
1984: V840292
1986: V860144
1988: V880154
1990: V900134
1992: V923305
2000: V001297
===================================================================================================
VCF0439	

Thermometer - George Wallace

QUESTION:
---------
George Wallace -- thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK (exc.1968); don't recognize (1978 and later)
99. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0424.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1968: V680478
1970: V700229(type 0)
1972: V720253
1974: V742338
1976: V763297
1978: V780136
1980: V800166
===================================================================================================
VCF0440	

Thermometer - Spiro Agnew

QUESTION:
---------
Spiro Agnew -- thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK (exc.1968)
99. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0424.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1968: V680488
1970: V700237(type 0)
1972: V720265
===================================================================================================
VCF0441	

Thermometer - Gerald Ford

QUESTION:
---------
Gerald Ford -- thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK; don't recognize (1978 and later)
99. NA
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0424.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1974: V742339
1976: V763299
1978: V780138
1980: V800158
1984: V840295
===================================================================================================
VCF0442	

Thermometer - Richard Nixon

QUESTION:
---------
Richard Nixon -- thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK (exc.1968); don't recognize (1978 and later)
99. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0424.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1968: V680480
1970: V700231(type 0)
1972: V720255
1974: V742354
1976: V763307
1978: V780142
1980: V800167
1982: V820137
1984: V840302
===================================================================================================
VCF0443	

Thermometer - Ronald Reagan

QUESTION:
---------
(2004: And finally, in retrospect,) Ronald Reagan -- thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK (exc.1968); don't recognize (1978 and later)
99. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0424.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1968: V680482
1970: V700233(type 0)
1976: V763301
1978: V780139
1980: V800155
1982: V820123
1984: V840290
1986: V860130
1988: V880158
1990: V900138
2004: V043051
===================================================================================================
VCF0444	

Thermometer - Nelson Rockefeller

QUESTION:
---------
Nelson Rockefeller -- thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK (exc.1968)
99. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0424.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1968: V680483
1974: V742342
1976: V763304
===================================================================================================
VCF0445	

Thermometer - Robert Dole

QUESTION:
---------
Robert Dole -- thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK; don't recognize (1984,1986,1988,1994,1996)
99. NA
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0424.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1976: V763312
1984: V840294
1986: V860140
1988: V880152
1994: V940225
1996: V960273
===================================================================================================
VCF0446	

Thermometer - Jimmy Carter

QUESTION:
---------
Jimmy Carter -- thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK; don't recognize (1978 and later)
99. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0424.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1976: V763298
1978: V780137
1980: V800154
1982: V820122
1984: V840293
1988: V880595
===================================================================================================
VCF0447	

Thermometer - Bill Clinton

QUESTION:
---------
Bill Clinton -- thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK; don't recognize
99. NA
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0424.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1992: V923306
1994: V940223
1996: V960272
1998: V980238
2000: V000359
2002: V023015
2004: V043045
2008: V083041
2016: V161093
===================================================================================================
VCF0448	

Thermometer - Al Gore

QUESTION:
---------
Al Gore -- thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK; don't recognize
99. NA
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0424.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1992: V923309
1994: V940227
1996: V960275
1998: V980243
2000: V000360
2002: V023012
===================================================================================================
VCF0449	

Thermometer - Ross Perot

QUESTION:
---------
Ross Perot -- thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK; don't recognize
99. NA
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0424.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1992: V923307
1994: V940224
1996: V960274
===================================================================================================
VCF0450	

Approve of President Performance

QUESTION:
---------
Do you approve or disapprove of the way that [the president] is
handling his/her job as President?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Approve
2. Disapprove
8. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; form II (1972)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
1984 NOTE:
This var appeared in both the pre and post; Pre data are included.
1988 NOTE:
same as 1984

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720046
1974: V742157
1976: V763135
1978: V780441
1980: V800062
1982: V820065
1984: V840258
1986: V860096
1988: V880140
1990: V900098
1992: V923319
1994: V940201
1996: V960295
1998: V980216
2000: V000339
2002: V023005
2004: V043024
2008: V083028
2012: presapp_job
2016: V161082
===================================================================================================
VCF0451	

Strength Approve/Disapprove President Performance

QUESTION:
---------
Do you approve or disapprove of the way that [the president] is
handling his/her job as President?
Do you (approve/disapprove) {of the president's performance} strongly
or not strongly?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Approve, strongly
2. Approve, not strongly
3. Disapprove, not strongly
4. Disapprove, strongly
8. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; form II (1972)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
1984 NOTE:
This var appeared in both the pre and post; Pre data are included.
1988 NOTE:
same as 1984

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800063
1982: V820066
1984: V840259
1986: V860097
1988: V880141
1990: V900099
1992: V923320
1994: V940202
1996: V960296
1998: V980217
2000: V000341
2002: V023006x
2004: V043025
2008: V083028a
2012: presapp_job_x
2016: V161082x,V161082,V161082a
===================================================================================================
VCF0471	

Thermometer - Hillary Clinton

QUESTION:
---------
Hillary Clinton -- thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK; don't recognize
99. NA
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0424.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1992: V923313
1994: V940229
1996: V960281
1998: V980259
2000: V000368
2002: V023020
2004: V043044
2008: V083040
2012: ft_hclinton
2016: V161086
===================================================================================================
VCF0472	

Thermometer - Pat Buchanan

QUESTION:
---------
Pat Buchanan -- thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK; don't recognize
99. NA
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0424.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1992: V923315
1996: V960282
1998: V980249
2000: V000362
===================================================================================================
VCF0473	

Thermometer - Dan Quayle

QUESTION:
---------
Dan Quayle -- thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK; don't recognize
99. NA
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0424.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1988: V880160
1990: V900137
1992: V923308
1994: V940226
1998: V980246
===================================================================================================
VCF0475	

Likes Anything about Democratic Presidential Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA
INAP. no Pre IW; form II (1972); abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); 
      question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0401.
Code 5 includes cases where R says he/she did not know anything about
the candidate.
This question was not present as a separate variable until 1972.
2008 NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720038
1976: V763111
1980: V800101
1984: V840093
1988: V880115
1992: V923121
1996: V960205
2000: V000305
2004: V043010
2008: V083008
2012: candlik_likdpc
2016: V161068
===================================================================================================
VCF0476a	

1972-2004 Mention 1: Like About Democratic Presidential Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8888. DK (mention 1 only)
8889. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0475; form II (1972); abbrev. IW form (1980: see 
      VCF0015a); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0401.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER' master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0401, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file.  However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
2008NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.
2012 NOTE:
Party-candidate codes have not yet been coded for the 2012 Time Series.
It is unclear how the new coding will integrate with this file.
2016 NOTE:
Same as 2012.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720039a
1976: V763112
1980: V800102
1984: V840094
1988: V880116
1992: V923122
1996: V960206
2000: V000306
2004: V043011a
===================================================================================================
VCF0476b	

1972-2004 Mention 1: Like About Democratic Presidential Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
88. DK (mention 1 only)
89. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0475; form II (1972); abbrev. IW form (1980: see 
      VCF0015a); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0476a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720039a
1976: V763112
1980: V800102
1984: V840094
1988: V880116
1992: V923122
1996: V960206
2000: V000306
2004: V043011a
===================================================================================================
VCF0476c	

1952-1968 Mention 1: Like About Democratic Presidential Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9987.Don't know much about candidate
9988. DK (mention 1 only)
9989. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0475; no Pre IW; question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0401.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520027a
1956: V560019a
1960: V600024a
1964: V640025a
1968: V680032a
===================================================================================================
VCF0476d	

1952-1968 Mention 1: Like About Democratic Presidential Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
21. Experience and abilities
22. Character and background
23. Personal attraction
24. Issues - NA whether domestic or foreign
25. Stand on domestic policies
26. Stand on foreign affairs
27. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
28. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
29. Candidate as party representative*
30. Other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
87.Don't know much about party/candidate; not involved in politics
89. DK; RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0475; no Pre IW; question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0476c.
*Includes: 'Wallace and political parties'

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520027a
1956: V560019a
1960: V600024a
1964: V640025a
1968: V680032a
===================================================================================================
VCF0477a	

1972-2004 Mention 2: Like About Democratic Presidential Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0475; form II (1972); 
      abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0401.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER' master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0401, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file.  However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
2008 NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.
2012 NOTE:
Party-candidate codes have not yet been coded for the 2012 Time Series.
It is unclear how the new coding will integrate with this file.
2016 NOTE:
Same as 2012.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720039b
1976: V763113
1980: V800103
1984: V840095
1988: V880117
1992: V923123
1996: V960213
2000: V000307
2004: V043011b
===================================================================================================
VCF0477b	

1972-2004 Mention 2: Like About Democratic Presidential Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0475; form II (1972); 
      abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0477a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720039b
1976: V763113
1980: V800103
1984: V840095
1988: V880117
1992: V923123
1996: V960213
2000: V000307
2004: V043011b
===================================================================================================
VCF0477c	

1952-1968 Mention 2: Like About Democratic Presidential Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0475;
      no Pre IW; question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0401.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520027b
1956: V560019b
1960: V600024b
1964: V640025b
1968: V680032b
===================================================================================================
VCF0477d	

1952-1968 Mention 2: Like About Democratic Presidential Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
21. Experience and abilities
22. Character and background
23. Personal attraction
24. Issues - NA whether domestic or foreign
25. Stand on domestic policies
26. Stand on foreign affairs
27. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
28. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
29. Candidate as party representative*
30. Other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0475; no Pre IW; question 
      not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0477c.
*Includes: 'Wallace and political parties'

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520027b
1956: V560019b
1960: V600024b
1964: V640025b
1968: V680032b
===================================================================================================
VCF0478a	

1972-2004 Mention 3: Like About Democratic Presidential Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0475; form II (1972); 
      abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0401.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER' master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0401, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file.  However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
2008 NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.
2012 NOTE:
Party-candidate codes have not yet been coded for the 2012 Time Series.
It is unclear how the new coding will integrate with this file.
2016 NOTE:
Same as 2012.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720039c
1976: V763114
1980: V800104
1984: V840096
1988: V880118
1992: V923124
1996: V960208
2000: V000308
2004: V043011c
===================================================================================================
VCF0478b	

1972-2004 Mention 3: Like About Democratic Presidential Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0475; form II (1972); 
      abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0478a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720039c
1976: V763114
1980: V800104
1984: V840096
1988: V880118
1992: V923124
1996: V960208
2000: V000308
2004: V043011c
===================================================================================================
VCF0478c	

1952-1968 Mention 3: Like About Democratic Presidential Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0475;
      no Pre IW; question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0401.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520027c
1956: V560019c
1960: V600024c
1964: V640025c
1968: V680032c
===================================================================================================
VCF0478d	

1952-1968 Mention 3: Like About Democratic Presidential Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
21. Experience and abilities
22. Character and background
23. Personal attraction
24. Issues - NA whether domestic or foreign
25. Stand on domestic policies
26. Stand on foreign affairs
27. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
28. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
29. Candidate as party representative*
30. Other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0475; no Pre IW; question 
      not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0478c.
*Includes: 'Wallace and political parties'

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520027c
1956: V560019c
1960: V600024c
1964: V640025c
1968: V680032c
===================================================================================================
VCF0479a	

1972-2004 Mention 4: Like About Democratic Presidential Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0475; form II (1972); 
      abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0401.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER' master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0401, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file.  However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
2008 NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.
2012 NOTE:
Party-candidate codes have not yet been coded for the 2012 Time Series.
It is unclear how the new coding will integrate with this file.
2016 NOTE:
Same as 2012.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1976: V763115
1980: V800105
1984: V840097
1988: V880119
1992: V923125
1996: V960209
2000: V000309
2004: V043011d
===================================================================================================
VCF0479b	

1972-2004 Mention 4: Like About Democratic Presidential Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0475; form II (1972); 
      abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0479a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1976: V763115
1980: V800105
1984: V840097
1988: V880119
1992: V923125
1996: V960209
2000: V000309
2004: V043011d
===================================================================================================
VCF0479c	

1952-1968 Mention 4: Like About Democratic Presidential Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0475;
      no Pre IW; question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0401.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520027d
1956: V560019d
1960: V600024d
1964: V640025d
1968: V680032d
===================================================================================================
VCF0479d	

1952-1968 Mention 4: Like About Democratic Presidential Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
21. Experience and abilities
22. Character and background
23. Personal attraction
24. Issues - NA whether domestic or foreign
25. Stand on domestic policies
26. Stand on foreign affairs
27. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
28. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
29. Candidate as party representative*
30. Other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0475; no Pre IW; question 
      not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0479c.
*Includes: 'Wallace and political parties'

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520027d
1956: V560019d
1960: V600024d
1964: V640025d
1968: V680032d
===================================================================================================
VCF0480a	

1972-2004 Mention 5: Like About Democratic Presidential Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0475; form II (1972); 
      abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0401.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER' master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0401, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file.  However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
2008 NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.
2012 NOTE:
Party-candidate codes have not yet been coded for the 2012 Time Series.
It is unclear how the new coding will integrate with this file.
2016 NOTE:
Same as 2012.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1976: V763116
1980: V800106
1984: V840098
1988: V880120
1992: V923126
1996: V960210
2000: V000310
2004: V043011e
===================================================================================================
VCF0480b	

1972-2004 Mention 5: Like About Democratic Presidential Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0475; form II (1972); 
      abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0480a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1976: V763116
1980: V800106
1984: V840098
1988: V880120
1992: V923126
1996: V960210
2000: V000310
2004: V043011e
===================================================================================================
VCF0480c	

1952-1968 Mention 5: Like About Democratic Presidential Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0475;
      no Pre IW; question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0401.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520027e
1956: V560019e
1960: V600024e
1964: V640025e
1968: V680032e
===================================================================================================
VCF0480d	

1952-1968 Mention 5: Like About Democratic Presidential Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
21. Experience and abilities
22. Character and background
23. Personal attraction
24. Issues - NA whether domestic or foreign
25. Stand on domestic policies
26. Stand on foreign affairs
27. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
28. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
29. Candidate as party representative*
30. Other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0475; no Pre IW; question
      not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0480c.
*Includes: 'Wallace and political parties'

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520027e
1956: V560019e
1960: V600024e
1964: V640025e
1968: V680032e
===================================================================================================
VCF0481	

Dislikes Anything about Democratic Presidential Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA
INAP. no Pre IW;  form II (1972);  abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); 
      question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0402.
Code 5 includes cases where R says he/she did not know anything about
the candidate.
This question was not present as a separate variable until 1972.
2008 NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720040
1976: V763117
1980: V800107
1984: V840099
1988: V880121
1992: V923127
1996: V960211
2000: V000311
2004: V043012
2008: V083010
2012: candlik_disldpc
2016: V161071
===================================================================================================
VCF0482a	

1972-2004 Mention 1: Dislike About Democratic Presidential Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8888. DK (mention 1 only)
8889. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0481;  form II (1972);  abbrev. IW form (1980: see 
      VCF0015a); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0402.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER' master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0402, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file.  However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
2008 NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.
2012 NOTE:
Party-candidate codes have not yet been coded for the 2012 Time Series.
It is unclear how the new coding will integrate with this file.
2016 NOTE:
Same as 2012.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720041a
1976: V763118
1980: V800108
1984: V840100
1988: V880122
1992: V923128
1996: V960212
2000: V000312
2004: V043013a
===================================================================================================
VCF0482b	

1972-2004 Mention 1: Dislike About Democratic Presidential Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
88. DK (mention 1 only)
89. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0481;  form II (1972);  abbrev. IW form (1980: see 
      VCF0015a); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0482a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720041a
1976: V763118
1980: V800108
1984: V840100
1988: V880122
1992: V923128
1996: V960212
2000: V000312
2004: V043013a
===================================================================================================
VCF0482c	

1952-1968 Mention 1: Dislike About Democratic Presidential Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9987.Don't know much about candidate
9988. DK (mention 1 only)
9989. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0481; no Pre IW; question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0402.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520028a
1956: V560020a
1960: V600025a
1964: V640026a
1968: V680033a
===================================================================================================
VCF0482d	

1952-1968 Mention 1: Dislike About Democratic Presidential Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
21. Experience and abilities
22. Character and background
23. Personal attraction
24. Issues - NA whether domestic or foreign
25. Stand on domestic policies
26. Stand on foreign affairs
27. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
28. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
29. Candidate as party representative*
30. Other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
87.Don't know much about party/candidate; not involved in politics
89. DK; RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0481; no Pre IW; question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0482c.
*Includes: 'Wallace and political parties'

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520028a
1956: V560020a
1960: V600025a
1964: V640026a
1968: V680033a
===================================================================================================
VCF0483a	

1972-2004 Mention 2: Dislike About Democratic Presidential Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0481; form II (1972); 
      abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0402.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER' master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0402, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file.  However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
2008 NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.
2012 NOTE:
Party-candidate codes have not yet been coded for the 2012 Time Series.
It is unclear how the new coding will integrate with this file.
2016 NOTE:
Same as 2012.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720041b
1976: V763119
1980: V800109
1984: V840101
1988: V880123
1992: V923129
1996: V960213
2000: V000313
2004: V043013b
===================================================================================================
VCF0483b	

1972-2004 Mention 2: Dislike About Democratic Presidential Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0481; form II (1972); 
      abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0483a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720041b
1976: V763119
1980: V800109
1984: V840101
1988: V880123
1992: V923129
1996: V960213
2000: V000313
2004: V043013b
===================================================================================================
VCF0483c	

1952-1968 Mention 2: Dislike About Democratic Presidential Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0481;
      no Pre IW; question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0402.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520028b
1956: V560020b
1960: V600025b
1964: V640026b
1968: V680033b
===================================================================================================
VCF0483d	

1952-1968 Mention 2: Dislike About Democratic Presidential Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
21. Experience and abilities
22. Character and background
23. Personal attraction
24. Issues - NA whether domestic or foreign
25. Stand on domestic policies
26. Stand on foreign affairs
27. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
28. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
29. Candidate as party representative*
30. Other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0481; no Pre IW; question 
      not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0483c.
*Includes: 'Wallace and political parties'

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520028b
1956: V560020b
1960: V600025b
1964: V640026b
1968: V680033b
===================================================================================================
VCF0484a	

1972-2004 Mention 3: Dislike About Democratic Presidential Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0481; form II (1972); 
      abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0402.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER' master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0402, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file.  However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
2008 NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.
2012 NOTE:
Party-candidate codes have not yet been coded for the 2012 Time Series.
It is unclear how the new coding will integrate with this file.
2016 NOTE:
Same as 2012.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720041c
1976: V763120
1980: V800110
1984: V840102
1988: V880124
1992: V923130
1996: V960214
2000: V000314
2004: V043013c
===================================================================================================
VCF0484b	

1972-2004 Mention 3: Dislike About Democratic Presidential Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0481; form II (1972); 
      abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0484a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720041c
1976: V763120
1980: V800110
1984: V840102
1988: V880124
1992: V923130
1996: V960214
2000: V000314
2004: V043013c
===================================================================================================
VCF0484c	

1952-1968 Mention 3: Dislike About Democratic Presidential Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0481;
      no Pre IW; question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0402.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520028c
1956: V560020c
1960: V600025c
1964: V640026c
1968: V680033c
===================================================================================================
VCF0484d	

1952-1968 Mention 3: Dislike About Democratic Presidential Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
21. Experience and abilities
22. Character and background
23. Personal attraction
24. Issues - NA whether domestic or foreign
25. Stand on domestic policies
26. Stand on foreign affairs
27. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
28. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
29. Candidate as party representative*
30. Other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0481; no Pre IW; question 
      not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0484c.
*Includes: 'Wallace and political parties'

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520028c
1956: V560020c
1960: V600025c
1964: V640026c
1968: V680033c
===================================================================================================
VCF0485a	

1972-2004 Mention 4: Dislike About Democratic Presidential Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0481; form II (1972); 
      abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0402.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER' master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0402, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file.  However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
2008 NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.
2012 NOTE:
Party-candidate codes have not yet been coded for the 2012 Time Series.
It is unclear how the new coding will integrate with this file.
2016 NOTE:
Same as 2012.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1976: V763121
1980: V800111
1984: V840103
1988: V880125
1992: V923131
1996: V960215
2000: V000315
2004: V043013d
===================================================================================================
VCF0485b	

1972-2004 Mention 4: Dislike About Democratic Presidential Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0481; form II (1972); 
      abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0485a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1976: V763121
1980: V800111
1984: V840103
1988: V880125
1992: V923131
1996: V960215
2000: V000315
2004: V043013d
===================================================================================================
VCF0485c	

1952-1968 Mention 4: Dislike About Democratic Presidential Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0481;
      no Pre IW; question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0402.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520028d
1956: V560020d
1960: V600025d
1964: V640026d
1968: V680033d
===================================================================================================
VCF0485d	

1952-1968 Mention 4: Dislike About Democratic Presidential Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
21. Experience and abilities
22. Character and background
23. Personal attraction
24. Issues - NA whether domestic or foreign
25. Stand on domestic policies
26. Stand on foreign affairs
27. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
28. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
29. Candidate as party representative*
30. Other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0481; no Pre IW; question 
      not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0485c.
*Includes: 'Wallace and political parties'

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520028d
1956: V560020d
1960: V600025d
1964: V640026d
1968: V680033d
===================================================================================================
VCF0486a	

1972-2004 Mention 5: Dislike About Democratic Presidential Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0481; form II (1972); 
      abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0402.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER' master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0402, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file.  However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
2008 NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.
2012 NOTE:
Party-candidate codes have not yet been coded for the 2012 Time Series.
It is unclear how the new coding will integrate with this file.
2016 NOTE:
Same as 2012.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1976: V763122
1980: V800112
1984: V840104
1988: V880126
1992: V923132
1996: V960216
2000: V000316
2004: V043013c
===================================================================================================
VCF0486b	

1972-2004 Mention 5: Dislike About Democratic Presidential Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0481; form II (1972); 
      abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0486a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1976: V763122
1980: V800112
1984: V840104
1988: V880126
1992: V923132
1996: V960216
2000: V000316
2004: V043013c
===================================================================================================
VCF0486c	

1952-1968 Mention 5: Dislike About Democratic Presidential Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0481;
      no Pre IW; question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0402.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520028e
1956: V560020e
1960: V600025e
1964: V640026e
1968: V680033e
===================================================================================================
VCF0486d	

1952-1968 Mention 5: Dislike About Democratic Presidential Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
21. Experience and abilities
22. Character and background
23. Personal attraction
24. Issues - NA whether domestic or foreign
25. Stand on domestic policies
26. Stand on foreign affairs
27. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
28. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
29. Candidate as party representative*
30. Other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0481; no Pre IW; question 
      not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0486c.
*Includes: 'Wallace and political parties'

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520028e
1956: V560020e
1960: V600025e
1964: V640026e
1968: V680033e
===================================================================================================
VCF0487	

Likes anything about Republican Presidential Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA
INAP. no Pre IW;  form II (1972);  abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); 
      question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0405.
Code 5 includes cases where R says he/she did not know anything about
the candidate.
This question was not present as a separate variable until 1972.
2008 SPECIAL NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720042
1976: V763123
1980: V800077
1984: V840081
1988: V880103
1992: V923109
1996: V960217
2000: V000317
2004: V043006
2008: V083012
2012: candlik_likrpc
2016: V161074
===================================================================================================
VCF0488a	

1972-2004 Mention 1: Like About Republican Presidential Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8888. DK (mention 1 only)
8889. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0487;  form II (1972);  abbrev. IW form (1980: see 
      VCF0015a); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0405.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER' master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0405, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file.  However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
2008 NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.
2012 NOTE:
Party-candidate codes have not yet been coded for the 2012 Time Series.
It is unclear how the new coding will integrate with this file.
2016 NOTE:
Same as 2012.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720043a
1976: V763124
1980: V800078
1984: V840082
1988: V880104
1992: V923110
1996: V960218
2000: V000318
2004: V043007a
===================================================================================================
VCF0488b	

1972-2004 Mention 1: Like About Republican Presidential Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
88. DK (mention 1 only)
89. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0487;  form II (1972);  abbrev. IW form (1980: see 
      VCF0015a); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0488a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720043a
1976: V763124
1980: V800078
1984: V840082
1988: V880104
1992: V923110
1996: V960218
2000: V000318
2004: V043007a
===================================================================================================
VCF0488c	

1952-1968 Mention 1: Like About Republican Presidential Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9987.Don't know much about candidate
9988. DK (mention 1 only)
9989. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0487;  no Pre IW; question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0405.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520029a
1956: V560021a
1960: V600026a
1964: V640027a
1968: V680034a
===================================================================================================
VCF0488d	

1952-1968 Mention 1: Like About Republican Presidential Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
21. Experience and abilities
22. Character and background
23. Personal attraction
24. Issues - NA whether domestic or foreign
25. Stand on domestic policies
26. Stand on foreign affairs
27. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
28. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
29. Candidate as party representative*
30. Other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
87.Don't know much about party/candidate; not involved in politics
89. DK ;RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0487;  no Pre IW; question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0488c.
*Includes: 'Wallace and political parties'

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520029a
1956: V560021a
1960: V600026a
1964: V640027a
1968: V680034a
===================================================================================================
VCF0489a	

1972-2004 Mention 2: Like About Republican Presidential Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0487; form II (1972); 
      abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0405.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER' master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0405, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file.  However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
2008 NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.
2012 NOTE:
Party-candidate codes have not yet been coded for the 2012 Time Series.
It is unclear how the new coding will integrate with this file.
2016 NOTE:
Same as 2012.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720043b
1976: V763125
1980: V800079
1984: V840083
1988: V880105
1992: V923111
1996: V960219
2000: V000319
2004: V043007b
===================================================================================================
VCF0489b	

1972-2004 Mention 2: Like About Republican Presidential Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0487; form II (1972); 
      abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0489a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720043b
1976: V763125
1980: V800079
1984: V840083
1988: V880105
1992: V923111
1996: V960219
2000: V000319
2004: V043007b
===================================================================================================
VCF0489c	

1952-1968 Mention 2: Like About Republican Presidential Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0487;
      no Pre IW; question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0405.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520029b
1956: V560021b
1960: V600026b
1964: V640027b
1968: V680034b
===================================================================================================
VCF0489d	

1952-1968 Mention 2: Like About Republican Presidential Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
21. Experience and abilities
22. Character and background
23. Personal attraction
24. Issues - NA whether domestic or foreign
25. Stand on domestic policies
26. Stand on foreign affairs
27. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
28. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
29. Candidate as party representative*
30. Other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0487; no Pre IW; question 
      not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0489c.
*Includes: 'Wallace and political parties'

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520029b
1956: V560021b
1960: V600026b
1964: V640027b
1968: V680034b
===================================================================================================
VCF0490a	

1972-2004 Mention 3: Like About Republican Presidential Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0487; form II (1972); 
      abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0405.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER' master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0405, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file.  However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
2008 NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.
2012 NOTE:
Party-candidate codes have not yet been coded for the 2012 Time Series.
It is unclear how the new coding will integrate with this file.
2016 NOTE:
Same as 2012.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720043c
1976: V763126
1980: V800080
1984: V840084
1988: V880106
1992: V923112
1996: V960220
2000: V000320
2004: V043007c
===================================================================================================
VCF0490b	

1972-2004 Mention 3: Like About Republican Presidential Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0487; form II (1972); 
      abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0490a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720043c
1976: V763126
1980: V800080
1984: V840084
1988: V880106
1992: V923112
1996: V960220
2000: V000320
2004: V043007c
===================================================================================================
VCF0490c	

1952-1968 Mention 3: Like About Republican Presidential Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0487;
      no Pre IW; question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0405.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520029c
1956: V560021c
1960: V600026c
1964: V640027c
1968: V680034c
===================================================================================================
VCF0490d	

1952-1968 Mention 3: Like About Republican Presidential Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
21. Experience and abilities
22. Character and background
23. Personal attraction
24. Issues - NA whether domestic or foreign
25. Stand on domestic policies
26. Stand on foreign affairs
27. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
28. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
29. Candidate as party representative*
30. Other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0487; no Pre IW; question 
      not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0490c.
*Includes: 'Wallace and political parties'

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520029c
1956: V560021c
1960: V600026c
1964: V640027c
1968: V680034c
===================================================================================================
VCF0491a	

1972-2004 Mention 4: Like About Republican Presidential Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0487; form II (1972); 
      abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0405.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER' master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0405, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file.  However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
2008 NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.
2012 NOTE:
Party-candidate codes have not yet been coded for the 2012 Time Series.
It is unclear how the new coding will integrate with this file.
2016 NOTE:
Same as 2012.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1976: V763127
1980: V800081
1984: V840085
1988: V880107
1992: V923113
1996: V960221
2000: V000320
2004: V043007d
===================================================================================================
VCF0491b	

1972-2004 Mention 4: Like About Republican Presidential Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0487; form II (1972); 
      abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0491a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1976: V763127
1980: V800081
1984: V840085
1988: V880107
1992: V923113
1996: V960221
2000: V000320
2004: V043007d
===================================================================================================
VCF0491c	

1952-1968 Mention 4: Like About Republican Presidential Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0487;
      no Pre IW; question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0405.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520029d
1956: V560021d
1960: V600026d
1964: V640027d
1968: V680034d
===================================================================================================
VCF0491d	

1952-1968 Mention 4: Like About Republican Presidential Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
21. Experience and abilities
22. Character and background
23. Personal attraction
24. Issues - NA whether domestic or foreign
25. Stand on domestic policies
26. Stand on foreign affairs
27. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
28. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
29. Candidate as party representative*
30. Other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0487; no Pre IW; question 
      not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0491c.
*Includes: 'Wallace and political parties'

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520029d
1956: V560021d
1960: V600026d
1964: V640027d
1968: V680034d
===================================================================================================
VCF0492a	

1972-2004 Mention 5: Like About Republican Presidential Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0487; form II (1972); 
      abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0405.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER' master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0405, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file.  However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
2008 NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.
2012 NOTE:
Party-candidate codes have not yet been coded for the 2012 Time Series.
It is unclear how the new coding will integrate with this file.
2016 NOTE:
Same as 2012.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1976: V763128
1980: V800082
1984: V840086
1988: V880108
1992: V923126
1996: V960222
2000: V000322
2004: V043007c
===================================================================================================
VCF0492b	

1972-2004 Mention 5: Like About Republican Presidential Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0487; form II (1972); 
      abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0492a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1976: V763128
1980: V800082
1984: V840086
1988: V880108
1992: V923126
1996: V960222
2000: V000322
2004: V043007c
===================================================================================================
VCF0492c	

1952-1968 Mention 5: Like About Republican Presidential Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0487;
      no Pre IW; question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0405.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520029e
1956: V560021e
1960: V600026e
1964: V640027e
1968: V680034e
===================================================================================================
VCF0492d	

1952-1968 Mention 5: Like About Republican Presidential Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
21. Experience and abilities
22. Character and background
23. Personal attraction
24. Issues - NA whether domestic or foreign
25. Stand on domestic policies
26. Stand on foreign affairs
27. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
28. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
29. Candidate as party representative*
30. Other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0487; no Pre IW; question 
      not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0492c.
*Includes: 'Wallace and political parties'

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520029e
1956: V560021e
1960: V600026e
1964: V640027e
1968: V680034e
===================================================================================================
VCF0493	

Dislikes anything about Republican Presidential Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA
INAP. no Pre IW;  form II (1972);  abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); 
      question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0406.
Code 5 includes cases where R says he/she did not know anything about
the candidate.
This question was not present as a separate variable until 1972.
2008 SPECIAL NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720044
1976: V763129
1980: V800083
1984: V840087
1988: V880109
1992: V923115
1996: V960223
2000: V000323
2004: V043008
2008: V083014
2012: candlik_dislrpc
2016: V161077
===================================================================================================
VCF0494a	

1972-2004 Mention 1: Dislike About Republican Presidential Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8888. DK (mention 1 only)
8889. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0493;  form II (1972);  abbrev. IW form (1980: see 
      VCF0015a); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0406.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER' master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0406, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file.  However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
2008 NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.
2012 NOTE:
Party-candidate codes have not yet been coded for the 2012 Time Series.
It is unclear how the new coding will integrate with this file.
2016 NOTE:
Same as 2012.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720045a
1976: V763130
1980: V800078
1984: V840088
1988: V880110
1992: V923116
1996: V960224
2000: V000324
2004: V043009a
===================================================================================================
VCF0494b	

1972-2004 Mention 1: Dislike About Republican Presidential Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
88. DK (mention 1 only)
89. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0493;  form II (1972);  abbrev. IW form (1980: see 
      VCF0015a); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0494a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720045a
1976: V763130
1980: V800078
1984: V840088
1988: V880110
1992: V923116
1996: V960224
2000: V000324
2004: V043009a
===================================================================================================
VCF0494c	

1952-1968 Mention 1: Dislike About Republican Presidential Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9987.Don't know much about candidate
9988. DK (mention 1 only)
9989. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0493;no Pre IW; question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0406.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520030a
1956: V560022a
1960: V600027a
1964: V640028a
1968: V680035a
===================================================================================================
VCF0494d	

1952-1968 Mention 1: Dislike About Republican Presidential Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
21. Experience and abilities
22. Character and background
23. Personal attraction
24. Issues - NA whether domestic or foreign
25. Stand on domestic policies
26. Stand on foreign affairs
27. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
28. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
29. Candidate as party representative*
30. Other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
87.Don't know much about party/candidate; not involved in politics
89. DK; RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0493;no Pre IW; question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0494c.
*Includes: 'Wallace and political parties'

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520030a
1956: V560022a
1960: V600027a
1964: V640028a
1968: V680035a
===================================================================================================
VCF0495a	

1972-2004 Mention 2: Dislike About Republican Presidential Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0493; form II (1972); 
      abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0406.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER' master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0406, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file.  However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
2008 NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.
2012 NOTE:
Party-candidate codes have not yet been coded for the 2012 Time Series.
It is unclear how the new coding will integrate with this file.
2016 NOTE:
Same as 2012.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720045b
1976: V763131
1980: V800085
1984: V840089
1988: V880111
1992: V923117
1996: V960225
2000: V000325
2004: V043009b
===================================================================================================
VCF0495b	

1972-2004 Mention 2: Dislike About Republican Presidential Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0493; form II (1972); 
      abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0495a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720045b
1976: V763131
1980: V800085
1984: V840089
1988: V880111
1992: V923117
1996: V960225
2000: V000325
2004: V043009b
===================================================================================================
VCF0495c	

1952-1968 Mention 2: Dislike About Republican Presidential Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0493;
      no Pre IW; question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0406.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520030b
1956: V560022b
1960: V600027b
1964: V640028b
1968: V680035b
===================================================================================================
VCF0495d	

1952-1968 Mention 2: Dislike About Republican Presidential Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
21. Experience and abilities
22. Character and background
23. Personal attraction
24. Issues - NA whether domestic or foreign
25. Stand on domestic policies
26. Stand on foreign affairs
27. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
28. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
29. Candidate as party representative*
30. Other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0493; no Pre IW; question 
      not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0495c.
*Includes: 'Wallace and political parties'

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520030b
1956: V560022b
1960: V600027b
1964: V640028b
1968: V680035b
===================================================================================================
VCF0496a	

1972-2004 Mention 3: Dislike About Republican Presidential Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0493;  form II (1972); 
      abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0406.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER' master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0406, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file.  However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
2008 NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.
2012 NOTE:
Party-candidate codes have not yet been coded for the 2012 Time Series.
It is unclear how the new coding will integrate with this file.
2016 NOTE:
Same as 2012.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720045c
1976: V763132
1980: V800086
1984: V840090
1988: V880112
1992: V923118
1996: V960226
2000: V000326
2004: V043009c
===================================================================================================
VCF0496b	

1972-2004 Mention 3: Dislike About Republican Presidential Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0493;  form II (1972); 
      abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0496a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720045c
1976: V763132
1980: V800086
1984: V840090
1988: V880112
1992: V923118
1996: V960226
2000: V000326
2004: V043009c
===================================================================================================
VCF0496c	

1952-1968 Mention 3: Dislike About Republican Presidential Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0493;
      no Pre IW; question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0406.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520030c
1956: V560022c
1960: V600027c
1964: V640028c
1968: V680035c
===================================================================================================
VCF0496d	

1952-1968 Mention 3: Dislike About Republican Presidential Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
21. Experience and abilities
22. Character and background
23. Personal attraction
24. Issues - NA whether domestic or foreign
25. Stand on domestic policies
26. Stand on foreign affairs
27. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
28. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
29. Candidate as party representative*
30. Other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0493; no Pre IW; 
      question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0496c.
*Includes: 'Wallace and political parties'

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520030c
1956: V560022c
1960: V600027c
1964: V640028c
1968: V680035c
===================================================================================================
VCF0497a	

1972-2004 Mention 4: Dislike About Republican Presidential Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0493;  form II (1972); 
      abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0406.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER' master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0406, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file.  However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
2008 NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.
2012 NOTE:
Party-candidate codes have not yet been coded for the 2012 Time Series.
It is unclear how the new coding will integrate with this file.
2016 NOTE:
Same as 2012.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1976: V763133
1980: V800087
1984: V840091
1988: V880113
1992: V923119
1996: V960227
2000: V000327
2004: V043009d
===================================================================================================
VCF0497b	

1972-2004 Mention 4: Dislike About Republican Presidential Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0493;  form II (1972); 
      abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0497a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1976: V763133
1980: V800087
1984: V840091
1988: V880113
1992: V923119
1996: V960227
2000: V000327
2004: V043009d
===================================================================================================
VCF0497c	

1952-1968 Mention 4: Dislike About Republican Presidential Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0493;
      no Pre IW; question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0406.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520030d
1956: V560022d
1960: V600027d
1964: V640028d
1968: V680035d
===================================================================================================
VCF0497d	

1952-1968 Mention 4: Dislike About Republican Presidential Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
21. Experience and abilities
22. Character and background
23. Personal attraction
24. Issues - NA whether domestic or foreign
25. Stand on domestic policies
26. Stand on foreign affairs
27. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
28. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
29. Candidate as party representative*
30. Other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0493; no Pre IW; 
      question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0497c.
*Includes: 'Wallace and political parties'

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520030d
1956: V560022d
1960: V600027d
1964: V640028d
1968: V680035d
===================================================================================================
VCF0498a	

1972-2004 Mention 5: Dislike About Republican Presidential Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0493;  form II (1972); 
      abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0406.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER' master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0406, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file.  However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
2008 NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.
2012 NOTE:
Party-candidate codes have not yet been coded for the 2012 Time Series.
It is unclear how the new coding will integrate with this file.
2016 NOTE:
Same as 2012.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1976: V763134
1980: V800088
1984: V840092
1988: V880114
1992: V923120
1996: V960228
2000: V000328
2004: V043009e
===================================================================================================
VCF0498b	

1972-2004 Mention 5: Dislike About Republican Presidential Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0493;  form II (1972); 
      abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0498a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1976: V763134
1980: V800088
1984: V840092
1988: V880114
1992: V923120
1996: V960228
2000: V000328
2004: V043009e
===================================================================================================
VCF0498c	

1952-1968 Mention 5: Dislike About Republican Presidential Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0493;
      no Pre IW; question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0406.
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520030e
1956: V560022e
1960: V600027e
1964: V640028e
1968: V680035e
===================================================================================================
VCF0498d	

1952-1968 Mention 5: Dislike About Republican Presidential Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
21. Experience and abilities
22. Character and background
23. Personal attraction
24. Issues - NA whether domestic or foreign
25. Stand on domestic policies
26. Stand on foreign affairs
27. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
28. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
29. Candidate as party representative*

MISSING CODES:
--------------
30. Other
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0493; no Pre IW; question 
      not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0498c.
*Includes: 'Wallace and political parties'

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520030e
1956: V560022e
1960: V600027e
1964: V640028e
1968: V680035e
===================================================================================================
VCF0501	

Difference Between Major Parties

QUESTION:
---------
Do you think there are any important differences in what the
Republicans and Democrats stand for?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. No difference
2. Yes, a difference
9. DK; yes, a difference but don't know what (1964,1966); depends (1972)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Pre IW; no Post IW; form II,III,IV (1972); telephone IW (1984); 
   form B (1986); form A (1990)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
1952 NOTE:
176 respondents have been coded  2 from category 'minor differences
(not important); some differences, don't know what.'

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520017
1960: V600229
1964: V640298,V640299
1966: V660081
1968: V680346
1972: V720498
1976: V763184
1980: V800776
1984: V840867
1986: V860541
1988: V880797
1990: V900336
1992: V925901
1994: V840708
1996: V961182
1998: V980370
2000: V001435
2004: V045159
2008: V085118
2012: ptydiff_diff
2016: V162190
===================================================================================================
VCF0502	

Which Major Party is More Conservative 3-Category

QUESTION:
---------
1960-1976: 
Would you say that one of the parties (1972: either party) is more
conservative or more liberal than the other (1970-1976: at the national
level)?
(IF YES:)  Which party is more conservative?
(IF NO 1960,1968:) Do you think that people generally consider the
Democrats or the Republicans more conservative or wouldn't you want to
guess about that?
(IF NO OR DK 1964,1970,1972,1976:) Do you think that people generally
consider the Democrats or the Republicans more conservative or wouldn't
you want to guess about that?
1984 AND LATER:
Would you say that either one of the parties is more conservative than
the other at the national level?  (IF YES:) Which party is more
conservative?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes, Democrats more conservative
2. Yes, Republicans more conservative
9. No, both the same; DK; no guess (1970-1976); other (1968,1970,1972)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0.NA; no Post IW; telephone IW (1984); form II,III,IV (1972); form A (1990)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
After 1976, respondents answering no/DK to the initial question were
not prompted further.
1960 NOTE:
'No' or 'DK' responses to the stem question were combined with cases
coded DK in the single study variable released.
1964 NOTE:
same as 1960.
1968 NOTE:
same as 1960.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1960: V600232
1964: V640302
1968: V680361
1970: V700177(type 0)
1972: V720500
1976: V763194
1984: V840874,V840875
1988: V880810,V880811
1990: V900349,V900350
1992: V925914,V925915
2004: V045160,V045160a
2008: V085119,V085119a
2012: ptycons_cons,ptycons_ptyconswh
2016: V162191,V162191a
===================================================================================================
VCF0502a	

Which Major Party is More Conservative 4-Category

QUESTION:
---------
1970-1976: 
Would you say that one of the parties (1972: either party) is more
conservative or more liberal than the other at the national level?
(IF YES:)  Which party is more conservative?
(IF NO OR DK:) Do you think that people generally consider the Democrats
or the Republicans more conservative or wouldn't you want to guess about
that?
1984 AND LATER:
Would you say that either one of the parties is more conservative than
the other at the national level?  (IF YES:) Which party is more
conservative?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes, Democrats more conservative
2. Yes, Republicans more conservative
5. No, both the same
9. DK whether one more conservative; yes, one more conservative but DK which party

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA whether one more conservative; yes, one more conservative but NA
   which party; no Post IW; telephone IW (1984); form II,III,IV (1972); 
   form A (1990)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
After 1976, respondents answering no/DK to the initial question were
not prompted further.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1970: V700177(type 0)
1972: V720500
1976: V763194
1984: V840874,V840875
1988: V880810,V880811
1990: V900349,V900350
1992: V925914,V925915
2004: V045160,V045160a
2008: V085119,V085119a
2012: ptycons_cons,ptycons_ptyconswh
2016: V162191,V162191a
===================================================================================================
VCF0503	

Democratic Party- Liberal-Conservative Scale

QUESTION:
---------
We hear a lot of talk these days about liberals and conservatives.
I'm going to show you (1996 AND LATER: Here is) a seven-point scale
on which the political views that people might hold are arranged
from extremely liberal to extremely conservative.
Where would you place the Democratic Party {on this scale}?
(7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Extremely liberal
2. Liberal
3. Slightly liberal
4. Moderate, middle of the road
5. Slightly conservative
6. Conservative
7. Extremely conservative

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK party placement
0. NA party placement; DK/NA self-placement (1984-1996); refused to 
   choose self-placement (1996); no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
1972-1982:  If self-placement was 'DK,' NA or 'haven't thought much'
R was not asked for party placements on this scale.
1984-1996:  If R responded 'DK,' NA or 'haven't thought much about
it' to self-placement AND if R responded 'DK' or NA (1996: or 'refused
to choose') to the self-placement follow-up ('If you had to choose
would you consider yourself a liberal or a conservative?' [VCF0849]),
then R was not asked for party placements on this scale.
In 1996 and later, ordering of placements for the 2 major parties was
randomized.
1980 NOTE:
This var was present in both the pre and post; pre data are represented
here.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720656
1974: V742309
1976: V763289
1978: V780401
1980: V800279
1982: V820405
1984: V840373
1986: V860393
1988: V880235
1990: V900413
1992: V923518
1994: V940847
1996: V960379
1998: V980411
2000: V001382
2004: V043090
2008: V083071a
2012: libcpre_ptyd
2016: V161130
===================================================================================================
VCF0504	

Republican Party- Liberal-Conservative Scale

QUESTION:
---------
Republican Party - R's rating of party on liberal/conservative scale

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Extremely liberal
2. Liberal
3. Slightly liberal
4. Moderate, middle of the road
5. Slightly conservative
6. Conservative
7. Extremely conservative

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK party placement
0. NA party placement; DK/NA self-placement (1984-1996); refused to 
   choose self-placement (1996); no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0503

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720657
1974: V742310
1976: V763290
1978: V780402
1980: V800278
1982: V820404
1984: V840374
1986: V860394
1988: V880234
1990: V900414
1992: V923517
1994: V940848
1996: V960380
1998: V980412
2000: V001383
2004: V043091
2008: V083071b
2012: libcpre_ptyr
2016: V161131
===================================================================================================
VCF0507	

Which Party Favors Government Help With Medical Care

QUESTION:
---------
1960,1962: 
Which party do you think is more likely to see to it that people get
doctors and hospital care at low cost, the Democrats or the Republicans,
or wouldn't there be any difference?
1964, 1968:
Which party do you think is more likely to want the government to help
in getting doctor and hospital care at low cost, the Democrats, the
Republicans, or wouldn't there be any difference between them on this?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Democrats
2. No difference
3. Republicans

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK which party
9. NA party placement
0. NA; no opinion for R's opinion on this issue; no Pre IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See also: VCF0508-VCF0511.
If R's own opinion on this issue was 'no opinion,' 'DK' or NA, then
R was not asked this question.
1986 NOTE:
Code 2 includes 6 cases where George Wallace/American Independent Party
was mentioned.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1960: V600068
1962: V620060
1964: V640077
1968: V680065
===================================================================================================
VCF0508	

Democratic Party- Government Health Insurance Scale

QUESTION:
---------
There is much concern about the rapid rise in medical and
hospital costs.
Some (1988,1994: people) feel there should be a government insurance
plan which would cover all medical and hospital expenses (1988,1994:
for everyone).
Others feel that (1988,1994: all) medical expenses should be paid by
individuals, and through private insurance like Blue Cross (1988,
1994: or other company paid plans).
Where would you place the Democratic Party on this scale  [1988 ONLY:
or haven't you thought much about this]? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Government insurance plan
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Private insurance plan

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK party placement
0. NA party placement; DK self-placement(1972,1976,1978,1994); haven't 
   thought much about self-placement (1970,1972,1976,1978,1994); NA self-
   placement (all years exc. 1970); form II (1972); haven't thought much 
   about party placement (1988 ONLY)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See also: VCF0507.
1972-1978: If self-placement was 'DK,' NA or 'haven't thought much',
then R was not asked for party placements on this scale.
1970 NOTE:
If R responded 'haven't thought much' for self-placement then party
placements were not asked; however, if R responded DK or NA for self-
placement party placements were asked.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1970: V700135(type 0)
1972: V720212
1976: V763276
1978: V780383
1988: V880322
1994: V940954
2012: inspre_dem
===================================================================================================
VCF0509	

Republican Party- Government Health Insurance Scale

QUESTION:
---------
Republican Party - R's rating of party on govt health insurance scale

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Government insurance plan
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Private insurance plan

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK party placement
0. NA party placement; DK self-placement(1972,1976,1978,1994); haven't 
   thought much about self-placement (1970,1972,1976,1978,1994); NA self-
   placement (all years exc. 1970); form II (1972); haven't thought much 
   about party placement (1988 ONLY)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0508.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1970: V700136(type 0)
1972: V720213
1976: V763277
1978: V780384
1988: V880321
1994: V940955
2012: inspre_rep
===================================================================================================
VCF0512	

Which Party Favors Guaranteed Jobs and Standard of Living

QUESTION:
---------
1960: 
Which party do you think is more likely to see to it that everybody who
wants to work can find a job, the Democrats, the Republicans, or
wouldn't there be any difference between them?
1964,1968:
Which party do you think is more likely to favor the government seeing
to it that each person has a job and a good standard of living (1964
only: the Democrats, the Republicans, or wouldn't there be any
difference between them on this)?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Democrats
2. No difference
3. Republicans

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK which party
0. NA party placement; DK/NA/no opinion for self-placement; no Pre IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See also: VCF0513-VCF0514.
If R's own opinion on this issue was 'no opinion,' 'DK' or NA, then
R was not asked this question.
1968 NOTE:
Code 2 includes 6 cases where George Wallace/American Independent Party
was mentioned.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1960: V600055
1964: V640080
1968: V680067
===================================================================================================
VCF0513	

Democratic Party- Guaranteed Jobs-Living Scale

QUESTION:
---------
Some people feel that the government in Washington should see to it
that every person has a job and a good standard of living.  (1972-
1978: Suppose these people are at one end of a scale, at point
1).  Others think the government should just let each person get ahead
on his/her own. (1972-1978: Suppose these people are at the other
end, at point 7.  And, of course, some other people have opinions
somewhere in between, at points 2,3,4,5 or 6.)
Where would you place the Democratic Party {on this scale}?  (7-POINT
SCALE SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Government see to job and good standard of living
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Government let each person get ahead on his own

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK party placement
9. NA party placement
0. DK/NA/haven't thought much about self-placement; form III,IV (1972); 
   form II and no Post IW (1972); no Post IW; short form or Spanish 
   language (1992); telephone IW (2000)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See also: VCF0512.
Prior to 2000, Rs with self-placement 'DK,' NA or 'haven't thought
much about it' were not asked for party placements on this scale.
1972 NOTE:
Form I respondents were asked this question in the Pre, form II
respondents in the Post
2000 NOTE 1:
Telephone respondents were asked a branching series and telephone data
are not included.
2000 NOTE 2:
The order in which Democratic and Republican party placements
were administered was randomized.
2004 NOTE:
The order in which Democratic and Republican party placements
were administered was randomized.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720176,V720617
1974: V742269
1976: V763244
1978: V780359
1980: V801122
1982: V820427
1984: V840417
1988: V880329
1992: V923722
1994: V940934
2000: V000631
2012: guarpr_dem
===================================================================================================
VCF0514	

Republican Party- Guaranteed Jobs-Living Scale

QUESTION:
---------
Republican Party - R's rating of party on jobs/std of living scale

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Government see to job and good standard of living
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Government let each person get ahead on his own

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK party placement
9. NA party placement
0. DK/NA/haven't thought much about self-placement; form III,IV (1972); 
   form II and no Post IW (1972); no Post IW; short form or Spanish 
   language (1992); telephone IW (2000)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0513.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720177,V720618
1974: V742270
1976: V763245
1978: V780360
1980: V801121
1982: V820428
1984: V840418
1988: V880328
1992: V923721
1994: V940935
2000: V000636
2012: guarpr_rep
===================================================================================================
VCF0517	

Democratic Party- Aid to Blacks Scale

QUESTION:
---------
1988 FORM A, 1990 AND LATER:  Some people feel that the government in
Washington should make every possible effort to improve the social
and economic position of blacks. Others feel that the government
should not make any special effort to help blacks because they should
help themselves.
1970-1984, 1988 FORM B:  Some people feel that the government in
Washington should make every possible effort to improve the social and
economic position of blacks (1970: Negroes) and other minority groups
(1980: even if it means giving them preferential treatment).  Others
feel that the government should not make any special effort to help
minorities because they should help themselves (1970: but they should
be expected to help themselves).
ALL YEARS:  Where would you place the Democratic Party {on this
scale}  (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Government should help minority groups
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Minority groups should help themselves

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK party placement
9. NA party placement
0. DK self-placement (1972-1984,1990,1994); NA self-placement 
   (1972-1990,1994); haven't thought much about self-placement (1970-1984, 
   1990,1994); no Post IW; form III,IV (1972); telephone IW (2000)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Note that form B in 1988 and all cases in previous years specified
'blacks and other minorities' in this question, while form A in 1988
and all cases in 1990 specified only 'blacks.'  To filter for form A/B
responses in 1988, use variable VCF0012.
Rs with self-placement 'haven't thought much about it' in 1970 or with
self-placements 'haven't thought much about it' or DK in 1972,1984,
1990,1994 were not asked for party placements on this scale (if R's
self-placement was DK or NA in 1970, R was asked for party placements.)
If R's self-placement was NA in 1972-1984,1990,1994 then R was not
asked for party placements.
2000 NOTE 1:
Telephone respondents were asked a branching series and telephone data
are not included.
2000 NOTE 2:
The order in which Democratic and Republican party placements
were administered was randomized.
2004 NOTE:
The order in which Democratic and Republican party placements
were administered was randomized.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1970: V700107(type 0)
1972: V720633
1974: V742300
1976: V763267
1978: V780375
1980: V801074
1982: V820417
1984: V840385
1988: V880338,V880346
1990: V900449
1994: V940938
2000: V000661
2004: V043162
===================================================================================================
VCF0518	

Republican Party- Aid to Blacks Scale

QUESTION:
---------
Republican Party - R's rating of party on aid to blacks/minorities
scale

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Government should help minority groups
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Minority groups should help themselves

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK party placement
9. NA party placement
0. DK self-placement (1972-1984,1990,1994); NA self-placement 
   (1972-1990,1994); haven't thought much about self-placement (1970-1984, 
   1990,1994); no Post IW; form III,IV (1972); telephone IW (2000)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0517

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1970: V700108(type 0)
1972: V720634
1974: V742301
1976: V763268
1978: V780376
1980: V801073
1982: V820418
1984: V840386
1988: V880337,V880345
1990: V900450
1994: V940939
2000: V000666
2004: V043163
===================================================================================================
VCF0521	

Which Party Favors Stronger Government

QUESTION:
---------
Which party do you think is more likely to favor a stronger [1978,1980,
1984: more powerful; 1988,1992: a powerful] government in Washington --
the Democrats, the Republicans, or wouldn't there be any difference
between them on this?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Democrats
2. No difference
3. Republicans
8. DK which party

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. Filter response is that R has no opinion/interest for topic or DK 
   whether has own opinion on topic (all years); R says s/he has own 
   opinion but gives opinion as DK (1964,1968,1972,1976,1988,1992); R 
   says s/he has own opinion but gives opinion as NA (all years); R's 
   own opinion is: thinks govt not getting too strong but DK/NA if it 
   should become more powerful (1988,1992 ONLY); R's own opinion is that 
   govt is not too strong AND should stay as it is (1988,1992 ONLY); R's 
   own opinion is 'other/ depends' (1988 ONLY); NA which party; no Post IW; 
   form I (1972); telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
In 1964-1988,1992,2000, if the following answers were given when R was
asked if R had an opinion on the question of whether the government is
getting too powerful, then R was not asked this question:
'no' (opinion) (1964,1976-1992,2000); 'no interest' (1968,1972); NA
(all years); 'DK' (all years).
Additionally, in 1964,1968,1972,1976,1988,1992,2000 if R replied 'yes,'
that R did have an interest/opinion BUT responded 'DK' or NA when
asked for that opinion, then R was not asked this question.
In 1988,1992,2000, among Rs who indicated that they had an opinion on
this issue, Respondents who were asked this question were limited to
Rs having their own opinions as one of the following: 1) The government
is too powerful; OR 2) The government is not getting too strong AND
(followup) the government should become more powerful.
1992 NOTE:
46 cases were not asked this question due to an error in skip
instructions.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1964: V640073
1968: V680063
1972: V720058
1976: V763226
1978: V780456
1980: V801131
1984: V841062
1988: V880851
1992: V926018
2000: V001512,V001515
===================================================================================================
VCF0521a	

Which Party Favors Stronger Government w/ No Opinion

QUESTION:
---------
Which party do you think is more likely to favor a stronger
[1978,1980, 1984: more powerful; 1988,1992: a powerful] government in
Washington -- the Democrats, the Republicans, or wouldn't there be any
difference between them on this?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Democrats
2. No difference
3. Republicans
9. DK which party; no opinion

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. R's own opinion is: thinks govt. not getting too strong but DK/NA if 
   it should become more powerful (1988,1992 ONLY); R's own opinion is 
   that govt is not too strong AND should stay as it is (1988,1992 ONLY); 
   R's own opinion is 'other/depends' (1988 ONLY); NA which party; no 
   Post IW; form I (1972); telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See notes VCF0521.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1964: V640073
1968: V680063
1972: V720058
1976: V763226
1978: V780456
1980: V801131
1984: V841062
1988: V880851
1992: V926018
2000: V001515
===================================================================================================
VCF0522	

Which Party Will Best Avoid War/Bigger War

QUESTION:
---------
Looking ahead, do you think the problem of keeping out of
war (1966-1972: a bigger war) would be handled better in the next four
years (1966-1970: two years) by the Republicans, by the Democrats, or
about the same by both?
[2000: IF 'DK' OR 'NEITHER PARTY' IS VOLUNTEERED, DO NOT PROBE]

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Better by Democrats
2. Same by both
3. Better by Republicans
9. DK; depends (1972); neither (2000)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; Form II (1972); no Pre IW; question not administered in assigned 
   half-sample (1996)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Weight variable VCF0010/VCF0010A must be used if
distributions including 1970 data are desired:  see VCF0010.
Note that use of VCF0010/VCF0010A as a weight reduces the
1970 total N for this variable:  form 2 whites who should appear as
code 0 INAP cases are excluded from the 1970 total N.
1996 NOTE:
The order of parties read in the question text was randomized.
2004 NOTE:
see 1996 NOTE.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0010x/VCF0010y/VCF0010z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1956: V560086
1960: V600087
1964: V640141
1966: V660040
1968: V680117
1970: V700046(type 1)
1972: V720052
1980: V800196
1982: V820308
1984: V840249
1986: V860524
1988: V880253
1992: V923602
1996: V960408
2000: V000506
2004: V043111
===================================================================================================
VCF0523	

Which Party Favors Military Spending Cut

QUESTION:
---------
Which political party do you think is more in favor of cutting
military spending - the Democrats, the Republicans, or wouldn't there
be much difference between them?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Democrats
2. Not much difference
3. Republicans

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
0. NA; no Post IW; form II,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720589
1976: V763359
===================================================================================================
VCF0524	

Democratic Party- Rights of Accused Scale

QUESTION:
---------
Some people are primarily concerned with doing everything possible to
protect the legal rights of those accused of committing crimes.
Others feel that it is more important to stop criminal activity even
at the risk of reducing the rights of the accused.
Where would you place the Democratic Party {on this scale}?  (7-POINT
SCALE SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Protect rights of accused
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Stop crime regardless of rights of accused

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK party placement
0. NA party placement; NA/haven't thought much about self-placement 
   (all years); DK/NA self-placement (1972-1978); no Post IW; form III,
   IV (1972)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Rs who responded 'haven't thought much about it' for self-placement
were not asked for party placements on this scale.
In 1972-1978, Rs who responded 'DK' for self-placement were not
asked for party placements on this scale.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1970: V700121(type 0)
1972: V720625
1974: V742284
1976: V763251
1978: V780367
===================================================================================================
VCF0525	

Republican Party- Rights of Accused Scale

QUESTION:
---------
Republican Party - R's rating of party on rights of accused scale

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Protect rights of accused
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Stop crime regardless of rights of accused

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK party placement
0. NA party placement; NA/haven't thought much about self-placement 
   (all years); DK/NA self-placement (1972-1978); no Post IW; form III,
   IV (1972)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0524.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1970: V700122(type 0)
1972: V720626
1974: V742285
1976: V763252
1978: V780368
===================================================================================================
VCF0528	

Democratic Party- Urban Unrest Scale

QUESTION:
---------
There is much discussion about the best way to deal with the problem
of urban unrest and rioting.
Some say it is more important to use all available force to maintain
law and order - no matter what results.
Others say it is more important to correct the problems of poverty and
unemployment that give rise to the disturbances.
Where would you place the Democratic Party {on this scale}?  (7-POINT
SCALE SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Solve problems of poverty and unemployment
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Use all available force

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK party placement
0. NA party placement; DK/NA/haven't thought much about self-placement 
   (1972,1976); no Post IW; form I,III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
In 1972-1976, Rs who responded 'DK,' NA or 'haven't thought much about
it' for self-placement were not asked for party placements on this
scale.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1970: V700086(type 0)
1972: V720674
1974: V742277
1976: V763770
===================================================================================================
VCF0529	

Republican Party- Urban Unrest Scale

QUESTION:
---------
Republican Party - R's rating of party on urban unrest scale

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Solve problems of poverty and unemployment
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Use all available force

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK party placement
0. NA party placement; DK/NA/haven't thought much about self-placement 
   (1972,1976); no Post IW; form I,III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0528.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1970: V700087(type 0)
1972: V720675
1974: V742278
1976: V763771
===================================================================================================
VCF0533	

Democratic Party- School Busing Scale

QUESTION:
---------
There is much discussion about the best way to deal with racial
problems.
Some people think achieving racial integration of schools is so
important that it justifies busing children to schools out of their
own neighborhoods.
Others think letting children go to their neighborhood schools is so
important that they oppose busing.
Where would you place the Democratic Party {on this scale}?  (7-POINT
SCALE SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Bus to achieve integration
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Keep children in neighborhood schools

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK party placement
0. NA party placement; DK/NA/haven't thought much about self-placement
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Rs who responded 'DK,' NA or 'haven't thought much about it' for self-
placement were not asked for party placements on this scale.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720206
1974: V742292
1976: V763260
===================================================================================================
VCF0534	

Republican Party- School Busing Scale

QUESTION:
---------
Republican Party - R's rating of party on school busing scale

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Bus to achieve integration
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Keep children in neighborhood schools

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK party placement
0. NA party placement; DK/NA/haven't thought much about self-placement
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0533.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720207
1974: V742293
1976: V763261
===================================================================================================
VCF0537	

Democratic Party- Women Equal Role Scale

QUESTION:
---------
Recently there has been a lot of talk about women's rights.
Some people feel that women should have an equal role with men in
running business, industry, and government.
Others feel that women's place is in the home.
Where would you place the Democratic Party {on this scale}?  (7-POINT
SCALE SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Women and men should have an equal role
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Women's place is in the home

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK party placement
0. NA party placement; DK/NA/haven't thought much about self-placement 
   (1972-1988); no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Prior to 1998, Rs who responded 'DK,' NA or 'haven't thought much
about it' for self- placement were not asked for party placements on
this scale.
1998 NOTE:
The order in which this rating was administered for the 2 major parties
was randomized.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720236
1976: V763790
1978: V780391
1980: V801106
1982: V820437
1988: V880391
1998: V980453
===================================================================================================
VCF0538	

Republican Party- Women Equal Role Scale

QUESTION:
---------
Republican Party - R's rating of party on equal role for women scale

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Women and men should have an equal role
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Women's place is in the home

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK party placement
0. NA party placement; DK/NA/haven't thought much about self-placement 
   (1972-1988); no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0537.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720237
1976: V763791
1978: V780392
1980: V801105
1982: V820438
1988: V880390
1998: V980454
===================================================================================================
VCF0541	

Democratic Party- Government Services-Spending Scale

QUESTION:
---------
Some people think the government should provide fewer services, even
in areas such as health and education, in order to reduce spending.
(1996 AND LATER: Suppose these people are at one end of a scale, at
point 1).  Other people feel that it is important for the government
to provide many more services even if it means an increase in
spending.
(1996: Suppose these people are at the other end, at point 7.  And,
of course, some other people have opinions somewhere in between, at
points 2,3,4,5 or 6.)
Where would you place the Democratic Party {on this scale}?  (7-POINT
SCALE SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Government should provide many fewer services: reduce spending a lot
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Government should provide many more services: increase spending a lot

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK party placement
0. NA party placement; DK/haven't thought much about self-placement 
   (1982,1984,1990,1994); NA self-placement (exc. 1986); short form or 
   Spanish language (1992); telephone IW (2000)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
In 1982-1984,1990,1994,1996, Rs who responded 'DK,' NA or 'haven't
thought much about it' for self-placement were not asked for party
placements on this scale.
1996 AND LATER NOTE: the order in which this rating was administered
for the 2 major parties was randomized.
1988 NOTE:
If R's self-placement was NA , then R was not asked for party
placements.
1992 NOTE:
same as 1988.
1980 NOTE:
The 1980 version of this question was not comparable.
2000 NOTE 1:
Telephone respondents were asked a branching series, and 2000 telephone
data are not included.
2000 NOTE 2:
The order in which Democratic and Republican party placements were
administered was randomized.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1982: V820445
1984: V840378
1986: V860455
1988: V880308
1990: V900456
1992: V923705
1994: V940944
1996: V960461
1998: V980468
2000: V000569
2012: spsrvpr_ssdem
===================================================================================================
VCF0542	

Republican Party- Government Services-Spending Scale

QUESTION:
---------
Republican Party - R's rating of party on government services scale

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Government should provide many fewer services: reduce spending a lot
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Government should provide many more services: increase spending a lot

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK party placement
0. NA party placement; DK/haven't thought much about self-placement 
   (1982,1984, 1990,1994); NA self-placement (exc. 1986); short form or 
   Spanish language (1992); telephone IW (2000)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0541

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1982: V820446
1984: V840379
1986: V860456
1988: V880307
1990: V900457
1992: V923704
1994: V940945
1996: V960462
1998: V980469
2000: V000575
2004: V043141
2012: spsrvpr_ssrep
===================================================================================================
VCF0545	

Democratic Party- Cooperation with U.S.S.R. Scale

QUESTION:
---------
1980: 
Some people feel it is important for us to try very hard to get along
with Russia.  Others feel it is a big mistake to try too hard to get
along with Russia.
1984,1988:
Some people feel it is important for us to try to cooperate more with
Russia, while others believe we should be much tougher in our dealings
with Russia.
ALL YEARS:
Where would you place the Democratic Party on this scale?
(7-PT SCALE SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Cooperate more/get along with Russia
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Get much tougher/big mistake

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK party placement
0. NA party placement; DK/NA/haven't thought much about self-placement; 
   no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Rs who responded 'DK,' NA or 'haven't thought much about it' for self-
placement were not asked for party placements on this scale.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V801090
1984: V840411
1988: V880374
===================================================================================================
VCF0546	

Republican Party- Cooperation with U.S.S.R. Scale

QUESTION:
---------
Republican Party - R's rating of party on cooperate with Russia scale

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Cooperate more/get along with Russia
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Get much tougher/big mistake

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK party placement
0. NA party placement; DK/NA/haven't thought much about self-placement; 
   no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0545.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V801089
1984: V840412
1988: V880373
===================================================================================================
VCF0549	

Democratic Party- Defense Spending Scale

QUESTION:
---------
Some people believe that we should spend much less money for defense.
(1996,2004: Suppose these people are at one end of a scale, at point
1.) Others feel that defense spending should be greatly increased.
(1996,2004:  Suppose these people are at the other end, at point 7.
And, of course, some other people have opinions somewhere in between
at points 2,3,4,5 or 6.)
Where would you place the Democratic Party on this scale?  (7-POINT
SCALE SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Greatly decrease defense spending
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Greatly increase defense spending.

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK party placement
0. NA party placement; DK/haven't thought much about self-placement 
   (1980,1984, 1990); NA self-placement (exc. 1986); short form or Spanish 
   language (1992); telephone IW (2000)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
In 1980-1984,1990, Rs who responded 'DK,' NA or 'haven't thought much
about it' for self-placement were not asked for party placements on
this scale.
1988 NOTE:
If R's self-placement was NA then R was not asked for party placements.
1992 NOTE:
same as 1988.
1996 (and later) NOTE:
The order in which this rating was administered for the 2 major parties
was randomized.
2000 NOTE 1:
Telephone respondents were asked a branching series, and 2000 telephone
data are not included.
2004 NOTE:
see 1996 NOTE.
2012 NOTE:
The 7-point scale used in 2012 was not comparable.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800287
1982: V820409
1984: V840398
1986: V860412
1988: V880316
1990: V900443
1992: V923711
1996: V960477
2000: V000598
2004: V043146
===================================================================================================
VCF0550	

Republican Party- Defense Spending Scale

QUESTION:
---------
Republican Party - R's rating of party on defense spending

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Greatly decrease defense spending
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Greatly increase defense spending.

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK party placement
0. NA party placement; DK/haven't thought much about self-placement 
   (1980,1984, 1990); NA self-placement (exc. 1986); short form or Spanish 
   language (1992); telephone IW (2000)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0549.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800286
1982: V820410
1984: V840399
1986: V860413
1988: V880315
1990: V900444
1992: V923710
1996: V960478
2000: V000603
2004: V043147
===================================================================================================
VCF0601	

Approve Participation in Protests

QUESTION:
---------
There are many possible ways for people to show their disapproval or
disagreement with governmental policies and actions.  I am going to
describe three such ways.  We would like to know which ones you
approve of as ways of showing dissatisfaction with the government and
which ones you disapprove of.
How about taking part in protest meetings or marches that are
permitted by the local authorities?  Would you approve of taking part,
disapprove, or would it depend on the circumstances?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Disapprove
2. Pro-con, depends, don't know
3. Approve

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Weight variable VCF0010/VCF0010A must be used if
distributions including 1970 data are desired:  see VCF0010.
Note that use of VCF0010/VCF0010A as a weight reduces the
1970 total N for this variable:  form 2 whites who should appear as
code 0 INAP cases are excluded from the 1970 total N.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0010x/VCF0010y/VCF0010z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1968: V680472
1970: V700141(type 1)
1972: V720275
1974: V742238
===================================================================================================
VCF0602	

Approve Civil Disobedience

QUESTION:
---------
How about refusing to obey a law which one thinks is unjust, if the
person feels so strongly about it that he is willing to go to jail
rather than obey the law?  Would you approve of a person doing that,
Disapprove, or would it depend on the circumstances?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Disapprove
2. Pro-con, depends, don't know
3. Approve

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See introductory text VCF0601.
Weight variable VCF0010/VCF0010A must be used if
distributions including 1970 data are desired:  see VCF0010.
Note that use of VCF0010/VCF0010A as a weight reduces the
1970 total N for this variable:  form 2 whites who should appear as
code 0 INAP cases are excluded from the 1970 total N.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0010x/VCF0010y/VCF0010z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1968: V680474
1970: V700142(type 1)
1972: V720276
1974: V742239
===================================================================================================
VCF0603	

Approve Demonstrations

QUESTION:
---------
Suppose all other methods have failed and the person decides to try to
stop the government from going about its usual activities with sit-
ins, mass meetings, demonstrations, and things like that?  Would you
approve of that, disapprove, or would it depend on the circumstances?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Disapprove
2. Pro-con, depends, don't know
3. Approve

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See introductory text VCF0601.
Weight variable VCF0010/VCF0010A must be used if
distributions including 1970 data are desired:  see VCF0010.
Note that use of VCF0010/VCF0010A as a weight reduces the
1970 total N for this variable:  form 2 whites who should appear as
code 0 INAP cases are excluded from the 1970 total N.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0010x/VCF0010y/VCF0010z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1968: V680476
1970: V700143(type 1)
1972: V720277
1974: V742240
1976: V763909
===================================================================================================
VCF0604	

Trust the Federal Government To Do What is Right

QUESTION:
---------
People have (1958,1964: I'd like to talk about some of the) different
ideas about the government in Washington.  These ideas don't refer to
Democrats or Republicans in particular, but just to government in
general.  We want to see how you feel about these ideas.  (1996 and
later: For example:)
How much of the time do you think you can trust the government in
Washington to do what is right -- just about always, most of the time
(not 1966: or) only some of the time (1996: or almost never)?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. None of the time/never (VOLUNTEERED); almost never (1966 only)
2. Some of the time
3. Most of the time
4. Just about always
9. DK; depends

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Post IW; split versions: not asked (2008); abbrev. telephone IW 
   (1984: See VCF0015b)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
The order in which questions VCF0604-VCF0608 appeared may have varied.
1988 NOTE:
Placement varied by form.
2008 NOTE:
This question was administered to a random half sample of respondents
(verion 'OLD'); the remaining respondents were administered an
alternative version of the question (version 'NEW').
A half-sample of respondents were administered this question with
response options in reverse order.
2012 NOTE:
This question was asked of a random 1/2 sample of respondents (the
remaining 1/2 sample was asked a different version of the question).

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1958: V580157
1964: V640403
1966: V660173
1968: V680504
1970: V700151(type 0)
1972: V720571
1974: V742230
1976: V763163
1978: V780347
1980: V800402
1982: V820529
1984: V841064
1986: V860548
1988: V880955
1990: V900504
1992: V926120
1994: V941033
1996: V961251
1998: V980528
2000: V001534
2002: V025174
2004: V045197
2008: V085147a
2012: trustgov_trustgstd
===================================================================================================
VCF0605	

Federal Government Run by Few Interests or for the Benefit of All

QUESTION:
---------
Would you say the government is pretty much run by a few big interests
looking out for themselves or that it is run for the benefit of all
the people?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Few big interests
2. Benefit of all
9. DK; pro-con; depends; other; refused to choose; both

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984: See VCF0015b)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
The order in which questions VCF0604-VCF0608 appeared may have varied.
1988 NOTE:
Placement varied by form.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1964: V640405
1966: V660176
1968: V680505
1970: V700152(type 0)
1972: V720572
1974: V742231
1976: V763164
1978: V780348
1980: V800403
1982: V820530
1984: V841065
1988: V880957
1990: V900506
1992: V926122
1994: V941035
1996: V961253
1998: V980529
2000: V001536
2002: V025176
2004: V045198
2008: V085148
2012: trustgov_bigintrst
2016: V161216
===================================================================================================
VCF0606	

How Much Does the Federal Government Waste Tax Money

QUESTION:
---------
Do you think that people in the government waste a lot of money we pay
in taxes, waste some of it, or don't waste very much of it?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. A lot
2. Some
3. Not very much
9. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984: See VCF0015b)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
The order in which questions VCF0604-VCF0608 appeared may have varied.
1988 NOTE:
Placement varied by form.
2008 NOTE:.
A half-sample of respondents were administered this question with
response options in reverse order.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1958: V580156
1964: V640402
1968: V680503
1970: V700150(type 0)
1972: V720570
1974: V742229
1976: V763162
1978: V780346
1980: V800401
1982: V820528
1984: V841063
1988: V880956
1990: V900505
1992: V926121
1994: V941034
1996: V961252
1998: V980527
2000: V001535
2002: V025175
2004: V045198
2008: V085149
2012: trustgov_waste
2016: V161217
===================================================================================================
VCF0607	

How Many Government Officials Are Smart

QUESTION:
---------
Do you feel that almost all of the people running the government are
smart people (1958-1972: who usually know what they are doing), or do
you think that quite a few (1970: quite a lot) of them don't seem to
know what they are doing?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Don't know what they're doing
2. Know what they're doing
9. DK; pro-con; depends; other; refused to choose; both

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. MD; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
The order in which questions VCF0604-VCF0608 appeared may have varied.
1988 NOTE:
Placement varied by form.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1958: V580159
1964: V640404
1968: V680506
1970: V700153(type 0)
1972: V720573
1974: V742232
1976: V763165
1978: V780349
1980: V800404
===================================================================================================
VCF0608	

How Many Government Officials Are Crooked

QUESTION:
---------
Do you think that quite a few of the people running the government are
(1958-1972: a little) crooked, not very many are, or do you think
hardly any of them are crooked (1958-1972: at all)?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Quite a few; quite a lot (1958-1972)
2. Not many
3. Hardly any
9. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984: See VCF015)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
The order in which questions VCF0604-VCF0608 appeared may have varied.
1988 NOTE:
Placement varied by form.
2008 NOTE:.
A half-sample of respondents were administered this question with
response options in reverse order.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1958: V580155
1964: V640401
1968: V680507
1970: V700154(type 0)
1972: V720574
1974: V742233
1976: V763166
1978: V780350
1980: V800405
1984: V841066
1988: V880958
1990: V900507
1992: V926123
1994: V941036
1996: V961254
1998: V980526
2000: V001537
2002: V025177
2004: V045200
2008: V085150
2012: trustgvpo_crook
===================================================================================================
VCF0609	

Government Officials Care What People Like Respondent Think

QUESTION:
---------
1952-1980,1982,1992: Now I'd like to read some of the kinds of things
people tell us when we interview them. Please tell me whether (1992: and
ask you whether) (1966,1988,1990,1994-LATER: how much) you agree or
disagree with these statements (1992: with them) (2002: about the
government.)  (1988,1990:  You can just give me the number of your
choice.) (1992: I'll read them one at a time and you just tell me
whether you agree or disagree) (1996 and  later: The first is:)
1952-1988,1992:
'I don't think public officials care much what people like me think.'
1990,1994-LATER:
'Public officials don't care much what people like me think.'
2000 TELEPHONE,2002:
Do you agree, neither agree nor disagree, or disagree with this
statement?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Agree
2. Disagree
3. Neither agree nor disagree (1988 and later only)
9. DK; not sure; it depends; can't say; refused to say

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Pre IW; no Post IW; split versions: not asked (2008); form B 
   (1986)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Prior to 1988, response options were read to R.  In 1988 and later
(except 2000 telephone and 2002), response options were in the
Respondent Booklet.
Code 1 includes: 'strongly agree' and 'agree' from the 1966 data;
'agree strongly' and 'agree somewhat' from 1988 and later data (exc.
2002). Code 2 includes: 'strongly disagree' and 'disagree' from
the 1966 data;  'disagree somewhat' and 'disagree strongly' from 1988
and later data (exc. 2002).
1952 NOTE:
The order of items appearing in VCF0609-VCF0618 was varied.
1988 NOTE:
Placement varied by form.
2008 NOTE:
This question was administered to a random half sample of respondents
(verion 'C'); the remaining respondents were administered an
alternative version of the question (version 'D').
2012 NOTE:
This question was asked of a random 1/2 sample of respondents (the
remaining 1/2 sample was asked a different version of the question).

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520118
1956: V560115
1960: V600114
1964: V640177
1966: V660118
1968: V680520
1970: V700147(type 0)
1972: V720272
1974: V742225
1976: V763818
1978: V780354
1980: V801033
1982: V820532
1984: V840313
1986: V860549
1988: V880938
1990: V900508
1992: V926103
1994: V941037
1996: V961244
1998: V980524
2000: V001527
2002: V025172
2004: V045201
2008: V085151c
2012: effic_carestd
2016: V162215
===================================================================================================
VCF0610	

Congressmen Lose Touch with Constituents

'Generallyspeaking, those we elect to Congress in Washington lose
touch with the people pretty quickly.'

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Agree
2. Disagree
9. DK; it depends; can't say; refused to say

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
See introductory text VCF0609.
GENERAL NOTE:
The order in which questions VCF0609-VCF0618 appeared may have varied.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1968: V680521
1970: V700148(type 0)
1972: V720273
1974: V742226
1976: V763819
1978: V780355
1980: V801034
===================================================================================================
VCF0611	

Parties Only Interested in Votes

'Parties are only interested in people's votes but not in their
opinions.'

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Agree
2. Disagree
9. DK; it depends; can't say; refused to say

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
See introductory text VCF0609.
GENERAL NOTE:
The order in which questions VCF0609-VCF0618 appeared may have varied.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1968: V680523
1970: V700149(type 0)
1972: V720274
1974: V742227
1976: V763820
1978: V780356
1980: V801035
===================================================================================================
VCF0612	

Voting is the Only Way to Have a Say in Government

'Voting is the only way that people like me can have any (1956-1964: 
a) say about how the government runs things.'

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Agree
2. Disagree
9. DK; depends; not sure; can't say; refused to say; neither agree nor disagree 
   (1988)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Pre IW; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
See introductory text VCF0609.
GENERAL NOTE:
The order in which questions VCF0609-VCF0618 appeared may have varied.
1966 NOTE:
This question was asked as a Likert Scale (i.e., strongly agree/ agree/
disagree/ strongly disagree), collapsed here.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520120
1956: V560109
1960: V600108
1964: V640175
1966: V660116
1968: V680518
1970: V700145(type 0)
1972: V720270
1974: V742223
1976: V763816
1978: V780352
1980: V801031
===================================================================================================
VCF0613	

People like Respondent Have Any Say in What the Government Does

'People like me don't have any say about what the government does.'

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Agree
2. Disagree
3. Neither agree nor disagree (1988 and later only)
9. DK; depends; not sure; can't say; refused to say

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Pre IW; no Post IW; split versions: not asked (2008)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
See introductory text VCF0609.
GENERAL NOTE:
The order in which questions VCF0609-VCF0618 appeared may have varied.
Prior to 1988, response options were read to R.  In 1988 and later
(except 2000 telephone and 2002), response options were shown to R in
the Respondent Booklet.
Code 1 includes: 'strongly agree' and 'agree' from the 1966 data
'agree strongly' and 'agree somewhat' from 1988 and later data (exc.
2002). Code 2 includes: 'strongly disagree' and 'disagree' from
the 1966 data;  'disagree somewhat' and 'disagree strongly' from 1988
and later data (exc. 2002).
1988 NOTE:
Placement varied by form.
1996 NOTE:
This question was asked in both the Pre and Post; Pre data are included
here.
2008 NOTE:
This question was administered to a random half sample of respondents
(verion 'C'); the remaining respondents were administered an
alternative version of the question (version 'D').
2012 NOTE:
This question was asked of a random 1/2 sample of respondents (the
remaining 1/2 sample was asked a different version of the question).

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520123
1956: V560108
1960: V600107
1964: V640174
1966: V660115
1968: V680517
1970: V700144(type 0)
1972: V720269
1974: V742222
1976: V763815
1978: V780351
1980: V801030
1982: V820531
1984: V840312
1988: V880937
1990: V900509
1992: V926102
1994: V941038
1996: V960568
1998: V980525
2000: V001528
2002: V025173
2004: V045202
2008: V085151d
2012: effic_saystd
2016: V162216
===================================================================================================
VCF0614	

Politics and Government Seem Too Complicated

'Sometimes politics and government seem so complicated that a person
like me can't really understand what's going on.'

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Agree
2. Disagree
3. Neither agree nor disagree (1988 and later only)
9. DK; depends; not sure; can't say; refused to say

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Pre IW; no Post IW; split versions: not asked (2008)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
See introductory text VCF0609.
GENERAL NOTE:
The order in which questions VCF0609-VCF0618 appeared may have varied.
Prior to 1988, response options were read to R.  In 1988 and later
(except 2000 telephone and 2002), response options were shown to R in
the Respondent Booklet.
Code 1 includes: 'strongly agree' and 'agree' from the 1966 data
'agree strongly' and 'agree somewhat' from 1988 and later data (exc.
2002). Code 2 includes: 'strongly disagree' and 'disagree' from
the 1966 data;  'disagree somewhat' and 'disagree strongly' from 1988
and later data (exc. 2002).
1988 NOTE:
Placement varied by form.
1996 NOTE:
This question was asked in both the Pre and Post; Pre data are included
here.
2008 NOTE:
This question was administered to a random half sample of respondents
(verion 'C'); the remaining respondents were administered an
alternative version of the question (version 'D').
2012 NOTE:
This question was asked of a random 1/2 sample of respondents (the
remaining 1/2 sample was asked a different version of the question).
2016 NOTE:
The 2016 version of this question is not comparable.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520125
1956: V560112
1960: V600111
1964: V640176
1966: V660117
1968: V680519
1970: V700146(type 0)
1972: V720271
1974: V742224
1976: V763817
1978: V780353
1980: V801032
1984: V840314
1988: V880939
1990: V900510
1992: V926104
1994: V941039
1996: V961246
1998: V980523
2000: V001529
2008: V085151a
2012: effic_complicstd
===================================================================================================
VCF0615	

Matter Whether Respondent Votes or Not

QUESTION:
---------
2002: Now I'd like to read you a few statements about public life.  I'll
read them one at a time.  Please tell me whether you agree or disagree
with each of them.
ALL YEARS:
'So many other people vote in the national elections that it doesn't
matter much to me whether I vote or not.'
2000:
Do you agree strongly, agree somewhat, neither agree nor disagree,
disagree somewhat, or disagree strongly with this  statement?)
2002:
Do you AGREE, NEITHER AGREE NOR DISAGREE, or DISAGREE with this
statement?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Agree (2000: agree strongly/somewhat)
2. Disagree (2000: disagree strongly/somewhat)
3. Neither agree nor disagree (2000, 2002 only)
9. DK; depends; not sure; can't say; refused to say

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Pre IW; IW conducted prior to addition of question (2000)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
See introductory text VCF0609.
GENERAL NOTE:
The order in which questions VCF0609-VCF0618 appeared may have varied.
2000 NOTE 1:
Response options changed.
2000 NOTE 2:
This variable was added to the 2000 Post questionnaire after it had
already been in the field several days.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520122
1956: V560111
1960: V600110
1972: V720288
1976: V763349
1978: V780423
1980: V800144
2000: V001520
2002: V025171
===================================================================================================
VCF0616	

Should Those Who Don't Care About Election Outcome Vote

'If a person doesn't (1988: if people don't) care how an election
comes out he (1980,1984: then that person; 1988,1992: they) shouldn't
vote in it.'

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Agree
2. Disagree
3. Neither agree nor disagree (1988, 1990, 1992 only)
9. DK; depends; not sure; can't say; refused to say

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Pre IW; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
See introductory text VCF0609.
GENERAL NOTE:
The order in which questions VCF0609-VCF0618 appeared may have varied.
Prior to 1988, response options were read to R.  In 1988 and later,
response options were shown to R in the Respondent Booklet.
Code 1 includes: 'agree strongly' and 'agree somewhat' from 1988 and
later data. Code 2 includes: 'disagree somewhat' and 'disagree
strongly' from 1988 and later data.
1988 NOTE:
Placement varied by form.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520124
1956: V560113
1960: V600112
1972: V720289
1976: V763350
1978: V780424
1980: V800145
1984: V840311
1988: V880936
1992: V926101
===================================================================================================
VCF0617	

Should Someone Vote If Their Party Can't Win

'It isn't so important to vote when you know your party doesn't have
any chance to win.'

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Agree
2. Disagree
9. DK; depends; not sure; can't say; refused to say

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Pre IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
See introductory text VCF0609.
GENERAL NOTE:
The order in which questions VCF0609-VCF0618 appeared may have varied.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520117
1956: V560110
1960: V600109
1972: V720287
1976: V763348
1978: V780422
1980: V800143
===================================================================================================
VCF0618	

A Good Many Local Elections Unimportant

'A good many local elections aren't important enough to bother with.'

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Agree
2. Disagree
9. DK; depends; not sure; can't say; refused to say

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Pre IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
See introductory text VCF0609.
GENERAL NOTE:
The order in which questions VCF0609-VCF0618 appeared may have varied
by study.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520121
1956: V560114
1960: V600113
1972: V720290
1976: V763351
1978: V780425
1980: V800146
===================================================================================================
VCF0619	

Most People Can Be Trusted OR: Can't Be Too Careful With People

QUESTION:
---------
1968: 
Now here is something different.  We have questions on other things
besides politics.
ALL YEARS:
Generally speaking, would you say that most people can be trusted, or
that you can't be too careful in dealing with people?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Can't be too careful
2. Most people can be trusted
9. DK; other; depends; both; can't say; refused to say

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972); split versions: not asked (2008)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
1996 NOTE:
This question was asked in both the Pre and Post; Pre data are used
here.
2008 NOTE:
This question was administered to a random half sample of respondents
(verion 'G'); the remaining respondents were administered an
alternative version of the question (version 'H').
2012:
This question was not asked comparably in 2012.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1964: V640398
1966: V660136
1968: V680500
1972: V750581
1974: V742400
1976: V763745
1992: V926139
1996: V960567
1998: V980532
2000: V001475
2002: V025101
2004: V045186
2008: V083092a
===================================================================================================
VCF0620	

People Are Helpful OR: People Look Out for Themselves

QUESTION:
---------
Would you say that most of the time people try to be helpful, or that
they are mostly just looking out for themselves?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Just look out for themselves
2. Try to be helpful
9. DK; other; depends; both; can't say; refused to say

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
1968 NOTE:
See intro VCF0619.
2002 NOTE:
Respondents were randomly assigned to either VCF0620 or VCF0621.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1964: V640399
1966: V660137
1968: V680501
1972: V720582
1974: V742401
1976: V763746
1992: V926140
2000: V001477
2002: V025103
2004: V045188
===================================================================================================
VCF0621	

People Will Take Advantage of Others OR: People Will Try to be Fair

QUESTION:
---------
Do you think most people would try to take advantage of you if they
got a chance, or would they try to be fair?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Would take advantage
2. Would try to be fair
9. DK; other; depends; both; can't say; refused to say

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
1968 NOTE:
See intro VCF0619.
1996 NOTE:
This question was asked in both the Pre and Post; Pre data are used here.
2002 NOTE:
Respondents were randomly assigned to either VCF0620 or VCF0621.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1964: V640400
1968: V680502
1972: V720583
1974: V742402
1976: V763747
1996: V960569
1998: V980531
2000: V001476
2002: V025102
2004: V045187
===================================================================================================
VCF0622	

How Much Government Pays Attention to What People Think

QUESTION:
---------
Over the years, how much attention do you feel the government pays to
what the people think when it decides what to do -- a good deal, some,
or not much?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Not much
2. Some
3. A good deal
9. DK; other; depends; can't say

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Weight variable VCF0010/VCF0010A must be used if
distributions including 1970 data are desired:  see VCF0010.
Note that use of VCF0010/VCF0010A as a weight reduces the
1970 total N for this variable:  form 2 whites who should appear as
code 0 INAP cases are excluded from the 1970 total N.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0010x/VCF0010y/VCF0010z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1964: V640390
1968: V680490
1970: V700155(type 1)
1972: V720575
1974: V742234
1976: V763741
1978: V780416
1980: V800888
1982: V820527
1984: V840310
1988: V880960
1992: V926125
1996: V961256
1998: V980521
2000: V001539
===================================================================================================
VCF0623	

How Much Parties Make Government Pay Attention to People

QUESTION:
---------
How much do you feel that political parties help to make the
government pay attention to what the people think, a good deal, some
or not much?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Not much
2. Some
3. A good deal
9. DK; other; depends; can't say

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV 1972)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Weight variable VCF0010/VCF0010A must be used if
distributions including 1970 data are desired:  see VCF0010.
Note that use of VCF0010/VCF0010A as a weight reduces the
1970 total N for this variable:  form 2 whites who should appear as
code 0 INAP cases are excluded from the 1970 total N.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0010x/VCF0010y/VCF0010z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1964: V640391
1968: V680491
1970: V700156(type 1)
1972: V720576
1974: V742235
1976: V763742
1978: V780417
1980: V800889
===================================================================================================
VCF0624	

How Much Elections Make Government Pay Attention to People

QUESTION:
---------
(And) How much do you feel that having elections makes the government
pay attention to what the people think, a good deal, some or not much?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Not much
2. Some
3. A good deal
9. DK; other; depends; can't say

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Weight variable VCF0010/VCF0010A must be used if
distributions including 1970 data are desired:  see VCF0010.
Note that use of VCF0010/VCF0010A as a weight reduces the
1970 total N for this variable:  form 2 whites who should appear as
code 0 INAP cases are excluded from the 1970 total N.
2008 NOTE:.
A half-sample of respondents were administered this question with
response options in reverse order.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0010x/VCF0010y/VCF0010z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1964: V640392
1966: V660177
1968: V680492
1970: V700157(type 1)
1972: V720577
1974: V742236
1976: V763743
1978: V780418
1980: V800890
1984: V840309
1988: V880959
1992: V926124
1996: V961255
1998: V980522
2000: V001538
2002: V025178
2004: V045204
2008: V085154
2012: respons_elections
2016: V161220
===================================================================================================
VCF0625	

How Much Attention Congressmen Pay to Constituents

QUESTION:
---------
How much attention do you think most Congressmen pay to the people who
elect them when they decide what to do in Congress, a good deal, some,
or not much?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Not much
2. Some
3. A good deal
9. DK; other; depends; can't say

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Post IW; form 2 whites (1970); form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Weight variable VCF0010/VCF0010A must be used if
distributions including 1970 data are desired:  see VCF0010.
Note that use of VCF0010/VCF0010A as a weight reduces the
1970 total N for this variable:  form 2 whites who should appear as
code 0 INAP cases are excluded from the 1970 total N.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0010x/VCF0010y/VCF0010z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1964: V640393
1968: V680493
1970: V700158(type 1)
1972: V720578
1974: V742237
1976: V763744
1978: V780419
1980: V800891
===================================================================================================
VCF0626	

Respondent Usually Able to Carry Out Plans as Expected

QUESTION:
---------
1958,1960,1964: 
Now here is something a little different.  It helps use know what kinds
of people we have talked to if we can find out how they feel about
things besides politics.  For example..
1968-1972:
Now here is something different.  We have questions on other things
besides politics.
1976:
Now we have a few questions on other things besides politics.
ALL YEARS:
When you do make plans ahead, do you usually get to carry out things
the way you expected, or do things usually come up to make you change
your plans?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Have to change plans
2. Things work out as expected
9. DK; pro-con; it depends; both other; refused to choose

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1958: V580164
1960: V600240
1964: V640362
1968: V680496
1970: V700160(type 0)
1972: V720279
1974: V742397
1976: V763737
===================================================================================================
VCF0627	

Better to Plan Life a Good Way Ahead

QUESTION:
---------
Do you think it's better to plan your life a good way ahead, or would
you say life is too much a matter of luck to plan ahead very far?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Too much luck to plan
2. Plan ahead
9. DK; pro-con; it depends; both; other; refused to choose

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See introductory text VCF0626.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1968: V680495
1970: V700159(type 0)
1972: V720278
1974: V742396
1976: V763736
===================================================================================================
VCF0628	

Sure Life Would Work out as Expected

QUESTION:
---------
Have you usually felt pretty sure your life would work out the way you
want it to, or have there been times when you haven't been (1958: 
very) sure about it?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Haven't been sure
2. Pretty sure
9. DK; pro-con; it depends; both; other; refused to choose

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See introductory text VCF0626.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1958: V580160
1960: V600238
1964: V640360
1968: V680497
1970: V700161(type 0)
1972: V720280
1974: V742398
1976: V763738
===================================================================================================
VCF0629	

Can Run Life as Wanted

QUESTION:
---------
Some people feel they can run their lives pretty much the way they
want to; others feel the problems of life are sometimes too big for
them.  Which one are you most like?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Problems of life too big
2. Can run own life
9. DK; pro-con; it depends; both; other; refused to choose

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See introductory text VCF0626.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1968: V680498
1970: V700162(type 0)
1972: V720281
1974: V742399
1976: V763739
===================================================================================================
VCF0630	

Government Level Respondent Has Most Faith in

QUESTION:
---------
We find that people differ in how much faith and confidence they have
in various levels of government in this country.
In your case, do you have more faith and confidence in the national
government, the government of this state, or in the local government
around here?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. National government
2. State government
3. Local government
9. DK; none; all; other; depends; refuses to choose; combination of two

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Post IW; form I,III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1968: V680508
1972: V720453
1974: V742244
1976: V763593
1996: V961203
===================================================================================================
VCF0631	

Government Level Respondent Has Least Faith in

QUESTION:
---------
Which level (1996: of government) do you have the least faith and
confidence in -- the national government, the government of this
state, or the local government around here?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. National government
2. State government
3. Local government
9. DK; none; all; other; depends; refuses to choose; combination of two

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Post IW; form I,III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1968: V680510
1972: V720454
1974: V742247
1976: V763596
1996: V961204
===================================================================================================
VCF0632	

Branch of Government Respondent Trusts Most

QUESTION:
---------
Which part of the government on the list do you most often trust to do
what's right:  Congress, the Supreme Court, the President, or
political parties?  (LIST SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Congress
2. Supreme Court
3. President
4. Political parties
9. DK; all; none

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Post IW; form I,III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720450
1974: V742241
1976: V763590
===================================================================================================
VCF0633	

Branch of Government Respondent Trusts 2nd Most

QUESTION:
---------
Which of the others do you next often trust to do what's right
{Congress, Supreme Court, President or political parties}?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Congress
2. Supreme Court
3. President
4. Political parties
9. DK; all; none

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Post IW; form I,III,IV (1972); answered all, none, DK or NA 
   in VCF0632
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0632.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720451
1974: V742242
1976: V763591
===================================================================================================
VCF0634	

Branch of Government Respondent Trusts Least

QUESTION:
---------
Which {part of the government} do you least often trust to do what's
right {Congress, Supreme Court, President or political parties}?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Congress
2. Supreme Court
3. President
4. Political parties
9. DK; all; none

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Post IW; form I,III,IV (1972); answered all, none, DK or NA 
   in VCF0632
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0632.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720452
1974: V742243
1976: V763592
===================================================================================================
VCF0640	

Government Handling of Most Important Problem mentioned by Respondent

QUESTION:
---------
(IF R HAS MENTIONED A 'MOST IMPORTANT PROBLEM' IN THE NATION: )
How good (of) a job is the government doing in dealing with this problem:
a good job, only fair, or a poor job?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Good job
3. Only fair
5. Poor job
8. Don't know

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; R not selected (1996,2000); no Post IW; abbrev. Post IW (1984); 
   short form questionnaire (1992)
0. R has not identified any problem
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
This represents the follow-up question to VCF0875/VCF0875a/VCF0875b.
1996 NOTE:
A half-sample of respondents was randomly selected to be administered
questions about the 'most important problem'.
2000 NOTE:
same as 1996.
2004 NOTE:
The CSES version of this question, included in the 2004 study, is not
comparable.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1976: V763691
1978: V780316
1980: V800984
1984: V840994
1986: V860307
1988: V880818
1992: V925727
1996: V961142
1998: V980347
2000: V000437
===================================================================================================
VCF0648	

External Efficacy Index

QUESTION:
---------
External efficacy index, 100-pt scale

VALID CODES:
------------
0. Least efficacious
.
100. Most efficacious

MISSING CODES:
--------------
999. Not scored in both VCF0609 and VCF0613
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Built from VCF0609 AND VCF0613.
Component vars are first recoded as follows:  VCF0609,VCF0613:
1=0,2=100,3=50.  The recoded values are then totaled and divided by
the number of valid responses.  The result is then rounded.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF0649	

Government Responsiveness Index

QUESTION:
---------
Government responsiveness index, 100-pt scale

VALID CODES:
------------
0. Least responsive
.
100. Most responsive

MISSING CODES:
--------------
999. Not scored in both VCF0622 and VCF0624
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Built from VCF0622 AND VCF0624.
Component vars are first recoded as follows:   VCF0622,VCF0624:
1=0,2=50,3=100.  The recoded values are then totaled and divided by the
number of valid responses.  The result is then rounded.
Weight variable VCF0010/VCF0010A must be used if
distributions including 1970 data are desired:  see VCF0010.
Note that use of VCF0010/VCF0010A as a weight reduces the
1970 total N for this variable:  form 2 whites who should appear as
code 0 INAP cases are excluded from the 1970 total N.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0010x/VCF0010y/VCF0010z
===================================================================================================
VCF0650	

Federal Government Performance Rating

QUESTION:
---------
Now, I'd like to ask you how good a job you feel some of the parts of
our government are doing.
As I read, please give me the number that best describes how good a
job you feel that part of the government is doing for the country as a
whole.
THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT IN WASHINGTON

VALID CODES:
------------
0. Very poor job
1.
2. Poor job
3.
4. Fair job
5.
6. Good job
7.
8. Very good job

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. DK; NA; no opinion; haven't thought about it; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1974: V742251
1976: V763548
1980: V800762
===================================================================================================
VCF0651	

State Government Performance Rating

QUESTION:
---------
State governments, in general

VALID CODES:
------------
0. Very poor job
1.
2. Poor job
3.
4. Fair job
5.
6. Good job
7.
8. Very good job

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. DK; NA; no opinion; haven't thought about it; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0650.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1974: V742252
1976: V763549
1980: V800763
===================================================================================================
VCF0652	

Local Government Performance Rating

QUESTION:
---------
Local governments, in general

VALID CODES:
------------
0. Very poor job
1.
2. Poor job
3.
4. Fair job
5.
6. Good job
7.
8. Very good job

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. DK; NA; no opinion; haven't thought about it; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0650.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1974: V742253
1976: V763550
1980: V800764
===================================================================================================
VCF0653	

Presidency Performance Rating

QUESTION:
---------
The presidency

VALID CODES:
------------
0. Very poor job
1.
2. Poor job
3.
4. Fair job
5.
6. Good job
7.
8. Very good job

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. DK; NA; no opinion; haven't thought about it; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0650.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1974: V742254
1976: V763551
1980: V800765
===================================================================================================
VCF0654	

Congress Performance Rating

QUESTION:
---------
Congress, that is the U.S. Senate and the House of Representatives

VALID CODES:
------------
0. Very poor job
1.
2. Poor job
3.
4. Fair job
5.
6. Good job
7.
8. Very good job

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. DK; NA; no opinion; haven't thought about it; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0650.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1974: V742255
1976: V763552
1980: V800766
===================================================================================================
VCF0655	

Supreme Court Performance Rating

QUESTION:
---------
The U.S. Supreme Court

VALID CODES:
------------
0. Very poor job
1.
2. Poor job
3.
4. Fair job
5.
6. Good job
7.
8. Very good job

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. DK; NA; no opinion; haven't thought about it; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0650.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1974: V742256
1976: V763553
1980: V800767
===================================================================================================
VCF0656	

Trust in Government Index

QUESTION:
---------
Trust in government index, 100 pt scale

VALID CODES:
------------
0. Least trusting
.
100. Most trusting

MISSING CODES:
--------------
999. Not scored in all of: VCF0604, VCF0605, VCF0606, VCF0608.
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Built from  VCF0604, VCF0605, VCF0606, VCF0608.
Component vars are first recoded as follows:
VCF0604: 1=0,2=33,3=67,4=100;  VCF0605: 1=0, 2=100;
VCF0606,VCF0608: 1=0,2=50,3=100.
The recoded values are then totaled and divided by the number of valid
responses.  The result is then rounded.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF0675	

How Much of the Time Does Respondent Trust the Media to Report Fairly

QUESTION:
---------
How much of the time do you think you can trust the media to report
the news fairly?  Just about always, most of the time, only some of
the time, or almost never?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Just about always
2. Most of the time
3. Only some of the time
4. Almost never
5. None of the time [VOL]
8. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
2008 NOTE:.
A half-sample of respondents were administered this question with
response options in reverse order.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1996: V961339
1998: V980474
2000: V001429
2004: V045007
2008: V085024
===================================================================================================
VCF0700	

Who Will Be Elected President in November

QUESTION:
---------
Who do you think will be elected President in November?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Democratic candidate
2. Republican candidate
7. Other candidate
8. DK; depends

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; refused; no Pre IW
INAP. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520013
1956: V560012
1960: V600017
1964: V640018
1968: V680025
1972: V720025
1976: V763026
1980: V800054
1984: V840076
1988: V880098
1992: V923102
1996: V960381
2000: V000485
2004: V043093
2008: V083073
2016: V161146
===================================================================================================
VCF0701	

Registered to Vote Pre-Election

QUESTION:
---------
Now how about the election this November.  (1952-1964: Do you know if
you are; 1968-1980: Are you) registered/eligible so that you could
vote in the November election if you wanted to?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. No
2. Yes

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. DK; NA; no Pre IW; form II (1972)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
This is a pre-election var.
See VCF0737 for post-election registration question.
GENERAL NOTE:
Code 2 includes cases coded 'yes, qualified, I think so' from 1956,
1960 and 1964.  From 1980, code 0 includes 1 response that voters were
not required to register in respondent's state (this case was coded 1
in VCF0703).
Beginning in 2012, respondents were asked where they were registered
in both the Pre and Post. Summary registration status for these years 
can be found in VCF0703.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520077
1956: V560098
1960: V600099
1964: V640158
1968: V680131
1972: V720164
1976: V763032
1980: V800134
===================================================================================================
VCF0702	

Did Respondent Vote in the National Elections

QUESTION:
---------
1948: 
In the election, about half the people voted and about half of
them didn't.  Did you vote?
1962:
One of the things we need to know is whether or not people really did
get to vote this fall.  In talking to people about the election we find
that a lot of people weren't able to vote because they weren't
registered or they were sick or something else came up at the last
minute.  Do you remember for sure whether or not you voted in the
November election?
1952-1960,1964-1998, 2002 VERSION 1, and 2004 VERSION 1:
In talking to people about the election we (1972 AND LATER: often) find
that a lot of people weren't able to vote because they weren't
registered or they were sick or they just didn't have time. (1956-1960:
How about you, did you vote this time?)  (1964-1970: How about you, did
you vote this time, or did something keep you from voting) (1972-1976:
How about you, did you vote in the elections this fall?) (1978 and
later: How about you, did you vote in the elections this November?)
2000, 2002 VERSION2, and 2004 VERSION 1: In talking to people about
elections, we often find that a lot of people were not able to vote
because they weren't registered, they were sick, or they just didn't
have time.  Which of the following statements best describes you:
One, I did not vote (in the election this November);
Two, I thought about voting this time - but didn't;
Three, I usually vote, but didn't this time; or
Four, I am sure I voted?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. No, did not vote
2. Yes, voted

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. DK; NA; no Post IW; refused to say if voted; Washington D.C. 
   (presidential years only)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Code 2 includes 8 respondents from 1958, 8 respondents from 1962 and
14 respondents from 1968, who replied 'yes, I think so.'
1956 NOTE:
Code 2 includes 3 cases from:  'Nonvoter, NA preference; voted, but not
for president'.
1982 NOTE:
For congressional districts GA04 and GA05, an additional question
appeared:  How about the special US Congressional elections held
November 30th.  Did you vote in that election?  From 1982, code 2
includes all GA04, GA05 respondents who voted in either the November 2
general election or the November 30 special election, or both.
2002 NOTE:
Respondents were randomly assigned to either version 1 or version 2.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1948: V480018
1952: V520178
1956: V560203
1958: V580077
1960: V600201
1962: V620041
1964: V640286
1966: V660102
1968: V680310
1970: V700209(type 0)
1972: V720477
1974: V742319
1976: V763655
1978: V780470
1980: V800988
1982: V820501
1984: V840783
1986: V860261
1988: V880756
1990: V900279
1992: V925601
1994: V940601
1996: V961074
1998: V980303
2000: V001241
2002: V025016
2004: V045018X
2008: V085036x
2012: rvote2012_x
2016: V162065x
===================================================================================================
VCF0703	

Register and Turnout SUMMARY

QUESTION:
---------
Summary: did R register and vote

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Not registered, and did not vote
2. Registered, but did not vote
3. Voted (registered)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. DK/NA if voted; DK/NA whether registered (includes 1960 nonvoter 
   cases without pre IWs  and 1972 form II nonvoters); no Post IW; refused 
   to say if voted; Washington D.C. (presidential years only)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Derived from: vote variable VCF0702 and registration variable
VCF0701/VCF0737 (VCF0701 pre-election data for 1952-1976,1980; VCF0737
post-election data for 1978, 1982-later; for 1952 cases without pre-
election interviews, post-election data from VCF0737).
All respondents who reported voting have been coded 3, regardless of
whether they actually reported being registered.
No registration variable at all was present in 1958,1962,1966,1970 or
1974.
In some years a few respondents have declared that registration was not
required in their state; these cases have been included with
'registered'.
2004 NOTE:
This is a summary variable of vote and registration status.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520077,V520178
1956: V560098,V560203
1960: V600099,V600201
1964: V640158,V640286
1968: V680131,V680310
1972: V720164,V720477
1976: V763032,V763655
1978: V780484,V780470
1980: V800134,V800988
1982: V820519,V820501
1984: V840783,V840802
1986: V860261,V860276
1988: V880756,V880757
1990: V900279,V900280
1992: V925601,V925602
1994: V940601,V940602
1996: V961074,V961075
1998: V980303,V980304
2000: V001241,V001242
2002: V025016,V025017
2004: V045018x
2008: V085039a
2012: rvote2012_x,prevote_regist_addr,prevote_regist_noaddr,postvote_regist_addr,postvote_regist_noaddr
2016: V162031x,V162032x
===================================================================================================
VCF0704	

Vote for President- Major Candidates

QUESTION:
---------
1948: 
(IF R VOTED:) Whom did you vote for?
1952-1964:
(IF R VOTED:) Who did you vote for President?
1968-1976:
(IF R VOTED:) Who did you vote for in the election for President?
1980-LATER:
(IF R VOTED:) How about the election for President? Did
you vote for a candidate for President?  (IF YES:) Who did you vote for?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Democrat
2. Republican
3. Major third party candidate (Wallace 1968/Anderson 1980/Perot 1992,1996)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. Did not vote; DK/NA if voted; refused to say if voted; voted, but 
   not for president (1980-1992); DK/NA if voted for president; DK/NA 
   who voted for (1980-1992); refused to say who voted for; 'other' vote; 
   no Post IW
INAP. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1948: V480018
1952: V520178
1956: V560203
1960: V600201
1964: V640286
1968: V680316
1972: V720478
1976: V763665
1980: V800994
1984: V840788
1988: V880763
1992: V925609
1996: V961082
2000: V001249
2004: V045026
2008: V085044a
2012: presvote2012_x
===================================================================================================
VCF0704a	

Vote for President- Major Parties

QUESTION:
---------
Major party presidential vote (2 party)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Democrat
2. Republican

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. Did not vote; DK/NA if voted; refused to say if voted; voted, but 
   not for president (1980-1992); DK/NA if voted for president; DK/NA 
   who voted for (1980-1992); refused to say who voted for; 'other' vote; 
   no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0704.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1948: V480018
1952: V520178
1956: V560203
1960: V600201
1964: V640286
1968: V680316
1972: V720478
1976: V763665
1980: V800994
1984: V840788
1988: V880763
1992: V925609
1996: V961082
2000: V001249
2004: V045026
2008: V085044a
2012: presvote2012_x
2016: V162062x
===================================================================================================
VCF0705	

Vote for President- Major Parties and Other

QUESTION:
---------
Presidential vote  (major parties and all 'other')

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Democrat
2. Republican
3. Other (incl. 3d/minor party candidates and write-ins)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. Did not vote; DK/NA if voted; refused to say if voted; voted, but 
   not for president (1980-1992); DK/NA if voted for president (1980-
   1992); DK/NA who voted for; refused to say  who voted for; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0704.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1948: V480018
1952: V520178
1956: V560203
1960: V600201
1964: V640286
1968: V680316
1972: V720478
1976: V763665
1980: V800994
1984: V840788
1988: V880763
1992: V925609
1996: V961082
2000: V001249
2004: V045026
2008: V085044a
2012: presvote2012_x
2016: V162062x
===================================================================================================
VCF0706	

Vote and Nonvote- President

QUESTION:
---------
Presidential vote and nonvote

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Democrat
2. Republican
3. Major third party candidate (Wallace 1968/Anderson 1980/Perot 1992,1996)
4. Other  (incl. 3d/minor party candidates and write-ins)
7. Did not vote or voted but not for president (exc.1972)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. DK/NA if voted; refused to say if voted; DK/NA if voted for president (
   1980 and later); voted but not for president (1972 Only); DK/NA who 
   voted for; refused to say who voted for; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0704.
1972 NOTE:
Rs who voted but not for president were combined with NA.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1948: V480018
1952: V520178
1956: V560203
1960: V600201
1964: V640286
1968: V680316
1972: V720478
1976: V763665
1980: V800994
1984: V840788
1988: V880763
1992: V925609
1996: V961082
2000: V001249
2004: V045026
2008: V085044a
2012: presvote2012_x,rvote2012_x,prevote_presvt,postvote_presvt
2016: V162062x,V162031x,V162034
===================================================================================================
VCF0707	

Vote for Congressman

QUESTION:
---------
1952-1970: 
COUNTY OF REGISTRATION NOT DETERMINED [NO BALLOT CARD]:
How about the vote for Congressman. Did you vote for a candidate for
Congress?  (IF YES:)  Who did you vote for?  Which party was that?
1972:
COUNTY OF REGISTRATION NOT DETERMINED [NO BALLOT CARD]:
How about the election for Congressman-- that is, for the House of
Representatives in Washington?  Which party's candidate did you vote for
for Congressman?
1974,1976:
COUNTY OF REGISTRATION NOT DETERMINED: [NO BALLOT CARD]:
How about the election for Congressman-- that is, for the House of
Representatives in Washington?  Did you vote for a candidate for
Congress?  Whom did you vote for?  Which party was that?
1978:
ALL CASES [BALLOT CARD]:
Here is a list of candidates for the major races in this district. How
about the election for the House of Representatives in Washington?  Did
you vote for a candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?  (IF
YES:) Who did you vote for?
I. 1980-LATER - REGISTERED IN IW COUNTY:
.......................................
1980-1982,1984 PERSONAL,1986-1996,1998 PERSONAL,2000 PERSONAL
[BALLOT CARD]:
Here is a list of candidates for the major races in this district. How
about the election for the House of Representatives in Washington?  Did
you vote for a candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?  (IF
YES:) Who did you vote for?
1984 TELEPHONE [NO BALLOT CARD]:
I am going to read a list of candidates for the major races in your
district.  In the election for the House of Representatives, the ballot
listed: [Names and party affiliations of all House candidates on the
Ballot Card]. Did you vote for a candidate for the U.S. House of
Representatives? (IF YES:) Who did you vote for?
1998 TELEPHONE [BALLOT CARD]:
Please take out the (color) sheet of paper that was folded inside your
booklet.  There you see a list of candidates for the major race(s) in
this district. How about the election for the HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
in Washington?  Did you vote for a candidate for the U.S. House of
Representatives? (IF YES:) Who did you vote for?
2000 TELEPHONE,2002 [NO BALLOT CARD]:
How about the election for the House of Representatives in Washington.
Did you vote for a candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives? Did
you vote for (the Democrat, [NAME], or) (the Republican, [NAME]) (IF
IND/3RD PARTY CANDIDATE: or the [PARTY] candidate, [NAME])?
II. 1980-LATER - REGISTERED OUTSIDE IW COUNTY:
.......................................
1980-1996,1998 PERSONAL,2000,2002 [NO BALLOT CARD]:
How about the election for the House of Representatives in Washington?
Did you vote for a candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?  (IF
YES:) Who did you vote for? (2000: Which party was that?)
1998 TELEPHONE [NO BALLOT CARD]:
[TELL RESPONDENT, IF NECESSARY, 'We won't need to use the ballot card in
your booklet since you are in a different city/town/county).']  How
about the election for the HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in Washington?  Did
you vote for a candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives? (IF
YES:) Who did you vote for?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Democrat
2. Republican

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. DK; NA; R did not vote; R refused to say if voted; DK/NA if voted; 
   refused to say who voted for; 'other' (third party, independent vote) 
   name given by R not on candidate list (1978-1988); Washington D.C.; 
   no Post IW; voted but not for House of Representatives; DK/NA if voted 
   for House of Representatives; forms III and IV (1972); special 
   districts with no House race in 1978 (LA03,LA07,FL08,FL10); special 
   districts with no House race in 1980 (LA03, LA07); special districts, 
   with no House race in 1982 (LA05, LA07); special district with no House 
   race in 1986 (LA04)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
See also VCF0735,VCF0736,VCF1011-VCF1013
GENERAL NOTE:
The Ballot Card was introduced in 1978.
Note that VCF0707 and VCF0736 differ slightly from VCF1011-VCF1013 for
years prior to 1978: see VCF1011.
1952-1968:  When an 'incorrect' name--i.e., not on the list of
candidates which the interviewer had for R's congressional district--
was given with a party association, the party given was coded and is
represented here.  When a 'correct' name was given with an incorrect
party, however, the actual party associated with the named candidate
was coded in Study data: 'Smith, a Democrat' was coded as a Republican
if, in fact Smith was a Republican.  [In 1952-1968, party was asked for
only if R did not know the candidate name or gave an 'incorrect' name.
If R correctly named a candidate for his/her district without
volunteering party association, party was not asked for, and factual
party of candidate was coded.]  In 1958 ONLY, if the respondent gave
the correct name of a candidate from another race in R's district, then
R was informed of the named candidate's actual race and the question
for R's House vote was repeated.
In 1952, 1956, 1958, 1960, and 1964 this question was coded as a
multiple response allowing, when applicable, for candidate-at-large
mentions (2nd response) as well as district choice of candidates (1st
response).  Second responses were excluded in coding VCF0707.
1970-1976:  R's perception of candidate's party was coded.  If not
volunteered, party of candidate was always asked for.  If party
associated by R was not the actual party of a correctly named
candidate, party as mentioned was still coded. Even if an 'incorrect'
name (i.e., name not on the interviewer's list of candidate names--see
VCF1006 for description of lists) was given, party associated by R was
coded.
Ballot card 1978-1982, 1984 personal, 1986 and later: when R gave a
name not on the ballot card, the party of actual vote remained
undeterminable (0 in VCF0707), unless R voted outside district of
interview and R's major party vote from 'outside' district could be
established (if a recognizable name was given).
No ballot card 1980-later:  Respondents who had voted outside the
Congressional District of their sample selection location could not use
the Ballot Card, and question wording was altered somewhat. 1980 was
the first year that cases of 'outside' Congressional District voting
were identified.
1984 NOTE:
In Post telephone interviews, If the interviewer had the correct Ballot
Card at hand, then he or she attempted to read the names and party
affiliations of the House candidates [see question wording above].
1992 NOTE:
In telephone interviews, names were not read by the interviewer, but
attempt was made, in many cases, to leave ballot cards with respondents
if a telephone appointment was made.
1994 NOTE:
A 'ballot card' experiment was conducted; see VCF0012.
1996 NOTE:
same as 1992
2000 NOTE:
For respondents registered in county of interview, the order of
candidate names was randomized on the Ballot Card/as read by
interviewers.
2002 NOTE:
For respondents registered in county of interview, the order of
candidate names was randomized as read by interviewers.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520187
1956: V560212
1958: V580081
1960: V600211
1962: V620042
1964: V640290
1966: V660112
1968: V680323
1970: V700215(type 0)
1972: V720485
1974: V742322
1976: V763673
1978: V780474
1980: V800998
1982: V820507
1984: V840792
1986: V860266
1988: V880768
1990: V900289
1992: V925623
1994: V940614
1996: V961089
1998: V980313
2000: V001262
2002: V025028b
2004: V045031x,V045032x
2008: V085049x
2012: prevote_votehs postvote_votehs prevote_hsvtbc postvote_hsvtbc
2016: V162067x
===================================================================================================
VCF0708	

Vote for Senator

QUESTION:
---------
1952-1976: 
How about the vote for United States Senator?  Did you vote for a
candidate for Senator?  (IF YES:)  Who did you vote for? Which party was
that?
1978-1998,2000 PERSONAL,2000 TELEPHONE IF VOTED OUTSIDE COUNTY OF IW,
2002 VOTED OUTSIDE COUNTY OF IW:
(IF BALLOT CARD [1978-1998,2000 PERSONAL]: Still looking at the list of
candidates:) How about the election for the United States Senate?   Did
you vote for a candidate for the U.S./United States Senate?  (IF YES:)
Who did you vote for?
2000 TELEPHONE IF VOTED IN COUNTY OF IW [NO BALLOT CARD], 2002 VOTED
IN COUNTY OF IW [NO BALLOT CARD]:
How about the election for the United States Senate?   Did you vote for
a candidate for the U.S./United States Senate?  (IF YES:)Did  you vote
for (the Democrat, [NAME], or) (the Republican, [NAME]) (IF IND/3RD
PARTY CANDIDATE: or the [PARTY] candidate, [NAME])?
1992 CALIFORNIA:
We had two Senate races in California.  Which candidate did you vote for?
1996 KANSAS:
How about the two elections for the United States Senate?  Did you vote
for candidates for the U.S. Senate?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Democrat
2. Republican

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. DK; NA; R did not vote; refused to say if voted; DK/NA if voted; 
   refused to say who voted for; 'other' (minor/3rd party) vote; name 
   given by R not on candidate list (1978-1988); no race in state; no 
   Post IW; voted but not for Senate; forms III and IV (1972); Washington 
   D.C.; did not vote in regular Senate election (California, 1992 ONLY)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
See VCF0707 (Senate data coded in same manner as House data).
GENERAL NOTE:
1980-later cases administered without Ballot Card presentation include
respondents who had voted outside the state of their sample selection
location. 1980 was the first year that 'outside' voting was identified.
In California in 1992, in Tennessee in 1994, and in Kansas in 1996 the
regular Senate election and a second 'special' Senate election were
held.  This variable codes data for the respondent's vote in the
regular Senate election only.  [ NOTE special question wording was not
used for Tennessee in 1994].
2002 NOTE:
For respondents registered in county of interview, the order of
candidate names was randomized in text read by telephone interviewers.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520186
1956: V560211
1958: V580086
1960: V600210
1964: V640289
1966: V660110
1968: V680320
1970: V700211(type 0)
1972: V720482
1974: V742325
1976: V763670
1978: V780478
1980: V801001,V801002
1982: V820509,V820510,V820511
1984: V840796,V840797,V840798
1986: V860269,V860270,V860271
1988: V880773
1990: V900294
1992: V925628
1994: V940618
1996: V961093
1998: V980317
2000: V001275
2002: V025034x
2004: V045038x
2008: V085056a
2012: senvote2012_x
2016: V162086x
===================================================================================================
VCF0709	

Vote Ticket-splitting- President/House

QUESTION:
---------
Ticket splitting Presidential vs. Congressional vote

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Dem. Pres. - Dem. Congressional
2. Dem. Pres. - Rep. Congressional
3. Rep. Pres. - Dem. Congressional
4. Rep. Pres. - Rep. Congressional

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. DK/NA who voted for in presidential or congressional race; did 
   not vote; refused to say if voted; DK/NA if voted; refused to say 
   who voted for; 'other' (independent/3rd party) vote; name given by R 
   not on candidate list (1978-1988); Washington D.C.; no Post IW; voted, 
   but not for president (1980 and later); voted, but not for House of 
   Representatives (1978 and later); forms III and IV (1972); special 
   districts with no House race in 1978 (LA03, LA07,FL08, FL10); special 
   districts with no House race in 1980 (LA03, LA07);  special districts 
   with no House race in 1982 (LA05, LA07)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Derived from VCF0704 and VCF0707.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
2016: V162062x,V162067x
===================================================================================================
VCF0710	

Vote Ticket-splitting- President/Senate

QUESTION:
---------
Ticket splitting Presidential vs. Senatorial vote

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Dem. Pres. - Dem. Senate
2. Dem. Pres. - Rep. Senate
3. Rep. Pres. - Dem. Senate
4. Rep. Pres. - Rep. Senate

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. DK/NA who voted for in presidential or congressional race; did 
   not vote; refused to say if voted; DK/NA if voted; refused to say 
   who voted for; 'other' (independent/3rd party) vote; name given by 
   R not on candidate list (1978-1988); Washington D.C.; no Post IW; 
   voted, but not for president (1980-1992); voted, but not for Senate 
   (1978-1992); did not vote in regular Senate election (California, 
   1992 ONLY); forms III,IV (1972); no Senate race in state
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Derived from VCF0704a and VCF0708.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF0711	

Does Respondent Always Vote for the Same Party

QUESTION:
---------
Have you always voted for the same party or have you voted for
different parties for President?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Different party
2. Same party; mostly same party (1952-1970)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. DK; NA; no Pre IW; R has never voted
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Prior to 1972, this question was open-ended: 'mostly the same party'
(code 2) was either volunteered by respondent or deduced by
interviewer.  Starting in 1972, boxes labeled 'same' or 'different'
were available for the IWR to check.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520072
1956: V560094
1958: V580073
1960: V600096
1962: V620037
1964: V640155
1966: V660084
1968: V680128
1970: V700197(type 0)
1972: V720157
1974: V742212
1976: V763180
1980: V800351
===================================================================================================
VCF0712	

Timing of Respondent's Presidential Vote Decision

QUESTION:
---------
How long before the election did you decide that you were going to
vote the way you did?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Knew all along (incl.: always vote for same party; 1948 ONLY: all pre-
     convention cases)
2. When candidate announced (exc. 1948)
3. During conventions
4. Post-convention period
5. Last two weeks of campaign
6. On election day

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. DK; NA; unspecified 'other'; R did not vote; DK/NA if voted; refused 
   to say if voted; voted, but not for president; no Post IW; form III,
   IV (1972); abbrev. telephone IW (1984: see VCF0015); voted but 
   DK/NA/refused to say for whom (1964-1988 only)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix NOTE 'PRESIDENTIAL VOTE DECISION'.
1948 NOTE:
No code corresponding to code 2 was used; code 1 includes all pre-
convention mentions (no cases coded 2).
2008 NOTE:
Data will be available in a future release.
2012 NOTE:
Data will be available in a future release.
2016 NOTE:
Responses were coded using a new coding scheme devised in 2008 (2008 
and 2012 responses not yet coded accordingly). The collapse from the
new categories is different than for preceding (1956-2004) studies. 
Recoding from 2016 categories to VCF0712 codes is as follows: 
1 to code 6;  2,3,4,5 to code 5;  6,7,8 to code 4;  9 to code 3; 
10,11 to code 1;  all else to code 0.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1948: V480019
1952: V520183
1956: V560206
1960: V600204
1964: V640288
1968: V680318
1972: V720479
1976: V763666
1980: V800996
1984: V840790
1988: V880765
1992: V925611
1996: V961084
2000: V001251
2016: V161029b,V162036a
===================================================================================================
VCF0713	

Respondent Pre-election Intent for Vote for President

QUESTION:
---------
ALL YEARS EXC. 1948,1992,2012: 
So far as you know now, do you expect to vote in the national elections
this coming November or not? (IF YES:) Who do you think you will vote
for in the election for President?
1948:
On the coming Presidential election, do you plan to vote? (IF RESPONSE
NOT 'NO':)  Do you plan to vote Republican, Democrat or something else?
1992 and 1996:
We all know the election is some time away and people are not certain at
this point who they will vote for. Still, who do you think you will vote
for in the election for President?
2012 PRE-ELECTION: (IF R IS NOT REGISTERED BUT INTENDS TO REGISTER, OR
IF R IS REGISTERED BUT DID NOT VOTE YET:) How about the election for
President? Do you intend to vote for a candidate for PRESIDENT? (IF
YES:) Who do you think you will vote for? [DEM PRES CAND NAME], [REP
PRES CAND NAME], or someone else?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Democratic candidate (with or without qualifications, 1952-1976)
2. Republican candidate (with or without qualifications, 1952-1976)
3. Undecided; DK (except 1964)
4. R does not intend to vote (incl. 'no, qualified' if will vote, 1952-1976) 
     or does not intend to vote for President
9. Other candidate

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. DK (1964 only); NA; no Pre IW; DK/NA/RF (1952-1976: or pro-con) 
    if will vote; refused to say who will vote for; R already voted 
    (early) in pre-election reporting (2012,2016)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
This is a pre var.
For 1952-1976, codes 1 and 3 also include presidential candidate vote
intentions 'with qualifications.'   Codes for candidate vote intention
'with qualifications' did not appear after 1976.
In 1952-1976, if R's response to the question 'As far as you know, do
you expect to vote in the elections this November?' was 'yes,
qualified' (think so/ guess so/ probably, etc.), R was asked this
question; if R's response was 'no, qualified' (probably not,  etc.)
R has been included in code 4; if R's response was 'pro-con,' then
this has been coded 0.
After 1976, no codes appeared for 'yes, qualified,' 'no, qualified,'
or 'pro-con'.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1948: V480038,V480039
1952: V520081
1956: V560100
1960: V600101
1964: V640160
1968: V680133
1972: V720170
1976: V763044
1980: V800137
1984: V840425
1988: V880397
1992: V923805
1996: V960548
2000: V000792,V000793
2004: V043202,V043203
2008: V083169,V083169a
2012: prevote_intpres,prevote_intpreswho
2016: V161030,V161031
===================================================================================================
VCF0714	

Will the Presidential Election Be Close

QUESTION:
---------
(IF R PREDICTS A WINNER IN PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION: ) Do you think it [the
presidential race] will be a close race or will [R's predicted winning
candidate] win by quite a bit?
1980 AND LATER: (IF R REPLIES 'DK' WHO WILL WIN PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION:)
Do you think the presidential race will be close or will one candidate
win by quite a bit?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Will win by quite a bit
2. Close race
9. DK; pro-con; depends; etc.

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Pre IW; R replies DK who will win (1952-1976); R's 
   prediction NA
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
1956 NOTE:
Cases 'closer than last time,' 'same as last time' or 'not so close as
last time' are coded 0.
1964 NOTE:
If R predicted a winner who was not from the major parties, this
question was not asked.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520014
1956: V560013
1960: V600018
1964: V640019
1968: V680026
1972: V720026
1976: V763027
1980: V800055
1984: V840077
1988: V880099
1992: V923103
1996: V960382
2000: V000486,V000487
2004: V043094
2008: V083074
2012: preswin_close
2016: V161147
===================================================================================================
VCF0715	

State/Local Vote Straight Ticker or Split 5-Category

QUESTION:
---------
Howabout the elections for other state and local offices, did you
vote a straight ticket or did you vote for candidates from different
parties.  (IF STRAIGHT TICKET: )  Which party?/ (IF SPLIT TICKET:)  How
did you split it?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Straight ticket - Democratic
2. Split ticket - mostly Democratic
3. Split ticket - about half and half, NA how split
4. Split ticket - mostly Republican
5. Straight ticket - Republican

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. DK; NA; R did not vote; DK, NA if voted; refused to say if voted; 
   refused to say who voted for; form III or IV (1972); no Post IW; 
   didn't vote (or DK/NA if voted) in state and local elections; no 
   partisan state or local elections; voted straight ticket, NA which 
   party; voted straight ticket, 'other' party; voted split ticket, 
   mostly 'other' party; Washington D.C. (non-presidential years)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
1962 NOTE:
'Split ticket, mostly 'other' party' was combined in study data with
'split ticket, NA how split.'  Because of the very small number of
cases voting mostly or entirely for a 3rd/minor party, this combination
category was recoded to 3.
1958 NOTE:
If R voted Democratic or Republican with only 1 exception, then R
was coded as 'straight ticket.'

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520189
1956: V560214
1958: V580088
1960: V600213
1962: V620048
1964: V640292
1966: V660113
1968: V680328
1970: V700220,V700221(type 0)
1972: V720492
1974: V742332
1980: V801008,V801009,V801010
1982: V820516,V820517,V820518
1984: V840799,V840800,V840801
===================================================================================================
VCF0716	

State/Local Vote Straight Ticker or Split 2-Category

QUESTION:
---------
1948: 
Did you vote a straight ticket or did you vote for some candidates from
other parties?
ALL YEARS EXC. 1948:
How about the elections for other state and local offices, did you vote
a straight ticket or did you vote for candidates from different parties?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Split-ticket
2. Straight ticket

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. DK; NA; R did not vote; DK, NA if voted; refused to say if voted; 
   refused to say who voted for; form III,IV (1972); no Post IW; didn't 
   vote (or DK/NA if voted) in state and local elections; no partisan 
   state or local elections;  Washington D.C. (non- presidential years)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0715.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1948: V480023
1952: V520189
1956: V560214
1958: V580088
1960: V600213
1962: V620048
1964: V640292
1966: V660113
1968: V680328
1970: V700220(type 0)
1972: V720492
1974: V742332
1980: V801008
1982: V820516
1984: V840799
===================================================================================================
VCF0717	

Respondent Try to Influence the Vote of Others During the Campaign

QUESTION:
---------
1952,1956,1960-1964: 
I have a list of some of the things that people do that help a party or
a candidate win an election.  I wonder if you could tell me whether you
did any of these things.
1968,1972 AND LATER:
Now I'd like to find out (1990 AND LATER: We'd/we would like to find
out) about some of the things that people do to help a party or
candidate win an election.
ALL YEARS:
During the campaign, did you talk to any people and try to
show them why they should vote for (1984 AND LATER: or against) one of
the parties or candidates?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. No
2. Yes

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. DK; NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972); abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
The order of items corresponding to VCF0717-VCF0722 (participation
vars) may have varied by study.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520203
1956: V560215
1958: V580076
1960: V600215
1962: V620049
1964: V640313
1966: V660070
1968: V680388
1970: V7000167(type 0)
1972: V720468
1974: V742195
1976: V763529
1978: V780457
1980: V800793
1982: V820473
1984: V840818
1986: V860314
1988: V880825
1990: V900366
1992: V925807
1994: V940808
1996: V961165
1998: V980361
2000: V001225
2002: V025007
2004: V045010
2008: V085029
2012: mobilpo_rmob
2016: V162010
===================================================================================================
VCF0718	

Respondent Attend Political Meetings/Rallies During the Campaign

QUESTION:
---------
Did you go to any political meetings, rallies, (1984 AND LATER: 
speeches,) (1978,1980,1982: fund raising) dinners, or things like that
(1984 AND LATER: in support of a particular candidate)?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. No
2. Yes

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. DK; NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972); abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0717.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520205
1956: V560217
1960: V600217
1962: V620051
1964: V640314
1968: V680397
1970: V700169(type 0)
1972: V720469
1974: V742196
1976: V763532
1978: V780458
1980: V800795
1982: V820474
1984: V840821
1986: V860317
1988: V880827
1990: V900368
1992: V925810
1994: V940810
1996: V961167
1998: V980363
2000: V001227
2002: V025009
2004: V045011
2008: V085030
2012: mobilpo_rally
2016: V162011
===================================================================================================
VCF0719	

Respondent Work for Party or Candidate During the Campaign

QUESTION:
---------
Did you do any {other} work for one of the parties or candidates?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. No
2. Yes

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. DK; NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972); abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0717.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520206
1956: V560218
1960: V600218
1962: V620052
1964: V640315
1968: V680398
1970: V700171(type 0)
1972: V720470
1974: V742197
1976: V763533
1978: V780459
1980: V800796
1982: V820475
1984: V840823
1986: V860318
1988: V880828
1990: V900369
1992: V925812
1994: V940811
1996: V961168
1998: V980364
2000: V001228
2002: V025010
2004: V045013
2008: V085032
2012: mobilpo_otherwork
2016: V162013
===================================================================================================
VCF0720	

Respondent Display Candidate Button/Sticker During the Campaign

QUESTION:
---------
1956,1960,1962-1982: Did you wear a campaign button or put a campaign
sticker on your car?
1984 AND LATER:  Did you wear a campaign button, put a campaign
sticker on your car, or place a sign in your window or in front of
your house?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. No
2. Yes

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. DK; NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972); abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0717.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1956: V560220
1960: V600220
1962: V620054
1964: V640317
1968: V680399
1970: V700173(type 0)
1972: V720471
1974: V742198
1976: V763534
1978: V780460
1980: V800797
1982: V820476
1984: V840819
1986: V860315
1988: V880826
1990: V900367
1992: V925809
1994: V940809
1996: V961166
1998: V980362
2000: V001226
2002: V025008
2004: V045012
2008: V085031
2012: mobilpo_sign
2016: V162012
===================================================================================================
VCF0721	

Respondent Donate Money to Party or Candidate During the Campaign

QUESTION:
---------
1952,1956,1960,1962: 
Did you give any money or buy any tickets or anything to help the
campaign for one of the parties or candidates?
1964:
Did you give any money or buy any tickets or anything to help a party or
candidate pay campaign expenses this year?
1966,1968:
During this last year were you or any member of your household asked to
give money or buy tickets to help pay the campaign expenses of a
political party or candidate?  (IF YES)  Did you give any money or buy
any tickets?
1972,1974:
Did you give any money to a political party this year?
1976:
Did you give any money to a political party or make any other
contribution this year? (responses : 1. yes, 5. no, 7. tax check-off).
1978:
Did you give any money to a political party or candidate this year?
1980,1982:
Now a few questions about giving money during this last election
campaign:
What about other political contributions [other than tax check-offs].
Did you give any money this year to a candidate running for public
office?;
Apart from contributions from specific candidates, how about
contributions to any of the political parties. Did you give money to a
political party during this election year?
1984:
As you know, during an election year people are often asked to make a
contribution to support campaigns.  During the past year, did you give
any money to an individual candidate, to a political party
organization, people supporting a ballot proposition, or to a
particular issue or interest group?
(IF YES: Apart from contributions from specific candidates, how about
contributions to any political party organization.  Did you give money
to a political party during this election year? Now, apart from
contributions to a political party, did you give any money to an
individual candidate running for public office?)
1986:
As you know, during an election year people are often asked to make a
contribution to support campaigns.  During the past year, did you give
any money to an individual candidate, or to a political party
organization?
1988 AND LATER:
During an election year people are often asked to make a contribution to
support campaigns.  Did you give money to a political party during
this election year?  Did you give money to an individual candidate
running for public office?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. No (includes 'not asked for money' in 1966,1968)
2. Yes (includes 'tax check-off' in 1976)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. DK; NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972); abbrev. telephone IW (1984); 
   DK/NA if asked for money (1966,1968 only)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0717.
See also VCF0739-VCF0741.
For 1980, 1982, 1984, 1988 and later, a 'yes' response for either or
both questions has been coded 2.  A 'no' response combined with
'no' or 'DK' has been coded 1.  Two 'DK' responses have been coded 0.
(A 'no' response with 'NA' is coded 0.)
1984 NOTE:
In 1984, if R's response was 'No,' DK, NA to the filter question, then
the subsequent two contribution questions were not asked.  If R's
response to the filter was 'no,' VCF0721 has been coded 1; if R's
response to the filter was DK or NA, then VCF0721 has been coded 0.
For 1984 Rs who responded 'yes' to the filter question:  if R responded
'yes' to either or both of the following contribution questions, then
VCF0721 has been coded 2.  If R responded 'yes' to the filter but then
responded 'no' to both follow-up contribution questions or if R
responded 'no' to one contribution question and replied 'DK' to the
other, then VCF0721 has been coded 1.  Rs who responded 'yes' to the
filter but 'DK' to both follow-ups have been coded 0.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520204
1956: V560216
1960: V600216
1962: V620050
1964: V640335
1966: V660077
1968: V680423,V680421
1972: V720472
1974: V742199
1976: V763535
1978: V780461
1980: V800802,V800811
1982: V820481,V820490
1984: V840826,V840828
1986: V860320
1988: V880830,V880832
1990: V900371,V900373
1992: V925815,V925817
1994: V940812,V940814
1996: V961169,V961171
1998: V980365,V980367
2000: V001229,V001331
2002: V025011,V025012
2004: V045014,V045015
2008: V085033,V085034
2012: mobilpo_ctbcand,mobilpo_ctbpty
2016: V162014,V162016
===================================================================================================
VCF0722	

Has Respondent Ever Written a Letter to a Public Official

QUESTION:
---------
1972,1976: 
Aside from this particular election campaign, here are some other ways
people can be involved in politics.
ALL YEARS:
Have you ever written a letter to any public officials giving them your
opinion about something that should be done?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. No
2. Yes

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. DK; NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0717.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1964: V640318
1968: V680425
1972: V720474
1976: V763537
===================================================================================================
VCF0723	

Count of Campaign Participation Activities 6-Category

QUESTION:
---------
Campaign participation count [1]

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Lowest level of participation (none)
2.
3.
4.
5.
6. Highest level of participation in campaign activities

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. DK/NA in all questions; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972);  abbrev. 
   telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
See also VCF0723A.
GENERAL NOTE:
Derived from VCF0717-VCF0721.
This count is available for all years except 1952, 1954, 1958, 1966
and 1970. This is the sum of the number of 'yes' responses in vars
VCF0717- VCF0721, to which 1 is added.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF0723a	

Count of Campaign Participation Activities 4-Category

QUESTION:
---------
Campaign participation count [2]

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Lowest level of participation (none)
2.
3.
4. Highest level of participation in campaign activities

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. DK/NA in all questions; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972); abbrev. 
   telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
See also VCF0723.
GENERAL NOTE:
Derived from VCF0717-VCF0719.
This count is available for all years except 1954, 1958, and 1966.
This is the sum of the number of 'yes' responses in vars
VCF0717-VCF0719, to which 1 is added.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF0724	

Watch TV Programs about the Election Campaigns

QUESTION:
---------
1952,1956: How about television - did you watch any programs about the campaign 
on television.
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
1960-1972,1976: 
Did you watch any programs about the campaign on television?  (1960-
1972,1976: (IF YES:) How many television programs about the campaign
would you say you watched --  a good many,several, or just one or two?
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
1974:
A lot of people didn't pay much attention to the election campaigns this
year.  How about you--did you watch any programs about the campaign on
television? (IF YES:) How many television programs about the campaign
would you say you watched--a good many, several, or just one or two?
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
1978,1980,1982,1984,1986,1990,1992-2004:
(1978,1980,1982,1984: Some people don't pay much attention to
campaigns. How about you?) (1986: We're interested in this interview
in finding out whether people paid much attention to the election
campaign this year.)
Did you watch any programs about the campaign(s) on television?
(1978,1980,1984,1990,1996,2004,2008 VERSION 'OLD,'2012: IF YES: Would you
say you watched-- a good many, several, or just one or two?)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. No, didn't watch TV programs about the campaign
2. Yes, watched TV program(s) about the campaign  [a good many, several, just one 
    or two, DK/NA frequency]

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. DK; NA; split versions: not asked (2008); no Post IW; form II,III,
   IV (1972); abbrev. telephone IW (1984); R does not own a television
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
The order of media exposure questions (VCF0724-VCF0727) may have
varied by study.
2008 NOTE:
This question was administered to a random half sample of respondents
using verion 'OLD'; the remaining respondents were administered an
alternative version (version 'NEW') which was specific to the
Presidential campaign only.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520175
1956: V560199
1960: V600193
1964: V640284
1968: V680303
1972: V720463
1974: V742036
1976: V763604
1978: V780056
1980: V800749
1982: V820061
1984: V840729,V840730
1986: V860064
1990: V900065,V900066
1992: V925103
1996: V961002
2000: V001202
2002: V025002
2004: V045002,V045002a
2008: V085002
2012: mediapo_tv
===================================================================================================
VCF0725	

Hear Programs about Campaigns on the Radio 2-Category

QUESTION:
---------
1952,1956: 
How about radio--did you listen to any speeches or discussions about the
campaign on the radio? (1952 only: IF YES:) Would you say you listened
quite a lot or not very much.)
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
1960-1988,1992,1996:
(1960-1988: How about radio.)  Did you listen to any speeches or
discussions about the campaign on the radio?
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
1960-1980,1984-1988,1992 AND LATER:
Did you listen to any speeches or discussions about the campaign on the
radio? (IF YES:) How many programs about the campaign did you listen to
on the radio [1996 and later: Would you say you listened to] --a good
many, several, or just one or two?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. No, didn't listen to radio programs about campaign
2. Yes, listened to radio program(s)  [quite a lot (1952), not very much (1952), 
    a good many, several, just one or two, DK/NA frequency]

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. DK; NA; no Post IW; form II,III,IV (1972); abbrev. telephone IW 
   (1984); short form or Spanish language (1992)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0724.
2008 NOTE:
In 2008, wording was specifically for the 'campaign for President'
and 2008 data are therefore not included.
2012 NOTE:
Same as for 2008.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520174
1956: V560198
1960: V600192
1964: V640281
1968: V680296
1972: V720459
1976: V863600
1978: V780044
1980: V800745
1982: V820059
1984: V840723
1986: V860060
1988: V880138
1992: V923208
1996: V961335
2000: V001646
2004: V045005,V045005a
===================================================================================================
VCF0726	

Articles about Election Campaigns in Magazines

QUESTION:
---------
How about magazines-- did you read about the campaign in any magazines.
1952 IF YES: 
Would you say you read quite a lot or not very much?)
1960-1980,1984 IF YES:
How many magazine articles about the campaign would you say you read --
a good many, several, or just one or two?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. No, didn't read magazines about the campaign
2. Yes, read magazine(s) [quite a lot (1952), not very much (1952), a good many, 
    several, just one or two, DK/NA frequency]

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. DK; NA; no Post IW; form II,III,IV (1972); abbrev. telephone IW 
   (1984); short form or Spanish language (1992)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0724.
2008 NOTE:
In 2008, wording was specifically for the 'campaign for President'
and 2008 data are therefore not included.
2012 NOTE:
Same as for 2008.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520176
1956: V560200
1960: V600194
1964: V640282
1968: V680299
1972: V720461
1976: V763602
1978: V780046
1980: V800747
1982: V820060
1984: V840725
1988: V880136
1992: V923206
1996: V961333
2004: V045004
===================================================================================================
VCF0727	

Number of Articles about Election Campaigns in Magazines

QUESTION:
---------
1952,1956,1960,1964,1968,1972,1976: 
We're (1952: mainly) interested in this interview in finding out whether
people paid much attention to the election campaign this year.  Take
newspapers for instance--did you read (1972 ONLY: much) about the
campaign in any newspaper?
1974:
(IF R READS A DAILY NEWSPAPER:) Did you read anything about the campaign
this year in any newspaper?
1978-1986,1990:
Did you read about the campaign in any newspapers?
1988,1992 AND LATER:
(IF R HAS READ A DAILY NEWSPAPER IN THE PAST WEEK:) Did you read about
the campaign in any newspaper?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. No, read no newspapers about the campaign
2. Yes, read newspaper(s) about the campaign

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. DK; NA; no Post IW; split versions: not asked (2008); form II,III,IV
   (1972); abbrev. telephone IW (1984); DK/NA if R reads a daily newspaper 
   (1974); R did not read daily paper in past week (1988, 1992, 1996); 
   DK/NA if R read a daily paper in past week (1988, 1992, 1996); short 
   form or Spanish language (1992)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
See VCF0724.
GENERAL NOTE:
In 1974, 1988 and 1992, this question was preceded by a filter. The
1974 filter was:  Do you read a daily newspaper?  In 1988 and 1992 the
filter was:  How many days in the past week did you read a daily
paper?  Rs who replied 'no' [1974] or 'none' [1988] to the filter
question were not asked this question.  However, 1974 Rs who replied
'no' have been coded 1 while 1988 and 1992 Rs who replied 'none' have
been coded 0.
In most years, this question was accompanied by a follow-up question
which asked how much/how often R read campaign articles, how many
campaign articles R read, or how much attention R paid to campaign
articles. If the respondent had read articles at all, regardless how
little, then R has been coded 2.  Several 1986, 1990, 1992, and 1996
respondents who replied 'yes' to the main question, but who replied in
the followup question that they paid 'no attention' to articles, have
still been coded 2.  From the 1980 and 1984 studies, however, several
respondents who answered 'yes' to the main question but who then
volunteered in the followup that they read 'no' articles have been
coded 1 rather than 2.  The 1974 and 1978 follow-up questions have
been disregarded.
1972 NOTE:
Addition of 'much' to wording affected distributions significantly.
2008 NOTE:
This question was administered to a random half sample of respondents
using verion 'OLD'; the remaining respondents were administered an
alternative version (version 'NEW') which was specific to the
Presidential campaign only.
2012 NOTE:
Wording in 2012 was not comparable ('campaign for President')

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520173
1956: V560196
1960: V600190
1964: V640279
1968: V680292
1972: V720456
1974: V742046,V742063
1976: V763645
1978: V780072
1980: V800760,V800761
1982: V820062
1984: V840727,V840728
1986: V860062
1988: V880130,V880134
1990: V900063
1992: V923204
1996: V960247
2000: V000336
2004: V043021
2008: V085008
===================================================================================================
VCF0728	

Count of Media Exposure Types

QUESTION:
---------
Campaign media exposure count

VALID CODES:
------------
1. No media
2.
3.
4.
5. All four media

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. DK; NA; no Post IW; form II,III,IV (1972); abbrev. telephone IW (1984); 
   short form or Spanish language (1992)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
This count is available for 1952, 1956, 1960, 1964, 1968, 1972, 1976,
1978, 1980, 1982, 1984 and 1992. It is constructed from VCF0724-VCF0727
by summing the number of 'yes' responses, plus 1.
All variables must be asked in a given year for this count to be
calculated:  however, if all vars are asked but all are coded DK/NA (0
in VCF0724-VCF0727), then VCF0728 is coded 0.  If at least 1 var is
coded with valid data during a year when all 4 questions are used by
NES, then this value is computed.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF0729	

Party with House Majority Before the Election

QUESTION:
---------
1958-1968: Do you happen to know which party had the most Congressmen
in Washington before the election this/last month? (IF NECESSARY:)
Which one?
1970 AND LATER:
Do you happen to know which party had the most members in the House of
Representatives in Washington before the elections (this/ last) month?
(IF NECESSARY:)  Which one? (2000, 2004: DON'T PROBE DK)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Incorrect party mentioned; DK; No
2. Correct party mentioned

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Post IW; form II,III,IV (1972); abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
For 1968,1970 and 1972, 1 response of 'about even' has been coded 1.
1982 NOTE:
1 response 'other' has been coded 1.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1958: V580019
1960: V600226
1964: V640305
1966: V660100
1968: V680386
1970: V700207(type 0)
1972: V720950
1976: V763683
1978: V780500
1980: V801028
1982: V820523
1984: V841006
1986: V860349
1988: V880878
1990: V900402
1992: V925951
1994: V941012
1996: V961072
1998: V980479
2000: V001356
2002: V025083
2004: V045089
2008: V085066
2012: knowl_housemaj
2016: V161515
===================================================================================================
VCF0730	

Party with House Majority After the Election

QUESTION:
---------
1958-1968: 
Do you happen to know which party elected the most Congressmen in the
elections this/last month?  (IF YES:) Which one?
1970-1984:
Do you happen to know which party elected the most members to the House
of representatives in the elections this/last month?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Incorrect party mentioned; DK; No
2. Correct party mentioned

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Post IW; form II,III,IV (1972); abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
For 1968 and 1970, 5 responses of 'half and half' in each year have
been coded 1.
1982 NOTE:
2 responses 'other' were coded 1.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1958: V580020
1960: V600227
1964: V640306
1966: V660101
1968: V680387
1970: V700208(type 0)
1972: V720951
1976: V763684
1978: V780501
1980: V801029
1982: V820524
1984: V841007
===================================================================================================
VCF0731	

Respondent Discuss Politics with Family and Friends

QUESTION:
---------
Do you ever discuss politics with your family or friends?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V840105
1986: V860066
1990: V900068
1992: V925105
1994: V940128
1996: V961004
1998: V980211
2000: V001204
2002: V025003
2004: V045153
2008: V085108
2012: discuss_disc
2016: V162174
===================================================================================================
VCF0732	

How Often Respondent Discusses Politics with Family and Friends

QUESTION:
---------
Do you ever discuss politics with your family or friends
(RESPONDENT BOOKLET)
How often do you discuss politics with your family or friends --
every day, 3 or 4 times a week, once or twice a week, or less often
than that?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Every day
2. 3 or 4 times a week
3. Once or twice a week
4. Less often
5. Never/No (to lead-in)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. DK/NA how often; DK/NA if ever discuss; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Code 5 includes several cases where R answered 'yes' to lead-in
(see VCF0731) but when asked how often replied 'never'.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V840106
1986: V860067
1990: V900069
1992: V925106
1994: V940129
1998: V980212
===================================================================================================
VCF0733	

How Often in the Last Week Respondent Discussed Politics

QUESTION:
---------
How many days in the past week did you talk about politics with
your family or friend

VALID CODES:
------------
0. None or never discuss politics ('no' to lead-in)
1. One day
2. Two days
3. Three days
4. Four days
5. Five days
6. Six days
7. Every day

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. DK/NA how often; DK/NA if ever discuss; NA how often discuss in 
   general; DK how often discuss in general (1992,1994); no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Code 0 includes cases where R answered 'yes' to lead-in (see VCF0731)
but when asked how many days in past week replied 'never'; it also
includes cases where R answered 'no' to lead-in.
Respondents with NA response for how often R discusses politics with
family and friends (VCF0732) were INAP for this question.
Beginning 1992, respondents with DK response for how often R discusses
politics with family and friends (VCF0732) were also INAP for this
question.
1984 NOTE:
If R replied 'every day' for how often R discusses politics with family
and friends (VCF0732) then this question was not asked; for such
respondents 7 (every day) has been coded here.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V840107
1986: V860068
1990: V900070
1992: V925107
1994: V940130
1996: V961005
1998: V980213
2000: V001205
2002: V025004
2004: V045153a
2008: V085108a
2012: discuss_disc,discuss_discpstwk
2016: V162174a
===================================================================================================
VCF0734	

Intended Presidential Vote versus Actual Presidential Vote

QUESTION:
---------
Reported Pre vote intention/reported Post vote - President

VALID CODES:
------------
1. INTENDED Democratic: voted Democratic
2. INTENDED undecided: voted Democratic; INTENDED 'other' party: VOTED Democratic
3. INTENDED Republican: voted Democratic
4. INTENDED Democratic: did not vote/voted 'other' party
5. INTENDED undecided: did not vote/voted 'other' party;  
   INTENDED 'other' party: did not vote/voted 'other' party
6. INTENDED Republican: did not vote/voted 'other' party
7. INTENDED Democratic: voted Republican
8. INTENDED undecided: voted Republican; INTENDED 'other' party: voted Republican
9. INTENDED Republican: voted Republican

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA who will vote for; no Pre IW; no Post IW; DK/NA if will vote; 
   refused to say who will vote for; will vote, but not for president; 
   R does not intend to vote; DK/NA who voted for; R refused to  say if 
   voted; DK/NA if voted; refused to say who voted for; voted, but not 
   for president
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Derived from VCF0706 and VCF0713.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF0735	

Vote for U.S. House- Candidate Code

QUESTION:
---------
Candidate code of House vote

VALID CODES:
------------
IFR VOTED IN DISTRICT OF INTERVIEW:
DISTRICTS W/NO INCUMBENT RUNNING:
31. Democratic candidate
32. Republican candidate
DISTRICTS W/ RUNNING INCUMBENT:
33. Democratic incumbent
34. Republican incumbent
35. Democratic candidate
36. Republican candidate
39. Independent/minor party incumbent
DISTRICT W/ 2 RUNNING INCUMBENTS (REDISTRICTING):
71. Democratic incumbent in district with 2 incumbents (2012)
72. Republican incumbent in district with 2 incumbents (2012)
IF R VOTED OUTSIDE DISTRICT OF INTERVIEW:
DISTRICTS W/NO INCUMBENT RUNNING:
81. Democratic candidate
82. Republican candidate
IF R VOTED OUTSIDE DISTRICT OF INTERVIEW:
DISTRICTS W/ RUNNING INCUMBENT:
83. Democratic incumbent
84. Republican incumbent
85. Democratic challenger
86. Republican challenger
IF R VOTED OUTSIDE DISTRICT OF INTERVIEW:
ALL 'OUTSIDE' DISTRICTS:
91. DEMOCRAT -- no name given
92. REPUBLICAN--no name given
ALL DISTRICTS:
97. Non-incumbent minor party candidate; non-incumbent
     independent candidate; name given not on candidate
     list for race

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK; refused to name candidate
99. NA; District of Columbia (1982,1986,1996); write-in candidate 
    (1982); Louisiana (1978,1980, 1982,1986); Florida (1978); no Post IW
00. R did not vote; NA/DK if voted; refused to say if voted; voted but not 
    for House of Representatives; DK/NA if voted for House of 
    Representatives
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
See 1978-later question wording VCF0707.
See also VCF1011-VCF1013
GENERAL NOTE:
1980 was the first year that 'outside' Congressional District voting
was identified.
Codes 81-92 first appeared in 1980 study data (not in 1978 data).
1992 and later:  Code 97 includes cases where R volunteered that
he/she voted 'a straight ticket' but no candidate for R's party ran;
it also includes cases where R insists that he/she voted for a
specific party's candidate but no candidate from that party ran in R's
district.  For Rs who voted outside district of interview location,
code 97 also includes candidates named by R but whose CD and party are
not known.  It also includes cases where R names a candidate but the
name is not among names of candidates within a known 'outside' CD.
2012 NOTE:
Candidate codes were not assigned 2012 and later.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780474
1980: V800998
1982: V820507
1984: V840792
1986: V860266
1988: V880767
1990: V900288
1992: V925622
1994: V940613
1996: V961088
1998: V980312
2000: V001262
2002: V025028b
2004: V045033x
2008: V085050x
2012: typerace2012_hse,prevote_hsvtbc,prevote_hsvtnobc,postvote_hsvtbc,postvote_hsvtnobc
===================================================================================================
VCF0736	

Vote for U.S. House- Party

QUESTION:
---------
Congressional vote: including  'other' (see also: VCF0707)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Democrat
5. Republican
7. Other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. DK; NA; R did not vote; R refused to say if voted; DK/NA if voted; 
   refused to say who voted for; name given by R not on candidate list 
   (1978-1988); Washington D.C.; no Post IW; voted, but not for House of 
   Representatives; DK/NA if voted for House of Representatives; forms 
   III,IV (1972); special districts with no House race in 1978 (LA03, 
   LA07, FL08, FL10); special districts with no House race in 1980 (LA03, 
   LA07); special districts with no House race in 1982 (LA05, LA07); 
   special district with no House race in 1986 (LA04)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See notes VCF0707.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520187
1956: V560212
1958: V580081
1960: V600211
1962: V620042
1964: V640290
1966: V660112
1968: V680323
1970: V700215(type 0)
1972: V720485
1974: V742322
1976: V763673
1978: V780474
1980: V800998
1982: V820507
1984: V840792
1986: V860266
1988: V880768
1990: V900289
1992: V925623
1994: V940614
1996: V961089
1998: V980313
2000: V001263
2002: V025028b
2004: V045032x
2008: V085049x
2012: typerace2012_hse,prevote_hsvtbc,prevote_hsvtnobc,postvote_hsvtbc,postvote_hsvtnobc
2016: V162067x
===================================================================================================
VCF0737	

Registered to Vote Post-Election

QUESTION:
---------
1948: 
Were you registered (eligible) to vote?
All years exc. 1948:
Were you registered to vote in this election?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. No
2. Yes (includes Rs who reported voting)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; DK; no Post IW; Washington, D.C.; NA if R voted; DK if R voted 
   (1982 only); abbrev. Telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
This is a post var.  For the pre version, see VCF0701.
This question was asked of non-voters and, except for 1982, was also
asked of Rs who did not know whether they voted.
A few Rs declared they were not required to register and are coded 9.
Beginning in 2012, respondents were asked where they were registered
in both the Pre and Post. Summary registration status for these years 
can be found in VCF0703.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1948: V480026
1952: V520181
1978: V780484
1980: V801011
1982: V820519
1984: V840802
1986: V860276
1988: V880757
1990: V900280
1992: V925602
1994: V940602
1996: V961075
1998: V980304
2000: V001241,V001242
2002: V025016,V025017
2004: V045018x
2008: V085039a
===================================================================================================
VCF0738	

Party of Registration Post-election

QUESTION:
---------
Were you registered in this election as being a Republican, a Democrat,
an Independent or what?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Democratic party
5. Republican party
6. Voters: not required to declare party (VOLUNTEERED);
     voters: not required to register (VOLUNTEERED);
     non-voters: registered, not required to declare party (VOLUNTEERED)
7. Independent
8. Other party

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. DK; absentee voter; NA; nonvoter who declares that voters are 
   not required to register; NA if voted; refused to say if voted; DK if 
   registered; NA if registered; R voted but stated s/he was not registered 
   (Volunteered: 3 cases in 1978, 1 case in 1980, 5 cases in 1982, 1 case 
   in 1984, 2 cases in 1986); no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
0. R was not registered
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
This is a post var, asked of voters and of registered non-voters (and
also asked of Rs who did not know if they voted but who stated that
they were registered).
For voter or registered nonvoter who stated that registration did not
require declaration of party in R's area or if R was a (reported) voter
who stated that voters were not required to register: 6 has been coded.
Nonvoter Rs who replied that voters were not required to register in
their area have been coded 9.  Nonvoter Rs who replied 'DK' or NA when
asked if they were registered have also been coded 9. Nonvoter Rs who
replied that they were registered but, when asked for party of
registration, replied that voters were not required to register in
their areas have been coded 9.
If R was a non-voter who first declared registration status but, when
asked for party registered, replied that R was not registered, 0 has
been coded.
Beginning in 2012, respondents were asked party of registration in both 
the Pre and Post. A future release of the CDF will provide a summary
variable for party of registration that is not wave specific.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780471,V780485
1980: V800989,V801012
1982: V820502,V820520
1984: V840784,V840803
1986: V860262,V860277
===================================================================================================
VCF0738a	

Party of Registration Pre-election

QUESTION:
---------
(IF R IS REGISTERED) Are you registered as being a Republican, a
Democrat or anything else?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Democratic party
5. Republican party
6. No party/none (1976 also includes: none required)
8. Other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. DK; NA; DK/NA if R registered; form II (1972)
0. R was not registered
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
This is a pre-election variable.
Beginning in 2012, respondents were asked party of registration in both 
the Pre and Post. A future release of the CDF will provide a summary
variable for party of registration that is not wave specific.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720164,V720165
1976: V763032,V763033
===================================================================================================
VCF0739	

Respondent Made $1 Tax Checkoff for Political Contribution

QUESTION:
---------
1980-1984: Now for a few questions about giving money during this last
election campaign.
All YEARS:
Did you use the one-dollar check-off option on your
Federal income tax return to make a political contribution this year?'

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
2. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. DK; NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Code 2 includes volunteered responses that R does not file a federal
income tax form.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800799
1982: V820478
1984: V840824
1986: V860319
1988: V880829
1990: V900370
1992: V925814
===================================================================================================
VCF0740	

Contribute to Political Party During the Campaigns

QUESTION:
---------
1980-1982: 
Apart from contributions to specific candidates, how about contributions
to any of the political parties? Did you give money to a political party
during this election year?
1984:
As you know, during an election year people are often asked to make a
contribution to support campaigns. During the last year did you give any
money to an individual candidate, a political party organization, people
supporting a ballot proposition, or to a particular issue or interest
group? (IF YES:) Apart from contributions to specific candidates, how
about contributions to a political party organization? Did you give
money to a political party during this election year?
1986:
As you know, during an election year people are often asked to make a
contribution to support campaigns.  During the past year did you give
any money to an individual candidate, or to a political party
organization? (IF YES:) Apart from contributions to specific candidates,
how about contributions to a political party organization? Did you give
money to a political party during this election year?
1988 AND LATER:
Did you give money to a political party during this election year?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
2. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. DK; NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
1984 NOTE:
If R responded 'no' to the filter question, this has been coded 2.
1986 NOTE:
same as 1984.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800811
1982: V820490
1984: V840825,V840826
1986: V860320,V860323
1988: V880832
1990: V900373
1992: V925817
1994: V940814
1996: V961171
1998: V980367
2000: V001231
2002: V025012
2004: V045015
2008: V085034
2012: mobilpo_ctbpty
2016: V162016
===================================================================================================
VCF0741	

Contribute to PAC During the Campaigns

QUESTION:
---------
1984: 
As you know, during an election year people are often asked to make a
contribution to support campaigns. During the last year did you give any
money to an individual candidate, a political party organization, people
supporting a ballot proposition, or to a particular issue or interest
group? (IF YES:) Did you give any money to any other group that
supported or opposed candidates?
1986:
As you know, during an election year people are often asked to make a
contribution to support campaigns.  During the past year did you give
any money to an individual candidate, or to a political party
organization? (IF YES:) Did you give any money to any other group that
supported or opposed candidates?
ALL OTHER YEARS:
Did you give any money to any other group that supported or opposed
candidates?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
2. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. DK; NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
1984 NOTE:
If R responded 'no' to the filter question, this has been coded 2.
1986 NOTE:
same as 1984.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V840825,V840831
1986: V860320,V860325
1988: V880834
1990: V900375
1992: V925819
1994: V940816
1996: V961173
1998: V980369
2000: V001233
2002: V025013
2004: V045016
2008: V085035
2012: mobilpo_ctboth
2016: V162017
===================================================================================================
VCF0742	

Give Money to Individual Candidate During the Campaigns

QUESTION:
---------
1980,1982: 
What about other political contributions [other than tax check-offs].
Did you give any money this year to a candidate running for public
office?
1984:
As you know, during an election year people are often asked to make a
contribution to support campaigns.  During the past year, did you give
any money to an individual candidate, to a political party organization,
people supporting a ballot proposition, or to a particular issue or
interest group? (IF YES:) Now, apart from contributions to a political
party, did you give any money to an individual candidate running for
public office?
1986:
As you know, during an election year people are often asked to make a
contribution to support campaigns.  During the past year, did you give
any money to an individual candidate, or to a political party
organization? (IF YES:) Now, apart from any contributions to a political
party, did you give money to an individual candidate running for public
office?
1988 AND LATER:
During an election year people are often asked to make a contribution to
support campaigns.  Did you give money to an individual candidate
running for public office?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
2. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. DK; NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
1984 NOTE:
If R responded 'no' to the filter question, this has been coded 2.
1986 NOTE:
same as 1984.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800802
1982: V820481
1984: V840825,V840828
1986: V860320,V860321
1988: V880830
1990: V900371
1992: V925815
1994: V940812
1996: V961169
1998: V980365
2000: V001229
2002: V025011
2004: V045014
2008: V085033
2012: mobilpo_ctbcand
2016: V162014
===================================================================================================
VCF0743	

Does R Belong to Political Organization or Club

QUESTION:
---------
Do you belong to any political club or organization?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. DK; NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
1962 NOTE:
The following optional text was also included: 'to help one of the
parties or candidates'.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520207
1956: V560219
1960: V600219
1962: V620053
1964: V640316
1968: V680400
1970: V700172(type 0)
1978: V780463
1980: V800798
1982: V820477
===================================================================================================
VCF0744	

Have Access to Internet

QUESTION:
---------
Do you have access to the Internet or the World Wide Web [exc. 2008: 
('the Web')]?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. DK; NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
2012 NOTE:
In 2012, the question was asked about anyone in the household rather
than asked about respondent's access to the internet.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1996: V961160
1998: V980209
2000: V001433
2004: V045155
2008: V083018
===================================================================================================
VCF0745	

Saw Election Campaign Information on the Internet

QUESTION:
---------
1996-2004: (IF R HAS ACCESS TO THE INTERNET/WEB:) Have you seen any
information about this election campaign on (the Internet/the Web)?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No; R does not have access

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. DK; NA; DK/NA if has access; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
For years 1996-2004, this question is a follow-up to VCF0744.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1996: V961161
1998: V980210
2000: V001434
2004: V045155,V045155a
===================================================================================================
VCF0746	

Did Religious/Moral Group Try to Influence Respondent Vote

QUESTION:
---------
Were there any groups concerned with moral or religious issues that
tried to encourage you to vote in a particular way?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes, there were groups
5. No, no groups tried to encourage

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. DK; NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1996: V961175
1998: V980355
2000: V001235
===================================================================================================
VCF0747	

Information about Candidates/Parties/Issues at Church

QUESTION:
---------
Was information about candidates, parties, or political issues made
available in your place of worship before the election?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No, no information available
7. No, don't attend church [VOL]

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. DK; NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1996: V961176
1998: V980356
2000: V001236
===================================================================================================
VCF0748	

Voted on Election Day or Before

QUESTION:
---------
Did you vote on election day -- that is [date of election] or did
you vote at some time before this?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. On election day
5. Some time before

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. DK; NA; R did not vote; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1994: V940607
1996: V961078
1998: V980308
2000: V001245
2002: V025021
2004: V045023
2008: V085042
===================================================================================================
VCF0749	

How Long Before Election Did Respondent Vote

QUESTION:
---------
(IF R VOTED BEFORE ELECTION DAY: )
How long before [date of election] did you vote?

VALID CODES:
------------
01. Less than one week, 1-6 days
02. One week; 7 days
03. 1-2 weeks; 8-14 days
04. 2-3 weeks; 15-21 days
05. 3-4 weeks; 22-28 days
06. One month; 29-31 days
07. More than one month; 32-60 days
11. A few days; a couple of days; several days -- NFS
12. A few weeks; a couple of weeks; several weeks -- NFS
91. More than a few days -- NFS
92. More than a few weeks --NFS
97. Other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
99. DK; NA; R did not vote; R did not vote before election day or 
    DK/NA if voted before election day; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
2012 NOTE:
Not yet coded for the 2012 Time Series.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1994: V940608
1996: V961079
1998: V980309
2000: V001246
2002: V025022
2004: V045023a
2008: V085042a
===================================================================================================
VCF0750	

Vote in Person Or with Absentee Ballot

QUESTION:
---------
(IF R VOTED BEFORE ELECTION DAY: )
Did you vote in person or by absentee ballot?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. In person
5. Absentee ballot
7. R volunteers:  by mail [OREGON ONLY]

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. DK; NA; R did not vote; R did not vote prior to election day; no 
   Post IW
INAP. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1990: V900284
1992: V925606
1994: V940609
1996: V961080
1998: V980310
2000: V001247
2002: V025023
2004: V045024
2008: 08503
===================================================================================================
VCF0801	

Thermometer Index - Rating of Liberals and Conservatives

QUESTION:
---------
Liberal/conservative index

VALID CODES:
------------
00. Most liberal
.
49. Neutral
.
97. Most conservative

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK in VCF0211 or VCF0212; don't recognize OR can't rate (1980 and 
    later) in VCF0211 or VCF0212, or both
99. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
This index is constructed from the thermometer score for liberals
(VCF0211) and the thermometer score for conservatives (VCF0212).
The calculation used is the following:  First, the value of VCF0211 is
subtracted from 97, and that difference is added to the value of
VCF0212.  This sum is then divided by 2, and .5 is added to the
result.  Finally, the solution is truncated to obtain an integer
value.  If either VCF0211 or VCF0212 is 98, then VCF0801 is coded 98;
99 is coded in VCF0801 if it is the only missing data value coded
in VCF0211,VCF0212.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF0803	

Liberal-Conservative Scale

QUESTION:
---------
ALL YEARS EXC. 2000 TELEPHONE,2002: 
We hear a lot of talk these days about liberals and conservatives.  Here
is (1972,1974: I'm going to show you) a 7-point scale on which the
political views that people might hold are arranged from extremely
liberal to extremely conservative.
Where would you place yourself on this scale, or haven't you thought
much about this?  (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)
2000 TELEPHONE:
When it comes to politics, do you usually think of yourself as extremely
liberal, liberal, slightly liberal, moderate or middle of the road,
slightly conservative, extremely conservative, or haven't you thought
much about this?
2002:
We hear a lot of talk these days about liberals and conservatives.  When
it comes to politics, do you usually think of yourself as extremely
liberal, liberal, slightly liberal, moderate or middle of the road,
slightly conservative, extremely conservative, or haven't you thought
much about this?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Extremely liberal
2. Liberal
3. Slightly liberal
4. Moderate, middle of the road
5. Slightly conservative
6. Conservative
7. Extremely conservative
9. DK; haven't thought much about it

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972); R not administered 7pt scale 
   series (2000)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
For years 1984 and later, a follow-up 'choice' question was asked of
respondents who replied 'don't know' or 'haven't thought much' to this
question; except for years 1984, 1986 and 1990 this follow-up 'choice'
question was also asked of respondents who answered 'moderate.'  For
these years, a final 3-category summary was constructed:  the 'choice'
question is found in VCF0824; the final 3-category summary is VCF0849.
2000 NOTE:
This variable represents 7-point scale data from interviews conducted
using both modes (telephone and personal).
In addition to the traditional 7-point scale version of this question,
approximately half of the 2000 Study respondents (both modes) were
instead randomly selected for administration of a branching series.
2012 NOTE:
Due to an error in the technical specifications, option 'Haven't 
thought much about it' was not included in the web instrument; code 9
represents FTF cases only.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720652
1974: V742305
1976: V763286
1978: V780399
1980: V800267
1982: V820393
1984: V840369
1986: V860385
1988: V880228
1990: V900406
1992: V923509
1994: V940839
1996: V960365
1998: V980399
2000: V000440
2002: V023022
2004: V045117
2008: V083069
2012: libcpre_self
2016: V162171
===================================================================================================
VCF0804	

Liberal-Conservative Scale 1972- COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
ALL YEARS EXC. 2000 TELEPHONE,2002: 
We hear a lot of talk these days about liberals and conservatives.  Here
is (1972,1974: I'm going to show you) a 7-point scale on which the
political views that people might hold are arranged from extremely
liberal to extremely conservative.
Where would you place yourself on this scale, or haven't you thought
much about this?  (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)
2000 TELEPHONE:
When it comes to politics, do you usually think of yourself as extremely
liberal, liberal, slightly liberal, moderate or middle of the road,
slightly conservative, extremely conservative, or haven't you thought
much about this?
2002:
We hear a lot of talk these days about liberals and conservatives.  When
it comes to politics, do you usually think of yourself as extremely
liberal, liberal, slightly liberal, moderate or middle of the road,
slightly conservative, extremely conservative, or haven't you thought
much about this?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Liberal
2. Moderate, middle of the road
3. Conservative
9. DK; haven't thought much about it

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
See also:   VCF0801, VCF0824 AND VCF0849.
GENERAL NOTE:
This collapses VCF0803: 1-3=1, 4=2, 5-7=3.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF0805	

Government Assistance with Medical Care

QUESTION:
---------
1956,1960: 
Around election time people talk about different things that our
government in Washington is doing or should be doing.  Now I would like
to talk to you about some of the things that our government might do.
Of course, different things are important to different people, so we
don't expect everyone to have an opinion about all of these. I would
like you to look at this card as I read each question and  tell me how
you feel about the question.  If you don't have an opinion, just tell me
that; if you do have an opinion, choose one of the other answers.]
(CARD WITH RESPONSE CHOICES SHOWN TO R: AGREE STRONGLY/ AGREE BUT NOT
VERY STRONGLY/ NOT SURE, IT DEPENDS/DISAGREE BUT NOT VERY STRONGLY/
DISAGREE VERY STRONGLY).
'The government ought to help people get doctors and hospital care at
low cost.'
1962:
Now on a different problem. 'The government ought to help people get
doctors and hospital care at low cost.'  Do you have an opinion on this
or not?  (IF YES:) Do you agree that the government should do this or do
you think the government should not do it.
1964,1968:
Some say the government in Washington ought to help people get doctors
and hospital care at low cost; others say the government should not get
into this.  Have you been interested enough in this to favor one side
over the other?  (IF YES) What is your position?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Opinion: help people get doctors and hospital care at low cost
2. Opinion: stay out of this
9. No opinion; DK; not sure; depends; no interest; both; other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Pre IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
See also: VCF0806.
GENERAL NOTE:
For 1956 and 1960, 'agree strongly' and 'agree but not very strongly'
were coded 1.  'Disagree strongly' and 'disagree but not very
strongly' were coded 2.
1962 NOTE:
'Yes,' 'yes, qualified,' 'yes, for the aged' and 'yes, for those who
need it, for those financially unable' were coded 1.
'No,' 'no, qualified,' and 'no, except for the aged' were coded 2.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1956: V560038
1960: V600066
1962: V620057,V620058
1964: V640074
1968: V680064
===================================================================================================
VCF0806	

Government Health Insurance Scale

QUESTION:
---------
There is much concern about the rapid rise in medical and hospital
costs.  Some (1988,1994-LATER: people) feel there should be a
government insurance plan which would cover all medical and hospital
expenses (1984 AND LATER: for everyone).  (1996,2004: Suppose these
people are at one end of a scale, at point 1). Others feel that
(1988,1994-1996: all) medical expenses should be paid by individuals,
and through private insurance (1984 AND LATER: plans) like Blue Cross
(1984-1994: or [1996:some] other company paid plans). (1996,2004:
Suppose these people are at the other end, at point 7.  And of course,
some people have opinions somewhere in between at points 2,3,4,5 or 6.)
Where would you place yourself on this scale, or haven't you thought
much about this?  (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Government insurance plan
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Private insurance plan
9. DK; haven't thought much about it

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; split versions: not asked (2008); Form II (1972); no Post IW; 
   telephone IW (1984: see  VCF0015, 2000)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See also VCF0805.
2000 NOTE 1:
This variable represents 7-point scale data from interviews conducted
face-to-face.  Respondents interviewed by telephone were asked a
branching series and are not included.
2000 NOTE 2:
Approximately half of the respondents were randomly selected to be
administered this question with the introduction read with the
endpoint options in reverse order [private option first] and the
endpoint labels in the respondent booklet reversed.
2008 NOTE:
This question was administered to a random half sample of respondents
using verion 'OLD'; the remaining respondents were administered an
alternative version (version 'NEW').

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1970: V700134(type 0)
1972: V720208
1976: V763273
1978: V780381
1984: V841058
1988: V880318
1992: V923716
1994: V940950
1996: V960479
2000: V000609
2004: V043150
2008: V083119
2012: inspre_self
2016: V161184
===================================================================================================
VCF0808	

Guaranteed Jobs and Income

QUESTION:
---------
1956-1960: 
(Same introduction as in VCF0805 [CARD WITH RESPONSES SHOWN]).
'The government in Washington ought to see to it that everybody who
wants to work can find a job.'
1964,1968:
In general, some people feel that the government in Washington should
see to it that every person has a job and a good standard of living.
Others think the government should just let each person get ahead on his
own.'  Have you been interested enough in this to favor one side over
the other.  (IF YES:)  Do you think that the government --
2002:
Some people feel the government in Washington should see to it that
every person has A JOB AND A GOOD STANDARD OF LIVING. Others think the
government should just LET EACH PERSON GET AHEAD ON THEIR OWN.  Which is
closer to the way you feel or haven't you thought much about this?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes, government should see to it that every person has a job and a good 
    standard of living
2. Yes, should let each person get ahead on his own
9. Depends; other; both; no opinion; DK; no interest; haven't thought much about 
    this (2002)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Pre IW; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
See also:   VCF0809.
GENERAL NOTE:
For 1956, 1958 and 1960, 'agree strongly' and 'agree but not very
strongly' were coded 1.  'Disagree strongly' and 'disagree but not
very strongly' were coded 2.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1956: V560032
1958: V580023
1960: V600054
1964: V640078
1968: V680066
2002: V025122
===================================================================================================
VCF0809	

Guaranteed Jobs and Income Scale

QUESTION:
---------
Some people feel that the government in Washington should see to it
that every person has a job and a good standard of living.  (1972-
1978,1996-LATER: Suppose these people are at one end of a scale, at
point 1).  Others think the government should just let each person get
ahead on his/their own. (1972-1978,1996: Suppose these people are at
the other end, at point 7.  And, of course, some other people have
opinions somewhere in between, at pints 2,3,4,5 or 6.)
Where would you place yourself on this scale, or haven't you thought
much about this?  (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Government see to job and good standard of living
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Government let each person get ahead on his own
9. DK; haven't thought much about it

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Post IW; split versions: not asked (2008); form A (1986); 
   telephone IW (2000)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See also:   VCF0808.
1972 NOTE:
This question was asked in the pre for form I and in the post for form
II (and IV).
2000 NOTE:
This variable represents 7-point scale data from interviews conducted
face-to-face.  Respondents interviewed by telephone were asked a
branching series and are not included here.
2008 NOTE:
This question was administered to a random half sample of respondents
using verion 'OLD'; the remaining respondents were administered an
alternative version (version 'NEW').

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V721067
1974: V742265
1976: V763241
1978: V780357
1980: V801110
1982: V820425
1984: V840414
1986: V860486
1988: V880323
1990: V900446
1992: V923718
1994: V940930
1996: V960483
1998: V980457
2000: V000615
2004: V043152
2008: V083128
2012: guarpr_self
2016: V161189
===================================================================================================
VCF0811	

Urban Unrest Scale

QUESTION:
---------
There is much discussion about the best way to deal with the problem
of urban unrest and rioting.  Some say it is more important to use all
available force to maintain law and order -- no matter what results.
Others say it is more important to correct the problems of poverty and
unemployment that give rise to the disturbances.
Where would you place yourself on this scale, or haven't you thought
much about this?  (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Solve problems of poverty and unemployment
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Use all available force

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. DK; haven't thought much about it
0. NA; no Post IW; form I,III (1972); short form or Spanish language 
   (1992)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
1968 NOTE:
In contrast to other years, R self-placement followed rather than
preceded placements of parties/political figures.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1968: V680464
1970: V700085(type 0)
1972: V720670
1974: V742273
1976: V763767
1992: V923746
===================================================================================================
VCF0813	

How Much Has the Position of Blacks Changed

QUESTION:
---------
1964-1976: 
In the past few years we have heard a lot about civil rights groups
working to improve the position of the Negro in this country.  How much
real change do you think there has been in the position of the Negro in
the past few years: a lot, some, or not much at all?
1984 AND LATER:
In the past few years, we have heard a lot about improving the position
of black people in this country.  How much real change do you think
there has been in the position of black people in the past few years:  a
lot, some, or not much at all?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Not much at all
2. Some
3. A lot
9. DK; depends

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Post IW; telephone IW (1984); form A (1986); form B (1990)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Weight variable VCF0011/VCF0011A must be used if
distributions including 1970 data are desired:  see VCF0011.
Note that use of VCF0011/VCF0011A as a weight reduces the
1970 total N for this variable:  form 1 whites who should appear as
code 0 INAP cases are excluded from the 1970 total N.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0011x/VCF0011y/VCF0011z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1964: V640104
1966: V660042
1968: V680080
1970: V700070(type 2)
1972: V720111
1976: V763212
1984: V841075
1986: V860562
1988: V880846
1990: V900519
1992: V925930
1994: V941005
===================================================================================================
VCF0814	

Civil Rights Pushes Too Fast or Not Fast Enough

QUESTION:
---------
Some say that the civil rights people have been trying to push too
fast.  Others feel they haven't pushed fast enough.
How about you:  Do you think that civil rights leaders are trying to
push too fast, are going too slowly, or are they moving about the
right speed?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Too slowly
2. About right (1968 only:  pro-con)
3. Too fast
9. DK; depends; other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Post IW; telephone IW (1984); form A (1986); form B (1990)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Weight variable VCF0011/VCF0011A must be used if
distributions including 1970 data are desired:  see VCF0011.
Note that use of VCF0011/VCF0011A as a weight reduces the
1970 total N for this variable:  form 1 whites who should appear as
code 0 INAP cases are excluded from the 1970 total N.
1966 NOTE:
2 additional code categories were present besides those appearing
here.  For 1966, 'mostly about right but some going too fast' (8 cases)
was recoded to 3 here, and 'mostly about right but some going too
slowly' (1 case) was recoded to 1.
1968 NOTE:
The category 'about right' was a combination category which also
included 'pro-con.'

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0011x/VCF0011y/VCF0011z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1964: V640105
1966: V660043
1968: V680081
1970: V700071(type 2)
1972: V720112
1974: V742264
1976: V763213
1980: V801132
1984: V841073
1986: V860559
1988: V880845
1990: V900518
1992: V925929
===================================================================================================
VCF0815	

Segregation or Desegregation

QUESTION:
---------
(1964,1968-1972, 1976: What about you?)
Are you in favor of desegregation, strict segregation, or something in
between?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Desegregation
2. In between
3. Strict segregation
9. Don't know

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Weight variable VCF0011/VCF0011A must be used if
distributions including 1970 data are desired:  see VCF0011.
Note that use of VCF0011/VCF0011A as a weight reduces the
1970 total N for this variable:  form 1 whites who should appear as
code 0 INAP cases are excluded from the 1970 total N.
In years except 1978, this question followed questions asking R to
evaluate whether blacks/whites in R's area favor segregation.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0011x/VCF0011y/VCF0011z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1964: V640127
1968: V680088
1970: V700077(type 2)
1972: V720118
1976: V763217
1978: V780444
===================================================================================================
VCF0816	

Should Government Ensure School Integration

QUESTION:
---------
1962: 
How about this statement, 'The government in Washington should see to it
that white and colored children are allowed  to go to the same
schools.'  Do you have an opinion on this or not?  (IF YES:) Do you
agree that the government should do this or do you think that the
government should not do it?
1964-1986,1990 AND LATER:
Some people say that the government in Washington should see to it that
white and black (1962-1966: colored; 1968,1970: Negro) children go (1964-
1970: are allowed to go) to the same schools.  Others claim this is not
the government's business. Have you been concerned (1986,1990 AND LATER:
interested) enough about [in] this question to favor one side over the
other?  (IF YES)
Do you think the government in Washington should ---

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes, R has an opinion:  see to it that white and black children go 
     (1962-1970:  are allowed to go) to the same schools
2. Yes, R has an opinion:  stay out of this area (except 1962: as it 
     is none of government's business)
9. No, no opinion; DK; depends; no interest/concern; other; both; pro-con

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; Form A (1986); form B (1990); no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Weight variable VCF0011/VCF0011A must be used if
distributions including 1970 data are desired:  see VCF0011.
Note that use of VCF0011/VCF0011A as a weight reduces the
1970 total N for this variable:  form 1 whites who should appear as
code 0 INAP cases are excluded from the 1970 total N.
1962 NOTE:
Additional code categories were present besides those appearing here.
1962 categories 'yes, qualified,' 'yes, but there should be no force.
Moderate. Gradual,' and 'no, qualified' were recoded to 9 here.
1976 NOTE:
'Anti-busing statement qualified with statement that R is not against
integration or opportunity' has been included in code 9.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0011x/VCF0011y/VCF0011z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1962: V620062
1964: V640100
1966: V660025
1968: V680075
1970: V700062(type 2)
1972: V720106
1976: V763211
1978: V780443
1986: V860485
1990: V900470
1992: V925931,V925932
1994: V941003,V941004
2000: V000746,V000747
===================================================================================================
VCF0817	

School Busing Scale

QUESTION:
---------
There is much discussion about the best way to deal with racial
problems.  Some people think achieving racial integration of schools
is so important that it justifies busing children to schools out of
their own neighborhoods.  Others think letting children go to their
neighborhood schools is so important that they oppose busing.
Where would you place yourself on this scale, or haven't you thought
much about this?  (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Bus to achieve integration
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Keep children in neighborhood schools
9. DK; haven't thought much about it

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Post IW; telephone IW (1984: See VCF0015)
INAP. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720202
1974: V742288
1976: V763257
1980: V801133
1984: V841074
===================================================================================================
VCF0818	

Should Government Ensure Fair Jobs/Housing for Blacks

QUESTION:
---------
1956,1960: 
If Negroes are not getting fair treatment in jobs and housing, the
government should see to it that they do'
1958:
If Negroes are not getting fair treatment in jobs and housing, the
government should see to it that they do. Do you have an opinion
on this or not? (IF YES:) Do you think the government should do
this.

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Agree strongly
2. Agree but not very strongly
3. Not sure; depends; DK; no opinion
4. Disagree but not very strongly
5. Disagree strongly

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See also VCF9037 (jobs only).
Weight variable VCF0011/VCF0011A must be used if
distributions including 1970 data are desired:  see VCF0011.
Note that use of VCF0011/VCF0011A as a weight reduces the
1970 total N for this variable:  form 1 whites who should appear as
code 0 INAP cases are excluded from the 1970 total N.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0011x/VCF0011y/VCF0011z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1956: V560044
1958: V580031
1960: V600062
===================================================================================================
VCF0819	

Open Housing

QUESTION:
---------
1964,1968-1972,1976: 
Which of these statements would you agree with: (STATEMENTS CONTAINED IN
CODE CATEGORIES READ TO R)
1966:
Some people say that Negroes should be allowed to live in any part of
town they want to.  How do you feel?  Should Negroes be allowed to live
in any part of town they want to, or not?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. White people have a right to keep Negroes out of their neighborhoods 
     if they want to
2. Negroes have a right to live wherever they can afford to, just like anybody 
     else
9. DK; depends; can't decide; both

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Weight variable VCF0011/VCF0011A must be used if
distributions including 1970 data are desired:  see VCF0011.
Note that use of VCF0011/VCF0011A as a weight reduces the
1970 total N for this variable:  form 1 whites who should appear as
code 0 INAP cases are excluded from the 1970 total N.
1966 NOTE:
code categories were:  'should be allowed' (recoded to 2 HERE), 'should
be allowed, qualified' (recoded to 2), 'should not be allowed' (recoded
to 1) and 'should not be allowed, qualified' (recoded to 1).

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0011x/VCF0011y/VCF0011z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1964: V640116
1966: V660152
1968: V680084
1970: V700068(type 2)
1972: V720115
1976: V763214
===================================================================================================
VCF0820	

Do Whites in the Area Favor Segregation

QUESTION:
---------
How about white people in this area?  How many would you say are in
favor of strict segregation of the races - all of them, most of them,
about half, less than half of them, or none of them?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. None of them
2. Less than half
3. About half
4. Most of them
5. All of them
9. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no whites in R's area; Rs erroneously not asked this question 
   (1964)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Weight variable VCF0011/VCF0011A must be used if
distributions including 1970 data are desired:  see VCF0011.
Note that use of VCF0011/VCF0011A as a weight reduces the
1970 total N for this variable:  form 1 whites who should appear as
code 0 INAP cases are excluded from the 1970 total N.
In all years, this question followed VCF0821.
'No whites in area' is represented in code 0.
1964 NOTE 1:
219 were not asked this question by error.
1964 NOTE 2:
This question was preceded by 7 questions about the racial composition
of R's neighborhood, nearest grade school, nearest junior high school,
nearest high school, co-workers, friends and of the people where R
shops and trades.  If the responses to these 7 questions did not reveal
the presence of any white people, then this question was not asked, and
VCF0820 has been coded 0.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0011x/VCF0011y/VCF0011z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1964: V640126
1968: V680087
1970: V700076(type 2)
1972: V720117
1976: V763216
===================================================================================================
VCF0821	

Do Blacks in the Area Favor Desegregation

QUESTION:
---------
In general, how many of the black people (1964,1968,1970: Negroes) in
this area would you say are in favor of desegregation -- all of them,
most of them, about half, less than half of them, or none of them?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. None of them
2. Less than half
3. About half
4. Most of them
5. All of them
9. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Blacks in R's area
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Weight variable VCF0011/VCF0011A must be used if
distributions including 1970 data are desired:  see VCF0011.
Note that use of VCF0011/VCF0011A as a weight reduces the
1970 total N for this variable:  form 1 whites who should appear as
code 0 INAP cases are excluded from the 1970 total N.
In all years, this question followed VCF0821.
'No blacks in area' is represented in code 0.
1964 NOTE 1:
219 were not asked this question by error.
1964 NOTE 2:
This question was preceded by 7 questions about the racial composition
of R's neighborhood, nearest grade school, nearest junior high school,
nearest high school, co-workers, friends and of the people where R
shops and trades.  If the responses to these 7 questions did not reveal
the presence of any white people, then this question was not asked, and
VCF0820 has been coded 0.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0011x/VCF0011y/VCF0011z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1964: V640125
1968: V680086
1970: V700074(type 2)
1972: V720116
1976: V763215
===================================================================================================
VCF0822	

Rating of Government Economic Policy

QUESTION:
---------
As to the economic policy of the government -- I mean steps taken to
fight inflation or unemployment -- would you say the government is
doing a good job, only fair, or a poor job?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Poor job
2. Only fair
3. Good job

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. DK
0. NA; Form II,III,IV (1972); no Post IW
INAP. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720512
1974: V742317
1976: V763748
===================================================================================================
VCF0823	

Better off if U.S. Unconcerned with Rest of World

QUESTION:
---------
1956-1960: (Same introduction as in VCF0805 [CARD WITH RESPONSES SHOWN]).
1968,1980:
Now I'd like to read some of the things people tell us when we interview
them (1968: and ask you; 1980: As I read, please tell me) whether you
agree or disagree with them.
1972: I'd like you to tell me whether you agree or disagree with each
of these next six statements.
1976: I am going to read you two statements about US foreign policy and
I would like you to tell me whether you agree or disagree with each
statement
1984-1988,1992:  I am going to read a statement about US foreign policy,
and I would like you to tell me whether you agree or disagree.
1990,1994-LATER:  Do you agree or disagree with this statement.
ALL YEARS:
'This country would be better off if we just stayed home and did not
concern ourselves with problems in other parts of the world.'

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Agree (1956-1960:  incl. 'agree strongly' and 'agree but not strongly')
2. Disagree (1956-1960: incl. 'disagree strongly' and 'disagree but not strongly')
9. DK; depends; not sure; no opinion, can't say; refused to say

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Pre IW; no Post IW; telephone IW (1984: see v.15); form B 
   (1986); form A (1990); noncomparable question format (2000)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
2000 NOTE:
Respondents were randomly selected for administration of the standard
version of this question or an alternative version offering opposing
positions on isolationism.  Only data from the traditional format are
represented here.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1956: V560035
1958: V580025
1960: V600056
1968: V680522
1972: V720291
1976: V763926
1980: V801036
1984: V841057
1986: V860535
1988: V880254
1990: V900498
1992: V923604
1994: V941019
1996: V960410
1998: V980488
2000: V000513a
2002: V023033
2004: V043113
2008: V083096
2012: usworld_stay
2016: V161153
===================================================================================================
VCF0824	

If Compelled to Choose Liberal or Conservative

QUESTION:
---------
We hear a lot of talk these days about liberals and conservatives.
Here is (1972,1974: I'm going to show you) a 7-point scale on which
the political views that people might hold are arranged from extremely
liberal to extremely conservative.  Where would you place yourself on
this scale, or haven't you thought much about this? (7-POINT SCALE
SHOWN TO R).
(IF R RESPONDS 'DON'T KNOW' OR 'HAVEN'T THOUGHT MUCH ABOUT THIS' IN
1984 AND LATER; IF R RESPONDS 'MODERATE' IN 1988,1992,1996-LATER:)
If you had to choose, would you consider yourself a liberal or a
conservative?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Liberal
3. Moderate ('middle of the road') [VOL]
5. Conservative
7. R refuses to choose
8. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA in either question
0. R has made choice on 7pt scale VCF0803 1984,1986,1990); R has made 
   choice on VCF0803 7pt scale other than 'moderate' (1988,1992 and later); 
   R not administered 7pt scale series (2000); no post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
See also VCF0803 and VCF0849.
GENERAL NOTE:
This is the  follow-up 'choice' question asked 1984 and later of Rs
who replied to the full 7-point scale question (VCF0803) with 'Don't
know' or 'haven't thought much'; except for years 1984, 1986 and 1990
this question was also asked of Respondents who answered 'moderate.'
Using the initial 7-point scale (VCF0803) and this follow-up, a final
3-category summary was also constructed in these years: the final 3-
category summary is VCF0849.
If R's response to the 7-point scale question (VCF0803) was NA then
this follow-up question was not asked.
2000 NOTE:
This variable represents 7-point scale data from interviews conducted
using both modes; approximately half of the 2000 Study respondents (both
modes) were randomly selected for administration of a branching
series.  The latter respondents are excluded here.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V840370
1986: V860386
1988: V880229
1990: V900407
1992: V923511,V923512
1994: V940839,V940840
1996: V960366
1998: V980401
2000: V000441
2002: V023023
2004: V045117,V045117a
2008: V083069a
2012: libcpre_choose
2016: V161127
===================================================================================================
VCF0825	

How Likely for U.S. to be at War/in Bigger War

QUESTION:
---------
How about the chances of our country getting into a bigger war?
Compared to a few years ago, do you think we are more likely, less
likely, or have about the same chances to get into a bigger war?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Less likely
2. About the same chances
3. More likely
9. DK; depends

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; Form II (1972)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Weight variable VCF0010/VCF0010A must be used if
distributions including 1970 data are desired:  see VCF0010.
Note that use of VCF0010/VCF0010A as a weight reduces the
1970 total N for this variable:  form 2 whites who should appear as
code 0 INAP cases are excluded from the 1970 total N.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0010x/VCF0010y/VCF0010z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1966: V660039
1968: V680116
1970: V700045(type 1)
1972: V720051
===================================================================================================
VCF0826	

Did U.S. Do Right Thing Getting Involved in War

QUESTION:
---------
1952: 
Do you think we did the right thing in getting into the fighting in
Korea two years ago or should we have stayed out?
1964,1966:
Have you been paying attention to what is going on in Vietnam?  (IF
YES:) Do you think we did the right thing in getting into the fighting
in Vietnam or should we have stayed out?
1968-1972:
Do you think we did the right thing in getting into the fighting in
Vietnam or should we have stayed out?
2008:
Do you think the United States should or should not have sent
troops to fight the war in Iraq in 2003?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. No, should have stayed out
2. Yes, did right thing
8. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. Depends (1964-1972); both (1964-1972); other (1964, 1972); pro-con 
   (1952); have not paid attention (1964,1966)
0. NA; no Pre IW; no Post IW; refused to answer (1966)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
1966 NOTE:
Rs were not asked the filter question ('have you been paying
attention...') if they had named Vietnam as a problem in the 'Most
Important Problem' question (see VCF0875).

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520054
1964: V640350
1966: V660035
1968: V680103
1970: V700041(type 0)
1972: V720050
2008: V085298
===================================================================================================
VCF0827	

How Should U.S. Proceed in Current War

QUESTION:
---------
1952: 
Which of the following things do you think it would be best for us to do
now in Korea? (OPTIONS CORRESPONDING TO CODE CATEGORIES READ TO R)
1964-1970:
Which of the following do you think we should do now in Vietnam?
(OPTIONS CORRESPONDING TO CODE CATEGORIES READ OR SHOWN)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Pull out entirely
2. Keep trying to get a peaceful settlement (1952); keep our soldiers in 
      Vietnam but try to end the fighting (1964-1970)
3. Take a stronger stand (1952: and bomb Manchuria and China; 1964: even if 
      it means invading North Vietnam)
9. DK; depends; pro-con; no opinion; other; have not paid attention (1964,
      1966 only)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Pre IW; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
1964 NOTE:
This question was not asked if R responded 'no' to the VCF0826 filter
question ('have you been paying attention...') or, in 1964 only, if R's
response to VCF0826 was NA.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520055
1964: V640351
1966: V660036
1968: V680104
1970: V700042(type 0)
===================================================================================================
VCF0827a	

U.S. Stand in Vietnam Scale

QUESTION:
---------
(1968,1970: There is much talk about 'hawks' and 'doves' in connection
with Vietnam, and considerable disagreement as to what action the United
States should take in Vietnam.) (1972: With regard to Vietnam,)
Some people think we should do everything necessary to win a complete
military victory, no matter what results. Some people think we should
withdraw completely from Vietnam right now, no matter what results.
And, of course, other people have opinions somewhere between these two
extreme positions.  Suppose the people who support an immediate
withdrawal are at one end of this scale (show card to R) at point number
1.  And suppose the people who support a complete military victory are
at the other end of the scale at point number 7. At what point on the
scale would you place yourself on this scale (1972 only: or haven't you
thought much about this)? [RESPONDENT BOOKLET]

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Immediate withdrawal
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Complete military victory
8. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; no Post IW; assigned to Post administration and no Post IW (1972)
0. Haven't thought much about it (1972 only)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
1972 NOTE:
Respondents were assigned to pre or post administration by form.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1968: V680470
1970: V700092(type 0)
1972: V721069
===================================================================================================
VCF0828	

Should Government Cut Military Spending

QUESTION:
---------
Some people believe that our armed forces are already powerful enough
and that we should spend less money for defense.  Others feel that
military spending should at least continue at the present level.
How do you feel - should military spending be cut, or should it
continue at least at the present level?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Cut military spending
2. Continue spending at least at present level
9. DK; depends; pro-con; other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Post IW; form II,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See also VCF0843.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720588
1976: V763357
===================================================================================================
VCF0829	

Is the Government in Washington Too Strong

QUESTION:
---------
Some people are afraid the government in Washington is getting too
powerful for the good of the country and the individual person.
Others feel that the government in Washington is not getting too
strong (1964,1966,1970: has not gotten too strong for the good of the
country).
1964-1972:
Have you been interested enough in this to favor one side over the other?
1976-1992:
Do you have an opinion on this or not?
ALL YEARS:
(IF YES:)  What is your feeling?  Do you think the government is too
powerful or do you think the government is not getting too strong?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Opinion: the government has not gotten too strong
2. Opinion: the government is getting too powerful
9. DK; depends; other; pro-con; no interest; no opinion

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; Form I (1972); no Post IW; telephone IW (1984: see v.15)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
In 1964-1968, these questions were combined into a single variable.
Beginning in 1970, the filter question ('have you been interested
enough..')  was represented in a separate variable.  Beginning in
1970, in cases where R's response to the filter question was 'no' or
'DK,' then 9 has been coded.
1992 NOTE:
46 cases were not asked this question due to an error in skip
instructions.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1964: V640071
1966: V660021
1968: V680062
1970: V700058,V700059(type 0)
1972: V720056,V720057
1976: V763224,V763225
1978: V780453,V780454
1980: V801128,V801129
1984: V841059,V841060
1988: V880847,V880848
1992: V926016
2000: V001512,V001513
===================================================================================================
VCF0830	

Aid to Blacks Scale

QUESTION:
---------
1970-1984,1986 FORM B, 1988 FORM B: 
Some people feel that the government in Washington should make every
possible effort to improve the social and economic position of blacks
(1970: Negroes) and other minority groups (1980: even if it means giving
them preferential treatment).  Others feel that the government should
not make any special effort to help minorities because they should help
themselves (1970: but they should be expected to help themselves).
1986 FORM A, 1988 FORM A, 1990 AND LATER:
Some people feel that the government in Washington should make every
(prior to 1996 only: possible) effort to improve the social and economic
position of blacks. (1996-LATER: Suppose these people are at one end of
a scale, at point 1). Others feel that the government should not make any
special effort to help blacks because they should help themselves.
(1996-LATER: Suppose these people are at the other end, at point 7.
And, of course, some other people have opinions somewhere in between,
at points 2,3,4,5 or 6).
ALL YEARS:  Where would you place yourself on this scale, or haven't
you thought much about it?  (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Government should help minority groups/blacks
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Minority groups/ blacks should help themselves
9. DK; haven't thought much about it

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; telephone IW (2000); no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Note that form B in 1986, form B in 1988, and all previous years
specified 'blacks and other minorities' in this question, while form A
in 1986, form A in 1988, and all cases in 1990 and after specified
only 'blacks.'  To filter for form A/B responses, use variable
VCF0012.
2000 NOTE:
This variable represents 7-point scale data from interviews conducted
face-to-face; telephone respondents were administered asked a branching
series and are not represented here.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1970: V700106(type 0)
1972: V720629
1974: V742296
1976: V763264
1978: V780373
1980: V801062
1982: V820415
1984: V840382
1986: V860426(form B),V860427(form A)
1988: V880332(form A),V880340(form B)
1990: V900447
1992: V923724
1994: V940936
1996: V960487
1998: V980462
2000: V000641
2004: V043158
2008: V083137
2016: V161198
===================================================================================================
VCF0832	

Rights of the Accused Scale

QUESTION:
---------
Some people are primarily concerned with doing everything possible to
protect the legal rights of those accused of committing crimes.
Others feel that it is more important to stop criminal activity even
at the risk of reducing the rights of the accused.
Where would you place yourself on this scale, or haven't you thought
much about this? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Protect rights of accused
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Stop crime regardless of rights of accused
9. DK; haven't thought much about it

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1970: V700120(type 0)
1972: V720621
1974: V742281
1976: V763248
1978: V780365
===================================================================================================
VCF0833	

Favor or Oppose Equal Rights Amendment

QUESTION:
---------
1976: An effort is being made to pass an amendment to the U.S.
Constitution which would guarantee equal rights for all citizens
regardless of sex.
ALL YEARS:
Do you approve or disapprove of the Equal Rights Amendment to the
Constitution (1978,1980: sometimes called the ERA amendment)?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Approve
5. Disapprove
8. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1976: V763799
1978: V780452
1980: V801126
===================================================================================================
VCF0834	

Women Equal Role Scale

QUESTION:
---------
Recently there has been a lot of talk about women's rights.  Some
people feel that women should have an equal role with  men in running
business, industry and government. (2004: (Suppose these people are
at one en of a scale, at point 1)) Others feel that a women's place
is in the home. (2004: (Suppose these people are at the other end;
at point 7.) And of course, some people have opinions somewhere in
between, at points 2,3,4,5, or 6.)
ALL YEARS EXC. 2000 VERSION 2:
Where would you place yourself on this scale or haven't you thought
much about this? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)
2000 VERSION 2:
Where would you place yourself on this scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN
TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Women and men should have an equal role
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Women's place is in the home
9. DK; haven't thought much about it

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; telephone IW (2000); split versions: not asked (2008)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
2000 NOTE 1:
This variable represents 7-point scale data from interviews conducted
face-to-face; telephone respondents were administered a branching
series and are not represented here.
2000 NOTE 2:
Respondents were randomly selected to be administered this question
with or without the option 'or haven't you thought much about this?'
read as part of the question text.  Data for face-to- face respondents
administered either version are represented in this variable.
2008 NOTE:
This question was administered to a random half sample of respondents
using verion 'OLD'; the remaining respondents (version 'NEW') were not
administered an alternative version.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720232
1974: V742302
1976: V763787
1978: V780389
1980: V801094
1982: V820435
1984: V840250
1988: V880387
1990: V900438
1992: V923801
1994: V940928
1996: V960543
1998: V980448
2000: V000755
2004: V043196
2008: V083166
===================================================================================================
VCF0836	

Should Women Stay out of Politics

QUESTION:
---------
1952 INTRO: 
Now I'd like to read some of the kinds of things people tell me when I
interview them, and ask you whether you agree or disagree with them.
I'll read them one at a time, and you just tell me whether you agree or
disagree with them, and whether you agree or disagree a little or quite
a bit.
1972 INTRO:
Do you agree or disagree with each of these two statements:
ALL YEARS:
'Women should stay out of politics'

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Agree (1952: incl. 'agree quite a bit' and 'agree a little')
2. Disagree (1952: incl. 'disagree quite a bit' and 'disagree a little')
9. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Post IW or Post is not form B (1952: see v.15)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
1952 NOTE:
Response categories were 'agree quite a bit' (recoded to 1) 'agree a
little' (recoded to 1) 'disagree a little' (recoded to 2) and 'disagree
quite a bit' (recoded to 2).

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520223
1972: V720251
===================================================================================================
VCF0837	

When Should Abortion Be Allowed

QUESTION:
---------
(1972,1976: Still on the subject of women's rights,)
There has been some discussion about abortion during recent years.
Which one of the opinions on this page (1972: card) best agrees with
your view?  You can just tell me the number of the opinion you choose.

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Abortion should never be permitted.
2. Abortion should be permitted only if the life and health of the woman is 
      in danger.
3. Abortion should be permitted if, due to personal reasons, the woman would 
      have difficulty in caring for the child.
4. Abortion should never be forbidden, since one should not require a woman 
      to have a child she doesn't want.
9. DK; other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See also VCF0838.
1980 NOTE:
Asked post-election. Alternate version (ssee VCF0838) asked pre-election.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720238
1976: V763796
1978: V780450
1980: V801136
===================================================================================================
VCF0838	

By Law, When Should Abortion Be Allowed

QUESTION:
---------
ALL YEARS EXCEPT 2000 TELEPHONE: 
There has been some discussion about abortion during recent years.
(RESPONDENT BOOKLET) Which one of the opinions on this page best agrees
with your view? You can just tell me the number of the opinion you
choose.
2000 TELEPHONE:
I am going to read you a short list of opinions. Please tell me which
one of the opinions best agrees with your view. You can just tell me the
number of the opinion you choose.

VALID CODES:
------------
1. By law, abortion should never be permitted.
2. The law should permit abortion only in case of rape, incest, or when the 
     woman's life is in danger.
3. The law should permit abortion for reasons other than rape, incest, or 
     danger to the woman's life, but only after the need for the abortion has 
     been clearly established.
4. By law, a woman should always be able to obtain an abortion as a matter of 
     personal choice.
9. DK; other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Post IW; split versions: not asked (2008);
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See also VCF0837.
1980 NOTE:
Asked pre-election. Alternate version (ssee VCF0837) asked post-election.
2008 NOTE:
This question was administered to a random half sample of respondents
using verion 'OLD'; the remaining respondents (version 'NEW') were
administered a branching series of questions on abortion.
2016 NOTE:
For Web cases, the Other option was not available.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800311
1982: V820463
1984: V840423
1986: V860488
1988: V880395
1990: V900479
1992: V923732
1994: V941014
1996: V960503
1998: V980505
2000: V000694
2004: V045132
2008: V085086
2012: abortpre_4point
2016: V161232
===================================================================================================
VCF0839	

Government Services-Spending Scale

QUESTION:
---------
Some people think the government should provide fewer services, even
in areas such as health and education, in order to reduce spending.
(2004: Suppose these people are at one end of a scale, at point 1.)
Other people feel that it is important for the government to provide
many more services even if it means an increase in spending.
(2004: Suppose these people are at the other end, at point 7.  And
of course, some other people have opinions somewhere in between, at
points 2,3,4,5, or 6.)
Where would you place yourself on this scale, or haven't you thought
much about this?  (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Government should provide many fewer services: reduce
   spending a lot
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Government should provide many more services: increase
   spending a lot
9. DK; haven't thought much about it

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0.NA; telephone IW (2000); split versions: not asked (2008)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
1980 NOTE:
The 1980 version of this question was not comparable.
2000 NOTE:
This variable represents 7-point scale data from interviews conducted
face-to-face.  Respondents interviewed by telephone were asked a
branching series and are not represented here.
2004 NOTE:
Tbis question was asked in the pre-election survey and the post-
election survey.  The pre-election data are reported here.
2008 NOTE:
This question was administered to a random half sample of respondents
using verion 'OLD'; the remaining respondents (version 'NEW') were
administered a branching series of questions.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1982: V820443
1984: V840375
1986: V860448
1988: V880302
1990: V900452
1992: V923701
1994: V940940
1996: V960450
1998: V980463
2000: V000545
2004: V043136
2008: V083105
2012: spsrvpr_ssself
2016: V161178
===================================================================================================
VCF0840	

Favor or Oppose Term Limits

QUESTION:
---------
A law has been proposed that would limit members of Congress to no more
than 12 consecutive years of service in that office.
Do you favor or oppose such a law?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Favor
5. Oppose
8. DK; other (1994,1998)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; short version or Spanish language questionnaire (1992)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
'Other' code was used only in 1994 and 1998.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1992: V923747
1994: V940651
1998: V980335
===================================================================================================
VCF0841	

Cooperation with U.S.S.R. Scale

QUESTION:
---------
1980: 
Some people feel it is important for us to try very hard to get along
with Russia.  Others feel it is a big mistake to try too hard to get
along with Russia.
1984-1988:
Some people feel it is important for us to try to cooperate more with
Russia, while others believe we should be much tougher in our dealings
with Russia.
ALL YEARS:
Where would you place yourself on this scale, or haven't you thought
much about this?  (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Cooperate more/try to get along with Russia
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Get much tougher/big mistake to try to get along with Russia
9. DK; haven't thought much about it

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V801078
1984: V840408
1986: V860487
1988: V880368
===================================================================================================
VCF0842	

Environmental Regulation Scale

QUESTION:
---------
Some people think we need much tougher government regulations on
business in order to protect the environment.  (Suppose these
people are at one end of a scale, at point 1.)  Other think that
current regulations to protect the environment are already too
much of a burden on business.  (Suppose these people are at the
other end of the scale, at point 7.)  And, of course, some
other people have opinions somewhere in between, at points
2,3,4,5 or 6.
Where would you place yourself on this scale, or haven't you
thought much about this?  (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Much tougher regulations to protet the environment
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Regulations already too much of a burden on business
9. DK; haven't thought much about it

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; telephone IW (2000)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
2000 NOTE:
This variable represents 7-point scale data from interviews conducted
face-to-face.  Respondents interviewed by telephone were asked a
branching series and are not represented here.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1996: V960537
1998: V980497
2000: V000771
===================================================================================================
VCF0843	

Defense Spending Scale

QUESTION:
---------
Some people believe that we should spend much less money for defense.
(1996,2004: Suppose these people are at one end of a scale, at point
1.) Others feel that defense spending should be greatly increased.
(1996,2004: Suppose these people are at the other end, at point 7.)
(2004: And, of course, some other people have opinions somewhere in
between, at points 2,3,4,5, or 6).
Where would you place yourself on this scale or haven't you thought
much about this?  (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Greatly decrease defense spending
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Greatly increase defense spending.
9. DK; haven't thought much about it

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; telephone IW (2000); split versions: not asked (2008)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See also VCF0828.
2000 NOTE:
This variable represents 7-point scale data from interviews conducted
face-to-face.  Respondents interviewed by telephone were asked a
branching series and are not represented here.
2008 NOTE:
This question was administered to a random half sample of respondents
using verion 'OLD'; the remaining respondents (version 'NEW') were
administered a branching series of questions.
2012 NOTE:
The 7-point scale used in 2012 was not comparable.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800281
1982: V820407
1984: V840395
1986: V860405
1988: V880310
1990: V900439
1992: V923707
1994: V940929
1996: V960463
2000: V000581
2004: V043142
2008: V083112
2016: V161181
===================================================================================================
VCF0844	

How Willing Should U.S. Be to Use Military Force

QUESTION:
---------
In the future, how willing should the United States be to use military
force to solve international problems -- extremely willing, very
willing, somewhat willing, not very willing, or never willing?
(1992,1998: RESPONDENT BOOKLET)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Extremely willing
2. Very willing
3. Somewhat willing
4. Not very willing
5. Never willing
8. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
1996 NOTE:
Omission of response categories from Respondent Booklet was in error.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1992: V923605
1996: V960411
1998: V980485
===================================================================================================
VCF0845	

Authority of the Bible 1964-1990

QUESTION:
---------
Here are four statements about the Bible and I'd like you to tell me
which is closest to your own view.  (STATEMENTS SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. The Bible is God's word and all it says is true
2. The Bible was written by men inspired by God but it contains some human errors.
3. The Bible is a good book because it was written by wise men, but God had 
    nothing to do with it.
4. The Bible was written by men who lived so long ago that it is worth very 
    little today.
9. DK; other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW  (1984, see VCF0015); form A 
   (1990)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See also VCF0850.
1988 NOTE:
Placement varied by form.
2016 NOTE:
For Web cases, the Other option was not available.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1964: V640414
1968: V680215
1980: V801176
1984: V841081
1986: V860507
1988: V880934
1990: V900516
===================================================================================================
VCF0846	

Is Religion Important to Respondent

QUESTION:
---------
(2002: Now on another topic. . .)
Do you consider religion to be an important part of your life, or not?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes, important
2. No, not important

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
0. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984, see VCF0015); form B 
   (1986); short form or Spanish language (1992)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
1988 NOTE:
Placement varied by form.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V801173
1984: V841078
1986: V860546
1988: V880932
1990: V900511
1992: V923820
1994: V941043
1996: V960571
1998: V980492
2000: V000872
2002: V023082
2004: V043219
2008: V083181
2012: relig_import
2016: V161241
===================================================================================================
VCF0847	

How Much Guidance from Religion

QUESTION:
---------
(IF RELIGION IS IMPORTANT: ) Would you say that (1996-LATER: Would you
say your) religion provides some guidance in your day-to-day living,
quite a bit of guidance, or a great deal of guidance in your day-to-
day living (1996-LATER: 'life')?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Some
2. Quite a bit
3. A great deal
5. Religion not important

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
0. NA; DK/NA if religion important in R's life; form B (1986); no 
   Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984, see VCF0015); short form or 
   Spanish language (1992)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
This var is a follow-up to VCF0846.  See VCF0846.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V801174
1984: V841079
1986: V860547
1988: V880933
1990: V900512
1992: V923821
1994: V941044
1996: V960572
1998: V980493
2000: V000873
2002: V023083
2004: V043220
2008: V083181,V083182
2012: relig_guide
2016: V161242,V161241
===================================================================================================
VCF0848	

Concern about Conventional War

QUESTION:
---------
1956: 
Now I'd like to ask you some questions about the chances of our country
getting into war.  Would you say that at the present time you are pretty
worried about this country getting into another war, somewhat worried,
or not worried at all?
1960,1964:
How about the chances of our country getting into war. Would you say
that at the present time you are pretty worried about this country
getting into another war, somewhat worried, or not worried at all?
1982-1992, 2000-2002:
How worried are you about our country  (1982: How about the chances of)
getting into a conventional  war (2000 and 2002: at this time), one in
which nuclear weapons  are not used (1982: neither side uses nuclear
weapons)?  Are you  very (1982: pretty) worried (1982: about this
country getting into such a war at the present time), somewhat worried,
or not worried at all?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Not worried
2. Somewhat worried
3. Very worried (1956-1982: pretty worried)
9. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Pre IW; no Post IW; form B (1986); form A (1990); telephone 
   IW (2000)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
2000 NOTE:
This variable was administered in face-to-face interviews only due to
an error in the survey application program.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1956: V560084
1960: V600085
1964: V640139
1982: V820307
1984: V840247
1986: V860534
1988: V880858
1990: V900497
1992: V923607
2000: V001488
2002: V025145
===================================================================================================
VCF0848a	

Concern about Nuclear War

QUESTION:
---------
How worried are you about our country getting into a nuclear war at this
time?  Are you very worried, somewhat worried, or not worried at all?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Not worried
3. Somewhat worried
5. Very worried
8. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; Form A (1990); no Post IW; personal IW (2000)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
2000 NOTE:
This variable was administered in telephone interviews only due to an
error in the survey application program.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V840248
1988: V880859
1990: V900499
1992: V923606
2000: V001487
2002: V025144
===================================================================================================
VCF0849	

Liberal-Conservative Position 1984- COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
We hear a lot of talk these days about liberals and conservatives. I'm
going to show you [1996-LATER: Here is] a 7-point scale on which the
political views that people might hold are arranged from extremely
liberal to extremely conservative.  Where would you place yourself
on this scale, or haven't you thought much about this? (7-POINT SCALE
SHOWN TO R).
(IF R RESPONDS 'DON'T KNOW' OR 'HAVEN'T THOUGHT MUCH ABOUT THIS'In
1984 AND LATER; IF R RESPONDS 'MODERATE' IN 1988, 1992, 1996-LATER:)
If you had to choose, would you consider yourself a liberal or a
conservative?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Liberal
3. Moderate ('middle of the road')
5. Conservative
6. Refuses to choose (in follow-up [exc. 1988 moderates]), don't know

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA to entire question
0. NA to follow-up; R not administered 7pt scale series (2000); no 
   Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
See also VCF0803 and VCF0824.
GENERAL NOTE:
This is the final 3-cateogry summary for years 1984 and later,
constructed using the initial 7-point scale question (VCF0803) and the
follow-up 'choice' question (VCF0824), which was asked of respondents
who had replied 'don't know' or 'haven't thought much' to the 7-point
scale question and, except for years 1984, 1986, AND 1990, also asked
of respondents who had answered 'moderate'.
If R's response to the 7-point scale question was NA, then the follow-
up question ('if you had to choose...') was not asked and VCF0849 has
been coded 9.  If DK/HTM in first question and the response to the
follow-up was 'don't know,' VCF0849 has been coded 8.  If R refused to
choose in the follow-up, VCF0848 has been coded 7.
Code 1 is comprised of 'extremely liberal,' 'liberal,' and 'slightly
liberal' responses to the 7-point scale question (codes 1-3 in VCF0803)
and of 'liberal' responses to the follow-up.
Code 3 for 1984,1986,1990 is comprised of Rs who replied 'moderate' to
the 7-point scale question (code 4 in VCF0803, with the follow-up not
asked) and also of Rs who replied DK or 'haven't thought much' to the
7-point scale question and who then replied 'moderate' to the follow-up.
For 1988, 1992, 1996 and later, code 3 is comprised of: 1) cases where
R replied 'moderate' to the 7-point scale question and then refused to
choose another category or replied DK/NA to the follow-up; and 2) Rs
who replied DK or 'haven't thought much' to the 7-point scale question
and then replied 'moderate' in the follow-up.
Code 5 is comprised of 'extremely conservative,' conservative,' and
'slightly conservative' responses to the 7-point scale question (codes
5-7 in VCF0803) and of 'conservative' responses in the follow-up.
2000 NOTE:
This variable represents 7-point scale follow-up data from interviews
conducted using both modes; approximately half of the 2000 Study
respondents (both modes) were randomly selected for administration of a
branching series and are excluded here.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V840369,V840370
1986: V860385,V860386
1988: V880230
1990: V900406,V900407
1992: V923513
1994: V940839,V940840
1996: V960365,V960366,V960367,V960368
1998: V980399,V980400,V980401,V980402
2000: V000441a
2002: V023024
2004: V045118
2008: V083069,V083069a
2012: libcpre_self,libcpre_choose
2016: V161126,V161127
===================================================================================================
VCF0850	

Authority of the Bible 1984-

QUESTION:
---------
2000 TELEPHONE: 
I am going to read you a short list of statements. Please tell me) Which
of these statements comes closest to describing your feelings about the
Bible? You can just give me the number of the statement you choose.
1996,1998,2000 PERSONAL,2004:
Please look at page [page] of the booklet. Which of these statements
comes closest to describing your feelings about the Bible? You can just
give me the number of your choice. (STATEMENTS SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. The Bible is the actual Word of God and is to be taken literally, word for word
2. The Bible is the Word of God but not everything in it should be taken 
    literally, word for word
3. The Bible is a book written by men and is not the Word of God
9. Other; DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; form B (1990); short form or Spanish language questionnaire (1992)
INAP. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1990: V900517
1992: V923824
1994: V941047
1996: V960575
1998: V980496
2000: V000876
2004: V043222
2008: V083184
2012: relig_wordgod
2016: V161243
===================================================================================================
VCF0851	

Newer Lifestyles Contribute to Society Breakdown

QUESTION:
---------
1986,1990,1994,1996: 
Now,I am going to read several statements. After each I would like you
to tell me whether you agree strongly, agree somewhat, neither agree nor
disagree, disagree somewhat or disagree strongly with this statement.
(1986,1990:) You can just give me the number of your choice from the
booklet.  The first statement is....
1988,1992:
Here are several more statements.  As before, you can just give me the
number of your choice from the booklet.  The first statement is....
1998: (Still on page [page]..)
2000 FACE-TO-FACE:
(Still looking at page [page] in the booklet:)
ALL YEARS:
'The newer lifestyles are contributing to the breakdown of our
society.'
(2000,2004: do you agree strongly, agree somewhat, neither agree nor
disagree, disagree somewhat, or disagree strongly with this statement?)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Agree strongly
2. Agree somewhat
3. Neither agree nor disagree
4. Disagree somewhat
5. Disagree strongly
8. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; Form B (1990); no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Order of questions VCF0851-854 may have been in varying order by study.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1986: V860525
1988: V880954
1990: V900500
1992: V926118
1994: V941029
1996: V961247
1998: V980516
2000: V001530
2004: V045190
2008: V085140
2012: trad_lifestyle
2016: V162208
===================================================================================================
VCF0852	

Should Adjust View of Moral Behavior to Changes

QUESTION:
---------
ALL YEARS: 
'The world is always changing and we should adjust our view of
moral behavior to those changes.'
(2000,2004: do you agree strongly, agree somewhat, neither agree nor
disagree, disagree somewhat, or disagree strongly with this statement?)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Agree strongly
2. Agree somewhat
3. Neither agree nor disagree
4. Disagree somewhat
5. Disagree strongly
8. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; Form B (1990); no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0851.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1986: V860526
1988: V880951
1990: V900501
1992: V926115
1994: V941030
1996: V961248
1998: V980515
2000: V001531
2004: V045189
2008: V085139
2012: trad_adjust
2016: V162207
===================================================================================================
VCF0853	

Should be More Emphasis on Traditional Values

QUESTION:
---------
ALL YEARS: 
'This country would have many fewer problems if there were more
emphasis on traditional family ties.'
(2000,2004: do you agree strongly, agree somewhat, neither agree nor
disagree, disagree somewhat, or disagree strongly with this statement?)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Agree strongly
2. Agree somewhat
3. Neither agree nor disagree
4. Disagree somewhat
5. Disagree strongly
8. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; Form B (1990); no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0851.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1986: V860527
1988: V880953
1990: V900502
1992: V926117
1994: V941031
1996: V961249
1998: V980517
2000: V001532
2004: V045192
2008: V085142
2012: trad_famval
2016: V162210
===================================================================================================
VCF0854	

Tolerance of Different Moral Standards

QUESTION:
---------
ALL YEARS: 
'We should be more tolerant of people who choose to live according to
their own moral standards, even if they are very different from our own.'
(2000: do you agree strongly, agree somewhat, neither agree nor
disagree, disagree somewhat, or disagree strongly with this statement?)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Agree strongly
2. Agree somewhat
3. Neither agree nor disagree
4. Disagree somewhat
5. Disagree strongly
8. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; Form B (1990); no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0851.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1986: V860530
1988: V880952
1990: V900503
1992: V926116
1994: V941032
1996: V961250
1998: V980518
2000: V001533
2004: V045191
2008: V085141
2012: trad_tolerant
2016: V162209
===================================================================================================
VCF0860	

Racial Composition of Neighborhood- Respondent Description

QUESTION:
---------
1964,1968,1970: 
Is this neighborhood you now live in: [CHOICES]
1972,1976:
(IF RESPONDENT IS BLACK:) Is this neighborhood you now live in all
black, mostly black, about half and half, mostly white, or all white?
(IF RESPONDENT IS WHITE:) Is this neighborhood you live in all white,
mostly white, about half and half, mostly black, or all black?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. All white
2. Mostly white
3. About half and half
4. Mostly Negro/black
5. All Negro/black

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
0. NA
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Weight variable VCF0011/VCF0011A must be used if
distributions including 1970 data are desired:  see VCF0011.
Note that use of VCF0011/VCF0011A as a weight reduces the
1970 total N for this variable:  form 1 whites who should appear as
code 0 INAP cases are excluded from the 1970 total N.
1970 NOTE:
If range of 2 adjacent numbers was given by respondent the value coded
was the one towards the center of the scale (for example, 1 or 2 = 2;
2 or 3 = 3)

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0011x/VCF0011y/VCF0011z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1964: V640118
1968: V680089
1970: V700078(type 2)
1972: V720131
1976: V763219
===================================================================================================
VCF0861	

Racial Composition of Grade School- Respondent Description

QUESTION:
---------
1964,1968,1970: 
Is the grade school nearest you: [CHOICES]
1972,1976:
(IF RESPONDENT IS BLACK:) Is the grade school nearest you all black,
mostly black, about half and half, mostly white, or all white?
(IF RESPONDENT IS WHITE:) Is the grade school nearest you all white,
mostly white, about half and half, mostly black, or all black?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. All white
2. Mostly white
3. About half and half
4. Mostly Negro/black
5. All Negro/black

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
0. NA
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Weight variable VCF0011/VCF0011A must be used if
distributions including 1970 data are desired:  see VCF0011.
Note that use of VCF0011/VCF0011A as a weight reduces the
1970 total N for this variable:  form 1 whites who should appear as
code 0 INAP cases are excluded from the 1970 total N.
1970 NOTE:
If range of 2 adjacent numbers was given by respondent the value coded
was the one towards the center of the scale (for example, 1 or 2 = 2;
2 or 3 = 3)

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0011x/VCF0011y/VCF0011z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1964: V640119
1968: V680090
1970: V700079(type 2)
1972: V720133
1976: V763221
===================================================================================================
VCF0862	

Racial Composition of Junior High School

QUESTION:
---------
Is the junior high school nearest you: [CHOICES]

VALID CODES:
------------
1. All white
2. Mostly white
3. About half and half
4. Mostly Negro/black
5. All Negro/black

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
0. NA; no junior high in area (1964,1968)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Weight variable VCF0011/VCF0011A must be used if
distributions including 1970 data are desired:  see VCF0011.
Note that use of VCF0011/VCF0011A as a weight reduces the
1970 total N for this variable:  form 1 whites who should appear as
code 0 INAP cases are excluded from the 1970 total N.
1970 NOTE:
If range of 2 adjacent numbers was given by respondent the value coded
was the one towards the center of the scale (for example, 1 or 2 = 2;
2 or 3 = 3)

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0011x/VCF0011y/VCF0011z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1964: V640120
1968: V680091
1970: V700080(type 2)
===================================================================================================
VCF0863	

Racial Composition of High School- Respondent Description

QUESTION:
---------
1964,1968,1970: 
Is the high school nearest you: [CHOICES]
1972:
(IF RESPONDENT IS BLACK:) Is the high school nearest you all black,
mostly black, about half and half, mostly white, or all white?
(IF RESPONDENT IS WHITE:) Is the high school nearest you all white,
mostly white, about half and half, mostly black, or all black?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. All white
2. Mostly white
3. About half and half
4. Mostly Negro/black
5. All Negro/black

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
0. NA
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Weight variable VCF0011/VCF0011A must be used if
distributions including 1970 data are desired:  see VCF0011.
Note that use of VCF0011/VCF0011A as a weight reduces the
1970 total N for this variable:  form 1 whites who should appear as
code 0 INAP cases are excluded from the 1970 total N.
1970 NOTE:
If range of 2 adjacent numbers was given by respondent
the value coded was the one towards the center of the scale (for
example, 1 or 2 = 2; 2 or 3 = 3)

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0011x/VCF0011y/VCF0011z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1964: V640121
1968: V680092
1970: V700081(type 2)
1972: V720134
===================================================================================================
VCF0864	

Racial Composition of Work Place- Respondent Description

QUESTION:
---------
1964,1968,1970: 
Are the people where you work: [CHOICES]
1972:
(IF RESPONDENT IS BLACK:) Are the people who work where you work all
black, mostly black, about half and half, mostly white, or all white?
(IF RESPONDENT IS WHITE:) Are the people who work where you work all
white, mostly white, about half and half, mostly black, or all black?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. All white
2. Mostly white
3. About half and half
4. Mostly Negro/black
5. All Negro/black

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
0. NA; R doesn't work; R works alone (1968,1972)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Weight variable VCF0011/VCF0011A must be used if
distributions including 1970 data are desired:  see VCF0011.
Note that use of VCF0011/VCF0011A as a weight reduces the
1970 total N for this variable:  form 1 whites who should appear as
code 0 INAP cases are excluded from the 1970 total N.
1970 NOTE:
If range of 2 adjacent numbers was given by respondent the value coded
was the one towards the center of the scale (for example, 1 or 2 = 2;
2 or 3 = 3)
1986 NOTE:
The 1986 version of this question is not coded comparably.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0011x/VCF0011y/VCF0011z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1964: V640122
1968: V680093
1970: V700082(type 2)
1972: V720136
===================================================================================================
VCF0865	

Racial Composition of Where R Shops- Respondent Description

QUESTION:
---------
1964,1968,1970: 
Are the people where you shop and trade: [CHOICES]
1972:
(IF RESPONDENT IS BLACK:) Are the people who shop and trade where you do
all black, mostly black, about half and half, mostly white or all
white?
(IF RESPONDENT IS WHITE:) Are the people who shop and trade where you do
all white, mostly white, about half and half, mostly black, or all black?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. All white
2. Mostly white
3. About half and half
4. Mostly Negro/black
5. All Negro/black

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
0. NA
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Weight variable VCF0011/VCF0011A must be used if
distributions including 1970 data are desired:  see VCF0011.
Note that use of VCF0011/VCF0011A as a weight reduces the
1970 total N for this variable:  form 1 whites who should appear as
code 0 INAP cases are excluded from the 1970 total N.
1970 NOTE:
If range of 2 adjacent numbers was given by respondent the value coded
was the one towards the center of the scale (for example, 1 or 2 = 2;
2 or 3 = 3)

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0011x/VCF0011y/VCF0011z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1964: V640123
1968: V680094
1970: V700083(type 2)
1972: V720137
===================================================================================================
VCF0866	

Racial Composition of Friends

QUESTION:
---------
1964,1968,1970: 
Are your friends: [CHOICES]
1972,1976:
(IF RESPONDENT IS BLACK:) Are your friends all black, mostly black,
about half and half, mostly white, or all white?
(IF RESPONDENT IS WHITE:) Are your friends all white, mostly white,
about half and half, mostly black, or all black?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. All white
2. Mostly white
3. About half and half
4. Mostly Negro/black
5. All Negro/black

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
0. NA
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Weight variable VCF0011/VCF0011A must be used if
distributions including 1970 data are desired:  see VCF0011.
Note that use of VCF0011/VCF0011A as a weight reduces the
1970 total N for this variable:  form 1 whites who should appear as
code 0 INAP cases are excluded from the 1970 total N.
1970 NOTE:
If range of 2 adjacent numbers was given by respondent the value coded
was the one towards the center of the scale (for example, 1 or 2 = 2;
2 or 3 = 3)

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0011x/VCF0011y/VCF0011z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1964: V640124
1968: V680095
1970: V700084(type 2)
1972: V720138
1976: V763222
===================================================================================================
VCF0867	

Affirmative Action in Hiring/Promotion [1 of 2]

QUESTION:
---------
Some people say that because of past discrimination blacks should be
given preference in hiring and promotion.  Others say that such
preference in hiring and promotion of blacks is wrong because it gives
blacks advantages they haven't earned.  What about your opinion-- are
you for or against preferential hiring and promotion of blacks?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. For
5. Against
8. DK; 1990-1994: refused; 1996 and later: other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; Form A (1986); form B (1990); no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See also VCF0867a.
1986 NOTE:
Respondents were administered 2 versions of the preference question in
two forms; data for the alternative version (worded 'preference in
hiring and promotion of blacks is wrong because it discriminates
against whites') are not included in this variable.
1988 NOTE:
Wording matched 1986 alternative wording for all cases; 1988 data are
not included here.
1996 NOTE:
Code 'other' first appeared in 1996.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1986: V860475
1990: V900463
1992: V925935
1994: V941001
1996: V961208
1998: V980470
2000: V000803
2004: V045207
2008: V085157
2012: aapost_hire
2016: V162238
===================================================================================================
VCF0867a	

Affirmative Action in Hiring/Promotion [2 of 2]

QUESTION:
---------
Some people say that because of past discrimination blacks should be
given preference in hiring and promotion.  Others say that such
preference in hiring and promotion of blacks is wrong because it gives
blacks advantages they haven't earned.  What about your opinion-- are
you for or against preferential hiring and promotion of blacks?
(IF FAVOR: ) Do you favor preference in hiring and promotion strongly or
not strongly?
(IF OPPOSE:) Do you oppose preference in hiring and promotion strongly
or not strongly?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Favor strongly
2. Favor not strongly
4. Oppose not strongly
5. Oppose strongly
7. DK if favor/oppose; 1990-1994: refused; 1996 and later: other (in VCF0867)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. Favor/oppose but DK if strongly or not strongly
9. NA if strongly or not strongly; NA whether favor or oppose (VCF0867); 
   Form A (1986); form B (1990); no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See also VCF0867.
1986 NOTE:
Respondents were administered 2 versions of the preference question in
two forms; data for the alternative version (worded 'preference in
hiring and promotion of blacks is wrong because it discriminates
against whites') are not included in this variable.
1988 NOTE:
Wording matched 1986 alternative wording for all cases; 1988 data are
not included here.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1986: V860476
1990: V900464
1992: V925936
1994: V941002
1996: V961209
1998: V980471
2000: V000806
2004: V045207,V045207a
2008: V085157,V085157a,V085157b
2012: aapost_hire_x,aapost_hire
2016: V162238x,V162238,V162238a
===================================================================================================
VCF0870	

Better or Worse Economy in Past Year

QUESTION:
---------
How about (1996-LATER: Now thinking about) the economy (1990,1994-
later: in the country as a whole)?
ALL YEARS EXC. 2000 VERSION 2:
Would you say that over the past year the nation's economy has gotten
better, stayed (all yrs. exc 1984: about) the same or gotten worse?
2000 VERSION 2:
Would you say that over the past year the nation's economy has gotten
worse, stayed about the same, or gotten better?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Better
3. Stayed same
5. Worse

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
0. NA
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
2000 NOTE:
Respondents were randomly selected to be administered this question
using either the standard format or and alternative version with the
order of options read aloud reversed.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800149
1982: V820327
1984: V840227
1986: V860372
1988: V880243
1990: V900422
1992: V923531
1994: V940908
1996: V960385
1998: V980418
2000: V000488a,V000488b
2002: V023027
2004: V043097
2008: V083083
2012: econ_ecpast
2016: V161140
===================================================================================================
VCF0871	

How Much Better or Worse Economy in Past Year

QUESTION:
---------
How about (1996-LATER: Now thinking about) the economy (1990,1994-
later: in the country as a whole)?
Would you say that over the past year the nation's economy has gotten
better, stayed (all yrs. exc 1984: about) the same or gotten worse?
(IF BETTER:) Would you say much better or somewhat better?
(IF WORSE:)  Would you say much worse or somewhat worse?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Much better
2. Somewhat better
3. Stayed same
4. Somewhat worse
5. Much worse

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK much or somewhat better/worse
9. NA much or somewhat better/worse
0. DK/NA if better or worse
INAP. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800150
1982: V820328
1984: V840228
1986: V860373
1988: V880244
1990: V900423
1992: V923532
1994: V940909
1996: V960386
1998: V980419
2000: V000491
2002: V023028
2004: V043098
2008: V083083,V083083x
2012: econ_ecpast_x,econ_ecpast
2016: V161140x,V161140,V161140a
===================================================================================================
VCF0872	

Better or Worse Economy in Next Year

QUESTION:
---------
What about the next 12 months (1980,1982: or so)?
ALL YEARS EXC. 2000:
Do you expect the (1986,1988,1992: national) economy to get better, get
worse, or stay about the same?
2000 VERSION 1:
Do you expect the economy, in the country as a whole, to get better,
stay about the same, or get worse?
2000 VERSION 2:
Do you expect the economy, in the country as a whole, to get worse, stay
about the same, or get better?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Get better
3. Stay about the same
5. Get worse

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK; RF; depends (1990)
9. NA
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
1992 NOTE:
This question was used in both the pre and post; the pre data are
incorporated here.
2000 NOTE:
Respondents were randomly selected to be administered this question
using either the standard format or and alternative version with the
order of options read aloud reversed.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800151
1982: V820329
1984: V840243
1986: V860381
1988: V880247
1990: V900424
1992: V923537
1994: V940910
1996: V960387
1998: V980420
2000: V000496a,V000496b
2004: V043099
2008: V083084
2012: econ_ecnext
2016: V161141
===================================================================================================
VCF0873	

Did R Delay Medical/Dental Treatment Due to the Expense

QUESTION:
---------
In the past year did you (or anyone in your family living here/there)
put off medical or dental treatment because you didn't have the money?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA; short form or spanish-language questionnnaire (1992); R selected 
   for Post administration and no Post IW (2000)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
2000 NOTE:
Respondents were randomly selected to be administered this question in
the Pre or the Post.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V840157
1992: V923434
1994: V941027
2000: V001413a
2004: V043066
===================================================================================================
VCF0875	

Mention 1: What is the Most Important National Problem

QUESTION:
---------
1960: 
What would you personally feel are the most important problems the
government should try to take care of when the new President and
Congress take office in January?
1964:
As you well know, there are many serious problems in this country and in
other parts of the world.  The question is, what should be done about
them and who should do it.  We want to ask you about problems you think
the government in Washington should do something about and any problems
it should stay out of.  First, what would you personally feel are the
most important problems the government should try to take care of when
the new President and Congress take office in January?
1966:
What do you personally feel are the most important problems which the
government in Washington should try to take care of?
1968,1980,1982:
As you well know, the government faces many serious problems in this
country and in other parts of the world.  What do you personally feel
are the most important problems which the government in Washington
should try to take care of?
1970:
As you well know, there are many serious problems in this country and in
other parts of the world.  We'd like to start out by talking with you
about some of them.  What do you personally feel are the most important
problems which the government in Washington should try to take care of?
1972-1978,1984 AND LATER:
What do you think are the most important problems facing this country?
(IF MORE THAN ONE PROBLEM:) Of all you've told me (1996-LATER: Of those
you've mentioned), what would you say is the single most important
problem the country faces?

VALID CODES:
------------
01. AGRICULTURAL
02. ECONOMICS; BUSINESS; CONSUMER ISSUES
     (includes foreign investment, tariffs/protection of U.S. industries, 
     international trade deficit/balance of payments, immigration, interstate
     commerce/transportation;  does not include unemployment [09], defense 
     spending [03], foreign [03] or government spending on domestic social 
     welfare [09])
03. FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND NATIONAL DEFENSE
     (includes: foreign aid, defense spending, the space program; does not 
     include: international trade deficit [02])
04. GOVERNMENT FUNCTIONING
     (not 'the economy' [02])
05. LABOR ISSUES
     (not unemployment [09])
06. NATURAL RESOURCES
07. PUBLIC ORDER
     (includes:  crime, drugs, civil liberties and non racial civil rights, 
     women's rights, abortion rights, gun control, family/social/religious/moral
     'decay,' church and state, etc.)
08. RACIAL PROBLEMS
     (note: this primarily includes civil rights issues and racial equality; 
     monetary assistance to minorities is primarily found in code 9, however
     there is a slight overlap: see Note 7 for specific codes; note especially 
     1988 code 300 and 1966-1972 codes 61-63)
09. SOCIAL WELFARE
     (includes: population, child care, aid to education, the elderly, health 
     care, housing, poverty, unemployment, 'welfare' etc.)
97. Other problems (incl. specific campaign issues)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK (exc. 1960,1964,1966)
99. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); Form I, III or IV 
    (1972); no Pre IW; short form IW 1992); question not administered in 
    assigned half sample (1996, 2000)
00. None; 'there were no issues;' 'there was no campaign in my district' (non-
     presidential years); DK (1960,1964,1966 only)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
See Appendix NOTE 'MOST IMPORTANT PROBLEM'.
GENERAL NOTE:
Because of changes in the full sets of codes which have been used over
time, this variable is limited to preserving the major groupings which
have been utilized with essential consistency through all years.  The
appendix NOTE gives exact study-by-study versions of the texts of
individual codes which have been collapsed to form the VCF0875 group
categories.
In the 1960, 1966, and 1970 study datasets, one multiple- response
variable was coded which included up to 3 mentions (1970: 4).  In 1960
and 1970, variables were coded in order of importance in cases where R
mentioned more than one problem. Within the study documentation for
these two years, it was also stated that, in cases of more than one
mentioned problem, if order of importance was 'not  clear,' responses
were then coded in order of mention.  From the 1966 documentation, it
is not apparent if multiple responses were coded in order of importance
or if they were coded in order of mention.  The first CODED response
(variable) in studies 1960, 1966, and 1970 has been used here.
In the 1964 and 1968 study datasets, one single-response variable
was coded.  This variable was described as including, in cases of more
than one given response, the mention considered most important by R.
Documentation in both years added that if order of importance was 'not
clear,' responses were coded in order of mention:  in such event, the
single variable appearing in the study dataset represented the first
mention.
Note that, for cases where R mentioned two or three problems but
missing data (DK or NA) appeared in the 'choice' variable (i.e., R did
not choose a single most important problem), the first mention has not
been included here, but MD has been coded. EXCEPTION: in 1986, in 142
cases the interviewer mistakenly did not ask R to rank problems by
importance when R gave more than one mention.  In these 142 cases, the
first mention of R has been incorporated.
In 1960, 1964 and 1966, the DK category was combined with 'no issues'
and is included in code 00.
1996 NOTE:
A half-sample of respondents were selected to be administered this
question.
2000 NOTE:
same as 1996.
2012 NOTE:
Not yet coded for the 2012 Time Series.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1960: V600050
1964: V640036
1966: V660019
1968: V680048
1970: V700039(type 0)
1972: V720546,V720548
1974: V742079
1976: V763689
1978: V780311,V780315
1980: V800979
1982: V820299
1984: V840993
1986: V860306
1988: V880817
1990: V900326
1992: V925726
1994: V940706
1996: V961141
1998: V980346
2000: V000436
===================================================================================================
VCF0875a	

Mention 2: What is the Most Important National Problem

QUESTION:
---------
Most important national problem (2)

VALID CODES:
------------
Codes1-990 and:

MISSING CODES:
--------------
991. 1968: No problem mentioned; no second or third problem; 1970: No 
       problem mentioned; no second, third or fourth problem
996. No mentions, DK (1960,1964)
997. No problem mentioned, DK (1966); no second or third  problem
998. DK (1968,1970,1972)
999. NA (1960,1964,1966,1968,1970,1972)
000. no Post IW; Form I,III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
See question wording and notes for 1974-later in VCF0875.
See Appendix NOTE 'MOST IMPORTANT PROBLEM 1960-1972'.
GENERAL NOTE:
The is is the full 3-digit coding for the summary variable in
years 1960-1972.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1960: V600050b
1964: V640036
1966: V660019
1968: V680048
1970: V700039(type 0)
1972: V720546,V720548
===================================================================================================
VCF0875b	

Mention 3: What is the Most Important National Problem

QUESTION:
---------
Most important national problem (3)

VALID CODES:
------------
Codes 100-959 and:
990. Other specific mentions of important problems

MISSING CODES:
--------------
995. 'There were no issues'; 'there were no issues, just party politics'
996. 'There was no campaign in my district'
998. DK
999. NA
000. no Post IW; R not selected for half-sample administration (1996,2000)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
See question wording and notes for 1974-later in VCF0875.
See Appendix NOTE 'MOST IMPORTANT PROBLEM 1974 AND LATER'.
GENERAL NOTE:
The is is the full 3-digit coding for the summary variable in
years 1974 and later.
2012 NOTE:
Not yet coded for the 2012 Time Series.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1974: V742079
1976: V763689
1978: V780311,V780315
1980: V800979
1982: V820299
1984: V840993
1986: V860306
1988: V880817
1990: V900326
1992: V925726
1994: V940706
1996: V961141
1998: V980346
2000: V000436
===================================================================================================
VCF0876	

Law to Protect Homosexuals Against Discrimination

QUESTION:
---------
Do you favor or oppose laws to protect [homosexuals/gays and lesbians] 
against job discrimination?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Favor
5. Oppose
8. DK; depends (1988)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
1988 NOTE:
'Depends' was a coding option in 1988 only.
2012 NOTE:
This question was asked of a random 1/2 sample of respondents (the
remaining 1/2 sample was asked a different version of the question).

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1988: V880852
1992: V925923
1996: V961193
2000: V001478
2004: V045156
2008: V083211
2012: gayrt_discstd
2016: V161229
===================================================================================================
VCF0876a	

Strength of Position on Law to Protect Homosexuals Against Discrimination

QUESTION:
---------
Do you favor or oppose laws to protect [homosexuals/gays and lesbians] 
against job discrimination?
Do you favor/oppose such laws strongly or not strongly?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Favor strongly
2. Favor not strongly
4. Oppose not strongly
5. Oppose strongly
7. DK if favor or oppose; depends (1988); DK if favor/oppose strongly or not 
    strongly

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA if favor or oppose;  NA if favor/oppose strongly or not strongly; 
   no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See notes VCF0876.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1988: V880853
1992: V923426
1996: V961194
2000: V001481
2004: V045156,V045156a
2008: V083211x
2012: gayrt_discstd_x,gayrt_discstd
2016: V161229x,V161229,V161229a
===================================================================================================
VCF0877	

Favor or Oppose Gays in the Military

QUESTION:
---------
Do you think homosexuals should be allowed to serve in the United
States Armed Forces or don't you think so?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes, think so
5. Don't think so
8. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
2012 NOTE:
This question was asked of a random 1/2 sample of respondents (the
remaining 1/2 sample was asked a different version of the question).

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1992: V925925
1996: V961194
2000: V000724
2004: V045157
2008: V083212
2012: gayrt_milstd
===================================================================================================
VCF0877a	

Strength of Position on Gays in the Military

QUESTION:
---------
Do you feel strongly or not strongly that homosexuals should be
allowed to serve in the United States Armed forces?
Do you feel strongly or not strongly that homosexuals should not be
allowed to serve in the United States Armed forces?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Feel strongly should be allowed
2. Feel not strongly should be allowed
4. Feel not strongly should not be allowed
5. Feel strongly should not be allowed
7. DK if favor or oppose; depends (1988); DK if favor/oppose strongly or not 
    strongly

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA if favor or oppose; NA if favor/oppose strongly or not strongly; 
   no Post IW
INAP. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1992: V925926
1996: V961195
2000: V000727
2004: V045157,V045157a
2008: V083212x
2012: gayrt_milstd_x,gayrt_discstd
===================================================================================================
VCF0878	

Should Gays/Lesbians Be Able to Adopt Children

QUESTION:
---------
Do you think gay or lesbian couples, in other words, homosexual
couples, should be legally permitted to adopt children?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No
8. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1992: V925927
2000: V000748
2004: V045158
2008: V083213
2012: gayrt_adopt
===================================================================================================
VCF0879	

Increase or Decrease Number of Immigrants to U.S. 6-Category

QUESTION:
---------
Do you think the number of immigrants from foreign countries who
are permitted to come to the United States to live should be
(1992,1994:  increased a little, increased a lot, decreased a little,
decreased a lot, or left the same as it is now?)
(1996,1998: increased a lot, increased a little, decreased a little,
decreased a lot, or left the same as it is now?)
(2004,2008: increased a lot, increased a little, left the same as it is
now, decreased a little, or decreased a lot?)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Increased a lot
2. Increased a little
3. Same as now
4. Decreased a little
5. Decreased a lot
8. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1992: V926235
1994: V941016
1996: V961325
1998: V980489
2004: V045115
2008: V085082
2012: immigpo_level
2016: V162157
===================================================================================================
VCF0879a	

Increase or Decrease Number of Immigrants to U.S. 4-Category

QUESTION:
---------
1992,1994: 
Do you think the number of immigrants from foreign countries who are
permitted to come to the United States to live should be increased a
little, increased a lot, decreased a little, decreased a lot, or left
the same as it is now?
1996,1998:
Do you think the number of immigrants from foreign countries who are
permitted to come to the United States to live should be increased a
lot, increased a little, decreased a little, decreased a lot, or left
the same as it is now?
2000:
Do you think the number of immigrants from foreign countries who are
permitted to come to the United States to live should be increased,
decreased, or left the same as it is now?
2004:
Do you think the number of immigrants from foreign countries who are
permitted to come to the United States to live should be increased
a lot, increased a little, left the same as it is now, decreased a
little, or decreased a lot?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Increased
3. Same as now
5. Decreased
8. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1992: V926235
1994: V941016
1996: V961325
1998: V980489
2000: V000508
2004: V045115
2008: V085082
2012: immigpo_level
2016: V162157
===================================================================================================
VCF0880	

Better or Worse Off in Past Year

QUESTION:
---------
1962-1998,2004: 
We are interested in how people are getting along financially these
days. Would you say that (1962,1966-1974: you [and your family]; 1976 and
later : you [and your family living here]) are better off or worse off
financially than you were a year ago.
2000-2002:
Would you say that you (and your family) (2000 FACE-TO-FACE ONLY: living
here) are better off, worse off, or just about the same financially as
you were a year ago?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Better Now
2. Same (2004: Volunteered)
3. Worse Now

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. DK; uncertain; depends
0. NA; no Post IW; form II,III,IV (1972); R assigned to Post 
   administration and no Post IW (2000)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Weight variable VCF0010/VCF0010A must be used if
distributions including 1970 data are desired:  see VCF0010.
Note that use of VCF0010/VCF0010A as a weight reduces the
1970 total N for this variable:  form 2 whites who should appear as
code 0 INAP cases are excluded from the 1970 total N.
2000 NOTE:
Respondents were randomly assigned to be administered this
question in either the Pre or Post.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0010x/VCF0010y/VCF0010z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1962: V620014
1966: V660044
1968: V680275
1970: V700048(type 1)
1972: V720501
1974: V742313
1976: V763137
1978: V780321
1980: V800147
1982: V820325
1984: V840139
1986: V860355
1988: V880206
1990: V900416
1992: V923425
1994: V940902
1996: V960337
1998: V980414
2000: V000398,V001410
2002: V023025
2004: V043061
2008: V083057
2012: finance_finpast
2016: V161110
===================================================================================================
VCF0880a	

How Much Better/Worse Off in Past Year

QUESTION:
---------
1984-1998,2004: 
We are interested in how people are getting along financially these
days. Would you say that you and your family living here are better off
or worse off financially than you were a year ago.
2000-2002:
Would you say that you (and your family) (2000 FACE-TO-FACE ONLY: living
here) are better off, worse off, or just about the same financially as
you were a year ago? Is that much better/worse off or somewhat
better/worse off?
2012:
We are interested in how people are getting along financially these 
days. Would you say that [you /you and your family living here] are much 
better off financially, somewhat better off, about the same, somewhat 
worse off, or much worse off than you were a year ago?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Much better
2. Somewhat better
3. Same
4. Somewhat worse
5. Much worse

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA; DK/NA if better or worse in past year; R assigned to Post 
   administration and no Post IW (2000)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
2012 NOTE:
Asked as a 5-point scale
2000 NOTE:
Respondents were randomly assigned to be administered this question
in either the Pre or Post.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V840140
1986: V860356
1988: V880207
1990: V900417
1992: V923426
1994: V940903
1996: V960338
1998: V980415
2000: V000398,V001410,V001412a
2002: V023026
2004: V043061,V043062
2008: V083057x
2012: finance_finpast_x,finance_finpast
2016: V161110
===================================================================================================
VCF0880b	

Financial Situation Better/Worse in Past Few Years

QUESTION:
---------
During the last few years, has your financial situation been
getting better, getting worse, or has it stayed the same?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Getting better
3. Stayed the same
5. Getting worse

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA
INAP. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1956: V560078
1958: V580049
1960: V600075
1964: V640129
===================================================================================================
VCF0881	

Better or Worse Off in Next Year

QUESTION:
---------
1956-1960,1964: 
Now looking ahead and thinking about the next few years, do you expect
your financial situation will stay about the way it is now, get better,
or get worse.
1962,1966 AND LATER:
Now looking ahead--do you think that a year from now (1962,1966-1970:
you people; 1972,1974: you [and your family]; 1976 AND LATER: you [and
your family; 2000 TELEPHONE,2004: living here]) will be better  off
financially or worse off, or just about the same as now?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Better off (1956-1960,1964: get better)
2. Same (1956-1960,1964: stay the way it is)
3. Worse off (1956-1960,1964: get worse)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. DK; both; uncertain
0. NA; Form B (1986); no Pre IW; no Post IW; form II,III,IV (1972); R 
   assigned to Post administration and no Post IW (2000)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Weight variable VCF0010/VCF0010A must be used if
distributions including 1970 data are desired:  see VCF0010.
Note that use of VCF0010/VCF0010A as a weight reduces the
1970 total N for this variable:  form 2 whites who should appear as
code 0 INAP cases are excluded from the 1970 total N.
1992 NOTE:
This question was asked in both the pre and post; the pre data have
been incorporated here.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0010x/VCF0010y/VCF0010z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1956: V560080
1958: V580051
1960: V600077
1962: V620017
1964: V640131
1966: V660047
1968: V680278
1970: V700050(type 1)
1972: V720504
1974: V742314
1976: V763138
1978: V780322
1980: V800148
1982: V820326
1984: V840151
1986: V860358
1988: V880208
1990: V900420
1992: V923817
1994: V940904
1996: V960565
1998: V980416
2000: V000680
2002: V025115x
2004: V043063
2008: V083058x
2012: finance_finnext
2016: V161111
===================================================================================================
	

QUESTION:
---------
FEDERAL SPENDING - GENERAL TEXT

If you had a say in making up the federal budget this year, for which
(1986 AND LATER: of the following) programs would you like to see
spending increased and for which would you like to see spending
decreased:
Should federal spending on [ITEM] be increased, decreased or kept
about the same?

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Order of spending items (see also VCF9046-9050) varied among study 
years.   In some years, the series was administered with a break mid-
sequence.
===================================================================================================
VCF0886	

Federal Spending- Poor/Poor People

QUESTION:
---------
1992,1996: poor people
2000,2012-later: aid to the poor
2002,2004: aid to poor people

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Increased
2. Same
3. Decreased (before 2012: or cut out entirely)
8. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See federal spending question text and notes preceding this variable.
2002 NOTE 1:
There were two series of Federal spending questions. Respondents were
randomly assigned to one series in the Pre and the alternate in the 
Post. Within each series, respondents were randomly assigned to one of
two possible orderings.
2002 NOTE 2:
Respondents were randomly assigned one of two wordings: 'aid to poor
people' or 'aid to the working poor.' Data from 'aid to poor people'
are represented here.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1992: V923817
1996: V960565
2000: V000680
2002: V025115x
2004: V043172
2008: V083148
2012: fedspend_poor
2016: V161211
===================================================================================================
VCF0887	

Federal Spending- Child Care

QUESTION:
---------
Child care

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Increased
2. Same
3. Decreased (before 2012: or cut out entirely)
8. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See federal spending question text and notes for, and preceding,
VCF0886.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1988: V880382
1990: V900385
1992: V923813
1994: V940824
1996: V960564
2000: V000685
2002: V025110x
2004: V043170
2008: V083146
2012: fedspend_child
2016: V161210
===================================================================================================
VCF0888	

Federal Spending- Dealing with Crime

QUESTION:
---------
Dealing with crime

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Increased
2. Same
3. Decreased (before 2012: or cut out entirely)
8. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See federal spending question text and notes for, and preceding,
VCF0886.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V840997
1992: V923814
1994: V940825
1996: V960563
2000: V000684
2002: V025109x
2004: V043168
2008: V083148
2012: fedspend_crime
2016: V161208
===================================================================================================
VCF0889	

Federal Spending- Aids Research/Fight Aids

QUESTION:
---------
1988,1990: fighting the disease AIDS
1992-1996,2000,2002: AIDS research

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Increased
2. Same
3. Decreased or cut out entirely
8. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See federal spending question text and notes for, and preceding,
VCF0886.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1988: V880352
1990: V900379
1992: V923727
1994: V940821
1996: V960498
2000: V000677
2002: V025106x
===================================================================================================
VCF0890	

Federal Spending- Public Schools

QUESTION:
---------
Public schools

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Increased
2. Same
3. Decreased (before 2012: or cut out entirely)
8. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See federal spending question text and notes for, and preceding,
VCF0886.
2002 NOTE:
Respondents were randomly assigned one of two wordings: 'public school'
or 'big-city schools'.  Data for 'public schools' are represented here.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V840998
1988: V880349
1990: V900383
1992: V923818
1994: V940823
1996: V960562
2000: V000683
2002: V025108x
2004: V043166
2008: V083142
2012: fedspend_schools
2016: V161206
===================================================================================================
VCF0891	

Federal Spending- Fin Aid for College Students

QUESTION:
---------
Financial aid for college students

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Increased
2. Same
3. Decreased or cut out entirely
8. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See federal spending question text and notes for, and preceding,
VCF0886.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1986: V860328
1988: V880378
1992: V923728
1996: V960500
===================================================================================================
VCF0892	

Federal Spending- Foreign Aid

QUESTION:
---------
Foreign aid

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Increased
2. Same
3. Decreased or cut out entirely
8. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See federal spending question text and notes for, and preceding,
VCF0886.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1990: V900378
1996: V960499
2000: V000678
2002: V025116x
2004: V043171
2008: V083147
===================================================================================================
VCF0893	

Federal Spending- The Homeless

QUESTION:
---------
1988: the homeless
1990: government assistance for the homeless
1992,1996: solving the problem of the homeless

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Increased
2. Same
3. Decreased or cut out entirely
8. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See federal spending question text and notes for, and preceding,
VCF0886.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1988: V880385
1990: V900384
1992: V923730
1996: V960501
===================================================================================================
VCF0894	

Federal Spending- Welfare Programs

QUESTION:
---------
Welfare programs

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Increased
2. Same
3. Decreased (before 2012: or cut out entirely)
8. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See federal spending question text and notes for, and preceding,
VCF0886.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1992: V923726
1994: V940820
1996: V960497
2000: V000676
2002: V025107x
2004: V043169
2008: V083145
2012: fedspend_welfare
2016: V161209
===================================================================================================
VCF0900	

Congressional District of Residence

QUESTION:
---------
Congressional district of interview

VALID CODES:
------------
Codes1-53 Plus:

MISSING CODES:
--------------
99. District of Columbia
00. NA; wrong district identified
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Congressional district corresponds to the districting in effect during
the year of the interview, with the exception of California only for
1974: the redistricting occurring in California during 1974 was not
completed in time to be represented in the 1974 study.  District
numbers associated with 1974 California respondents are the district
numbers which were in effect in 1973.
Note that in some years several cases of corrections have been made to
states and/or Congressional districts due to inconsistencies or errors
in the STUDY data.
1992 NOTE 1:
For panel cases, this provides the congressional district of R's
original address (1990) rather than that of the address at which R was
residing in 1992.  Additionally, even if R did not move since 1990, the
redistricting which took place in many areas in 1992 may have changed
R'S district number in 1992.
1992 NOTE 2:
Late in 1994, it was discovered that in 50 cases an incorrect CD number
had been assigned.  These errors affect all questions related to House
race which are administered according to assigned-CD candidate names.
In the introduction to this codebook (p. iv) is a listing of 1992 (pre)
case IDs with correct congressional districts, however no data have
been changed in this file as a result.  Users of CDF data can delete
these cases from affected vars if desired.
1994 NOTE:
For panel cases who moved since their original, VCF0900 records the
congressional district where R was interviewed for the current Study.
The candidate list information also corresponds to the district where R
was residing during the current Study interview.
1996 NOTE:
same as 1994.
2000 NOTE:
3 cases were misidentified PA in the Preload but should have been NJ.
These cases are coded 00.
2002 NOTE:
Preload district assignment was incorrect in 1 case.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1956: V560008
1958: V580010
1960: V600011
1964: V640013
1966: V660011
1968: V680015
1970: V700025(type 0)
1972: V720006
1974: V742007
1976: V763007
1978: V780011
1980: V800007
1982: V820019
1984: V840013
1986: V860049
1988: V880013
1990: V900013
1992: V923019
1994: V940015
1996: V960107
1998: V980090
2000: V000083
2002: V021202
2004: V041202,V041204
2012: sample_district
2016: V161010f
===================================================================================================
VCF0900b	

State and Congressional District- FIPS

QUESTION:
---------
FIPS state and Congressional district of interview

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9999. 00,98,99 in VCF0900 or 00,99 in VCF0901a
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Built from VCF0901a and VCF0900.
2004 NOTE:
The 2004 study included a variable comparable to this, thus 2004
data is not built from VCF0901a and VCF0900.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
2004: V041202,V041204b
===================================================================================================
VCF0900c	

State and Congressional District- Postal Abbrev and CD

QUESTION:
---------
Postal code and Congressional district of interview

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9999. 00,98,99 in VCF0900 or blank in VCF0901b
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Built from VCF0901b (postal abbreviation) and VCF0900 (district).
2004 NOTE:
The 2004 study included a variable comparable to this, thus 2004
data is not built from VCF0901b and VCF0900.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
2004: V041202,V041204b
===================================================================================================
VCF0901a	

State Code- FIPS

QUESTION:
---------
State of interview - FIPS code

MISSING CODES:
--------------
99. NA
00. Wrong district identified (2000)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix 'STATE AND COUNTRY CODES'.
See notes VCF0901.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520006
1956: V560007
1958: V580009
1960: V600010
1962: V620003
1964: V640012
1966: V660010
1968: V680014
1970: V700018(type 0)
1972: V720004
1974: V742007
1976: V763007
1978: V780012
1980: V800008
1982: V820015
1984: V840013
1986: V860049
1988: V880012
1990: V900012
1992: V923017
1994: V940014
1996: V960109
1998: V980086
2000: V000079
2002: V021201
2004: V041202
2012: sample_state
2016: V161010e
===================================================================================================
VCF0901b	

State Postal Abbrev

QUESTION:
---------
State of interview - state postal abbreviation

MISSING CODES:
--------------
99. NA; wrong district identified (2000)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Built from VCF0901a.
NA, INAP in VCF0901a are represented here as 99.  Washington D.C. is
represented as 'DC'.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF0902	

Type of U.S. House Race

QUESTION:
---------
Type of House race for district of interviews

VALID CODES:
------------
12. Democratic incumbent running--Republican challenger
13. Democratic incumbent--other challenger
14. Democratic incumbent running--unopposed
19. Democratic incumbent running--Republican challenger and others
21. Republican incumbent running--Democratic challenger
23. Republican incumbent--other challenger
24. Republican incumbent running--unopposed
29. Republican incumbent running--Democratic challenger and others
31. Other incumbent running--Democratic challenger
32. Other incumbent running--Republican challenger
34. Other incumbent running--unopposed
35. Other incumbent running--Democratic and Republican challengers
36. Other incumbent running--Republican and other challengers
37. Other incumbent running--Democratic and other challengers
39. Other incumbent running -- Democratic, Republican, other challengers
40. Democratic and Republican incumbents running--no other candidate (see note)
41. Two Democratic incumbents running (see note)
45. Two Republican incumbents running (see note)
49. Democratic and Republican incumbents running--other candidate (see note)
51. No incumbent Repr. running--Democratic candidate unopposed
52. No incumbent Repr. running--Republican candidate unopposed
53. No incumbent Repr. running--other candidate unopposed
55. No incumbent Repr. running--Democratic and Republican candidates
56. No incumbent Repr. running--Republican and other candidates
57. No incumbent Repr. running--Democratic and other candidates
59. No incumbent Repr. running--Democratic and Republican and other candidates
83. No identifiable incumbent, Democratic candidate in open race due to 
       redistricting
84. No identifiable incumbent, Republican candidate in open race due to 
       redistricting
85. No identifiable incumbent, Democratic and Republican candidates in open race 
       due to redistricting
89. No identifiable incumbent, Democratic, Republican and other candidates in 
       open race due to redistricting

MISSING CODES:
--------------
99. NA
00. Washington D.C.; California (1974 only, due to redistricting type
    of race could not be determined); wrong district identified; no 
    post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
This variable is available for 1970, 1974 and 1976 as well as 1978 and
later.  See warning NOTE below.  In some years this variable is not
available for no-post cases.
ANES samples are not designed to be representative at the Congressional
district level.  Samples include cases from only some U.S.
Congressional districts; for most congressional districts in which
interviewing actually takes place, only a small number of interviews
are taken.
Codes 40,41,45 and 49 apply as a result of redistricting: for other
Cumulative Data File variables referent to 'the incumbent' and 'the
challenger' the incumbent who represented R's sampling location BEFORE
redistricting has been considered R's 'incumbent' and the other
candidate (incumbent previously not representing R's sample location)
has been considered the 'challenger'; if two incumbents ran against
each other due to redistricting but neither had previously represented
R's location,  neither candidate has been treated as an 'incumbent'.
SEE 2012 NOTE FOR CHANGE IN 2012.
1970,1974,1976 WARNING NOTE:
In 1970, 1974 and 1976, no type of race var was present in the original
ANES datasets.  Data for these years have been added to VCF0902 by
implementing a case-by-case determination of type of race for every R's
congressional district through consultation of reference materials.
The resultant data in VCF0902 for these years have been checked
somewhat, but perfect accuracy cannot be guaranteed due to the nature
of attempting case-by-case coding.  The type of race established in
VCF0902 (and data in VCF0904-905 by derivation) for 1970, 1974 and 1976
should be used with caution and at the user's risk.
1978 NOTE:
1978 data in this variable do not exactly match the 1978 Study data:
several congressional districts in 1978 were not accurately coded for
for type of House race.  MS03 was coded as 14 in the original 1978 data
but should have been coded 12 (24 cases);  NY19 was coded as 12 in the
original 1978 data but should have been coded 14 (9 cases);  NY38 was
coded as 21 but should have been coded 24 (14 cases).  In VCF0902 these
cases have been corrected.  However,Note that in other Cumulative Data
File 900s-series congressional vars except for VCF0904, VCF0905 and
VCF1004-1014,  candidate-level data continue to accord with the
original 1978 study designated type of race for MS03, NY19 and NY38.
1984 NOTE:
1 case in TX22 and 1 case in WA01 were mistakenly coded 65 in the
Study dataset and have been corrected to 55 here. Also, 1 case in WI05
was mistakenly coded 13 and has been corrected to 14 here.  1 case in
OH08 and 1 case in WI09 were mistakenly coded 12 and have been
corrected to 21 here.  Finally, 4 cases in CA38 were incorrectly coded
(1 as 13, 3 as 21) and have been corrected to 12 here.  These changes
have been reflected in VCF1004 and VCF1005.
1992 NOTE 1:
For panel cases, this provides the type of race for the 1992
congressional district of R's original address (1990) rather than the
address to which R may have moved by the time of the 1992 interview(s).
1992 NOTE 2:
Late in 1994, it was discovered that in 50 cases an incorrect CD number
had been assigned.  These errors affect all questions related to House
race which were administered according to assigned-CD candidate names.
In the introduction to this codebook is a listing of case IDs with
correct districts, however no data have been changed in this file as a
result.  Users can delete these cases from affected vars if desired.
1994 NOTE:
Codes represent type of race in district of interview location for the
current Study year.
1996 NOTE 1:
same as 1994.
1996 NOTE 2:
14 Pre interviews were conducted before the status of the congressional
race in R's district assumed its final form.  These cases are flagged
in 1996 Study variable V960127, and the race type projected at the time
the Pre interview was administered is documented in 1996 Study variable
V960128. (In such cases Pre survey data are consistent with V960128.)
1998 NOTE:  
2 districts had the incorrect type of race identified, and the 1998 
instrument was administered according to the incorrect type of House 
race.  Cumulative Data File variables utilize 1998 data which have not 
had corrections made:  In 1998, cases in AL07 should have been type 
race 14 (instead of 24); cases in CA41 should have been type race 55 
(instead of 12).
2000 NOTE:  
3 cases were misidentified PA in the Preload but should have been NJ. 
These cases are coded 00.
2002 NOTE:
Code 55 includes 2 cases from LA05 where a Democratic and 2 Republican
candidates were running.
2004 NOTE:
The extent of the Texas redistricting prior to the 2004 election 
produced House races with incumbents running in areas where he or 
she had provided little or no prior representation, thus no Texas 
candidate has been identified as a true incumbent (running or 
retiring) for the new Texas districts (House type race 44-49).
2012 NOTE:
The extent of redistricting in 2012 prohibited singling out, at 
district level, one candidate who not only ran in 2012 to represent 
households within the boundaries of the new district which corresponded
to R's household location and who was also, prior to the redistricting, 
the U.S. House representative for households within the boundaries of 
the previous district that corresponded to R's household location 
(prior to redistricting). Overlap of new and old district was often 
very small. Incumbents in VCF0902-VCF0905, VCF0908 can only identify 
whether or not a candidate running for Congress in 2012 was in office
in Congress prior to the 2012 elections.
Note that VCF1014 (House winner) is coded at district level according
to type House race in VCF0902.
Louisiana district 3 is coded for House race type 45; a Democratic
challenging candidate also ran in the district.
2016 NOTE:
Final candidates for the U.S. House election in district LA04 were not
determined prior to post-election interviewing. LA04 cases are coded
99. For some 2016 cases, names of candidates were not preloaded either 
because date of interview preceded date when final candidates were 
determined or else due to preload issue. For the latter instances, any 
CDF questions related to candidates are NA.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780004
1980: V800740
1982: V820006
1984: V840059
1986: V860043
1988: V880050
1990: V900058
1992: V923021
1994: V940017
1996: V960097
1998: V980065
2000: V000194
2002: V024500a
2004: V044502
2012: typerace2012_hse
2016: V161010e,V161010f
===================================================================================================
VCF0903	

Is House Incumbent Running

QUESTION:
---------
Incumbent candidate - checkpoint

VALID CODES:
------------
1. US House Representative is running for re-election in R's district
2. US House Representative is NOT running for re- election in R's district  
    ('retiring')

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); wrong district identified 
   (2000); Washington D.C.
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
1970, 1974 and 1976 data have been derived from VCF0902 (q.v.).
VCF0903 has not been affected [i.e., no correction is required] by
changes in 1978 data for type of House race (SEE VCF0902).  1984
corrections to original type of race data (SEE VCF0902) are not
reflected in VCF0903-905.
Code 1 includes congressional districts where 2 incumbents ran due to
redistricting.
Note that for districts where 2 incumbents were running due to
redistricting, neither of whom had previously represented R's location,
this variable has been coded 2.
2004 NOTE:
Note that for districts where 2 incumbents were running due to
redistricting, neither of whom had previously represented R's
location, this variable has been coded 2; when unclear whether
either incumbent had previously represented the district then
2 has been coded.
2012 NOTE:
See VCF0902 NOTEs.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780004
1980: V800928
1982: V820175
1984: V840932
1986: V860219
1988: V880714
1990: V900237
1992: V923021
1994: V940017
1996: V961122
1998: V980325
2000: V000194
2002: V024500a
2004: V044502
2012: typerace2012_hse
2016: V161010e,V161010f
===================================================================================================
VCF0904	

Is House Incumbent Opposed

QUESTION:
---------
Incumbent opposed/ unopposed - checkpoint

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Running incumbent is unopposed
2. Running incumbent is opposed

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. Washington D.C.; no Post IW; wrong district identified (2000)
0. No incumbent running in CD
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
1970, 1974 and 1976 data have been derived from VCF0902 (Q.V.).
Code 2 includes opposition from a non-major party candidate if his/her
name was on the candidate list.
Note that for districts where 2 incumbents were running due to
redistricting, neither of whom had previously represented R's location,
this variable has been coded 0.
1978 NOTE:
Several changes to data for type of House race from 1978 have been
made since previous release of the Cumulative Data File (see NOTEs
VCF0902). As a result, VCF0904 and VCF0905 have been changed
accordingly.
1984 NOTE:
Corrections to original type of race data (SEE VCF0902) are not
reflected in VCF0903-905.
2004 NOTE:
The extent of the Texas redistricting prior to the 2004 election
produced House races with incumbents running in areas where he or
she had provided little or no prior representation, thus no Texas
candidate has been identified as a true incumbent (running or
retiring) for the new Texas districts (House type race 44-49).
2012 NOTE:
See VCF0902 NOTEs.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780196
1980: V800740
1982: V820006
1984: V840059
1986: V860230
1988: V880725
1990: V900248
1992: V923021
1994: V940017
1996: V960097
1998: V980065
2000: V000194
2002: V024500a
2004: V044502
2012: typerace2012_hse
2016: V161010e,V161010f
===================================================================================================
VCF0905	

Number of Candidates in U.S. House Race

QUESTION:
---------
Number of candidates - checkpoint

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Major party candidate, unopposed
2. Two or more major party candidates

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); Washington D.C.; 
   candidate(s) not in major party; wrong district identified
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
This variable is available for 1970 and 1974-1992.  The 1970, 1974 and
1976 data were derived from VCF0902 (Q.V.).
Note that for districts where 2 incumbents were running due to
redistricting, neither of whom had previously represented R's location,
this variable has been coded 0.
1978 NOTE:
Several changes to data for type of House race from 1978 have been
made since previous release of the Cumulative Data File (see NOTEs
VCF0902). As a result, VCF0904 and VCF0905 have been changed
accordingly.
1984 NOTE:
Corrections to original type of race data (SEE VCF0902) are not
reflected in VCF0903-905.
2002 NOTE:
Several cases a where non-major-party incumbent was opposed by a major
party challenger have been coded 2.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780004
1980: V800740
1982: V820168
1984: V840928
1986: V860212
1988: V880050
1990: V900058
1992: V923021
1994: V940017
1996: V960097
1998: V980065
2000: V000194
2002: V024500a
2004: V044502
2012: typerace2012_hse
2016: V161010e,V161010f
===================================================================================================
VCF0906	

Thermometer - Democratic House Candidate

QUESTION:
---------
House Democratic candidate - feeling thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
0-100. Degrees as given

MISSING CODES:
--------------
990. No Democratic candidate
997. R doesn't recognize name
998. DK where to rate; can't judge
999. NA; refused; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone
     IW (1984); Washington D.C.; short form IW (1992)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
2016 NOTE:
Correction to 2016 data are in progress and will be provided in a future
release.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V782005
1980: V800855
1982: V820132
1984: V840753
1986: V860136
1988: V880601
1990: V900145
1992: V925311
1994: V940238
1996: V960278
1998: V980239
2000: V001298
2002: V025044
2004: V045046,V044502
2012: ftpo_hdc
2016: V162082
===================================================================================================
VCF0907	

Thermometer - Republican House Candidate

QUESTION:
---------
House Republican candidate -- feeling thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
0-100. Degrees as given

MISSING CODES:
--------------
990. no Republican candidate
997. R doesn't recognize name
998. DK where to rate; can't judge
999. NA; refused; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone
     IW (1984); Washington D.C.; short form IW (1992)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
2016 NOTE:
Correction to 2016 data are in progress and will be provided in a future
release.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V782006
1980: V800856
1982: V820133
1984: V840754
1986: V860137
1988: V880602
1990: V900146
1992: V925312
1994: V940239
1996: V960279
1998: V980240
2000: V001299
2002: V025045
2004: V045047, 044502
2012: ftpo_hrc
2016: V162083
===================================================================================================
VCF0908	

Thermometer - Incumbent House Candidate

QUESTION:
---------
Running House incumbent candidate -- feeling thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
0-100. Degrees as given

MISSING CODES:
--------------
990. Incumbent is not running
997. R doesn't recognize name
998. DK where to rate; can't judge
999. NA; refused; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone
     IW (1984); Washington D.C.; short form IW (1992)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
See question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
GENERAL NOTE:
Built from VCF0906,VCF0907.
2000 NOTE:
Data for independent running incumbents (VT01 VT05) are included.
2004 NOTE:
The extent of the Texas redistricting prior to the 2004 election
produced House races with incumbents running in areas where he or
she had provided little or no prior representation, thus no Texas
candidate has been identified as a true incumbent (running or
retiring) for the new Texas districts (House type race 44-49).
2012 NOTE:
See notes VCF0902.  This represents any district candidates running in
2012 (113th Congress) who had been in the House in any district for the
112th Congress (prior to the redistricting).
2016 NOTE:
Correction to 2016 data are in progress and will be provided in a future
release.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF0909	

Thermometer - Challenger House Candidate

QUESTION:
---------
Challenger to running House incumbent -- feeling thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
0-100. Degrees as given

MISSING CODES:
--------------
990. Incumbent is unopposed or not running
997. R doesn't recognize name
998. DK where to rate; can't judge
999. NA; refused; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone
     IW (1984); Washington D.C.; short form IW (1992)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
See question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
GENERAL NOTE:
Built from VCF0906,VCF0907.
2012 NOTE:
See notes VCF0908.
2016 NOTE:
Correction to 2016 data are in progress and will be provided in a future
release.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF0910	

Contact with Running U.S. House Incumbent

QUESTION:
---------
There are many ways in which (U.S. Representatives/congressional
candidates) can have contact with the people from their districts.  On
this page are some of these ways.
Think of [incumbent candidate] (who has been the U.S. Representative/
who ran for the U.S. House of Representatives) from this district.
Have you come into contact with or learned anything about (him/her)
through any of these ways? (LIST SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No, no contact at all

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; no Post IW; Washington D.C.; abbreviated IW (1984); short form IW 
   (1992)
0. No incumbent candidate running
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Districts in which the respondent's U.S. House Representative was not
running for re-election have been coded 0.
1984 NOTE:
If R was in a district where no incumbent was running BUT the interview
administered was a telephone IW, then VCF0910-917 have been coded 9,
not 0.  If R was in a district where no incumbent was running BUT the
interview administered was an abbreviated telephone IW, then VCF0918
has been coded 9, not 0.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V782033
1980: V800918
1982: V820176,V820213,V820223
1984: V840936
1986: V860220
1988: V880715
1990: V900238
1992: V925502,V925513
1994: V940502,V940513
===================================================================================================
VCF0911	

Running U.S. House Incumbent: Met Him

QUESTION:
---------
Which ones?
RESPONDENT MET [incumbent] PERSONALLY

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0910); NA VCF0911-917; no Post IW; 
   Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW (1992)
0. No incumbent candidate running; no contact; only contact mentioned is
   an unspecified 'other'
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0910.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V782034
1980: V800919
1982: V820177,V820214,V820224
1984: V840937
1986: V860221
1988: V880716
1990: V900239
1992: V925503,V925514
1994: V940503,V940514
===================================================================================================
VCF0912	

Running U.S. House Incumbent: Attended Meeting

QUESTION:
---------
Which ones?
RESPONDENT ATTENDED A MEETING OR GATHERING WHERE [incumbent] SPOKE

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0910); NA VCF0911-917; no Post IW; 
   Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW (1992)
0. No incumbent candidate running; no contact; only contact mentioned is
   an unspecified 'other'
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0910.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V782035
1980: V800920
1982: V820178,V820215,V820225
1984: V840938
1986: V860222
1988: V880717
1990: V900240
1992: V925504,V925515
1994: V940504,V940515
===================================================================================================
VCF0913	

Running U.S. House Incumbent: Talked to Staff

QUESTION:
---------
Which ones?
RESPONDENT TALKED TO A MEMBER OF [incumbent's] STAFF OR SOMEONE IN
[incumbent's] OFFICE

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0910); NA VCF0911-VCF0917; no Post IW; 
   Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW (1992)
0. No incumbent candidate running; no contact; only contact mentioned is
   an unspecified 'other'
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0910.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V782036
1980: V800921
1982: V820179,V820216,V820226
1984: V840939
1986: V860223
1988: V880718
1990: V900241
1992: V925505,V925516
1994: V940505,V940516
===================================================================================================
VCF0914	

Running U.S. House Incumbent: Received Mail

QUESTION:
---------
Which ones?
RESPONDENT RECEIVED SOMETHING IN MAIL FROM [incumbent]

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0910); NA VCF0911-VCF0917; no Post IW; 
   Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW (1992)
0. No incumbent candidate running; no contact; only contact mentioned is
   an unspecified 'other'
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0910.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V782037
1980: V800922
1982: V820180,V820217,V820227
1984: V840940
1986: V860224
1988: V880719
1990: V900242
1992: V925506,V925517
1994: V940506,V940517
===================================================================================================
VCF0915	

Running U.S. House Incumbent: Read About

QUESTION:
---------
Which ones?
RESPONDENT READ ABOUT [incumbent] IN A NEWSPAPER OR MAGAZINE

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0910); NA VCF0911-VCF917; no Post IW; 
   Washington  D.C. telephone IW (1984); short form IW (1992)
0. No incumbent candidate running; no contact; only contact mentioned is
   an unspecified 'other'
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0910.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V782038
1980: V800923
1982: V820181,V820218,V820228
1984: V840941
1986: V860225
1988: V880720
1990: V900243
1992: V925507,V925518
1994: V940507,V940518
===================================================================================================
VCF0916	

Running U.S. House Incumbent: Heard on Radio

QUESTION:
---------
Which ones?
RESPONDENT HEARD [incumbent] ON THE RADIO

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0910); NA VCF0911 VCF0917; no Post IW; 
   Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW (1992)
0. No incumbent candidate running; no contact; only contact mentioned is
   an unspecified 'other'
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0910.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V782039
1980: V800924
1982: V820182,V820219,V820229
1984: V840942
1986: V860226
1988: V880721
1990: V900244
1992: V925508,V925519
1994: V940508,V940519
===================================================================================================
VCF0917	

Running U.S. House Incumbent: Saw on TV

QUESTION:
---------
Which ones?
RESPONDENT SAW [incumbent] ON TV

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0910); NA VCF0911 VCF0917; no Post IW; 
   Washington  D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW (1992)
0. No incumbent candidate running; no contact; only contact mentioned is
   an unspecified 'other'
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0910.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V782040
1980: V800925
1982: V820183,V820220,V820230
1984: V840943
1986: V860227
1988: V880722
1990: V900245
1992: V925509,V925520
1994: V940509,V940520
===================================================================================================
VCF0918	

Know Anyone Who had Contact with Running U.S. House Incumbent

QUESTION:
---------
Do you know anyone, any of your family, friends or people at work, who
have had some contact with [incumbent]?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; DK; no Post IW; Washington D.C.; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); 
   short form IW (1992)
0. No incumbent candidate running
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0910.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V782042
1980: V800927
1982: V820185,V820222,V820232
1984: V840945
1986: V860229
1988: V880724
1990: V900247
1992: V925511,V925522
1994: V940511,V940522
===================================================================================================
VCF0919	

Challenger to Running U.S. House Incumbent

QUESTION:
---------
How about [challenging candidate] who also ran for has been the U.S.
House of Representative from this district.
Have you come into  contact with or learned anything about (him/her)
through any of these ways?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No, no contact at all

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; no Post IW; Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form 
   IW (1992)
0. Incumbent candidate unopposed or not running; challenger not in major 
   party
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Districts in which the respondent's U.S. House representative was not
running for re-election have been coded 0.
1984 NOTE:
if R was in a district where no incumbent was running or where the
incumbent was unopposed (or opposed by a non-major party challenger)
BUT the interview administered was a telephone IW, then VCF0919-926
have been coded 9, not 0.  If R was in a district where no incumbent
was running or where the incumbent was unopposed (or opposed by a non-
major party challenger) BUT the interview administered was an
abbreviated telephone IW, then VCF0927 has been coded 9, not 0.
1986 NOTE:
in the 1986 Study data, 8 major party challengers to the running U.S.
House incumbent were mistakenly excluded from challenger data (6
Republican challengers, 2 Democratic challengers). Contact data for
these individuals have been coded 9  (NA) in VCF0919-927 and VCF0947.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V782043
1980: V800929
1982: V820186,V820213,V820223
1984: V840946
1986: V860231
1988: V880726
1990: V900249
1992: V925502,V925513
1994: V940502,V940513
===================================================================================================
VCF0920	

Challenger to U.S. House Running Incumbent: Met Him

QUESTION:
---------
Which ones?
RESPONDENT MET [challenger] PERSONALLY

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0919); NA VCF0920-926; no Post IW; 
   Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW (1992)
0. Incumbent candidate unopposed or not running; no contact; only contact 
   mentioned is an unspecified 'other'; challenger not in major party
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0919.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V782044
1980: V800930
1982: V820187,V820214,V820224
1984: V840947
1986: V860232
1988: V880727
1990: V900250
1992: V925503,V925514
1994: V940503,V940514
===================================================================================================
VCF0921	

Challenger to U.S. House Running Incumbent: Attended Meeting

QUESTION:
---------
Which ones?
RESPONDENT ATTENDED A MEETING OR GATHERING WHERE [challenger] SPOKE

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0919); NA VCF0920-926; no Post IW; 
   Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW (1992)
0. Incumbent candidate unopposed or not running; no contact; only contact 
   mentioned is an unspecified 'other'; challenger not in major party
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0919.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V782045
1980: V800931
1982: V820188,V820215,V820225
1984: V840948
1986: V860233
1988: V880728
1990: V900251
1992: V925504,V925515
1994: V940504,V940515
===================================================================================================
VCF0922	

Challenger to U.S. House Running Incumbent: Talked to Staff

QUESTION:
---------
Which ones?
RESPONDENT TALKED TO A MEMBER OF [challenger's] STAFF OR SOMEONE IN
[challenger's] OFFICE

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0919); NA VCF0920-926; no Post IW; 
   Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW (1992)
0. Incumbent candidate unopposed or not running; no contact; only contact 
   mentioned is an unspecified 'other'; challenger not in major party
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0919.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V782046
1980: V800932
1982: V820189,V820216,V820226
1984: V840949
1986: V860234
1988: V880729
1990: V900252
1992: V925505,V925516
1994: V940505,V940516
===================================================================================================
VCF0923	

Challenger to U.S. House Running Incumbent: Received Mail

QUESTION:
---------
Which ones?
RESPONDENT RECEIVED SOMETHING IN MAIL FROM [challenger]

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0919); NA VCF0920-926; no Post IW; 
   Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW (1992)
0. Incumbent candidate unopposed or not running; no contact; only contact 
   mentioned is an unspecified 'other'; challenger not in major party
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0919.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V782047
1980: V800933
1982: V820190,V820217,V820227
1984: V840950
1986: V860235
1988: V880730
1990: V900253
1992: V925506,V925517
1994: V940506,V940517
===================================================================================================
VCF0924	

Challenger to U.S. House Running Incumbent: Read About

QUESTION:
---------
Which ones?
RESPONDENT READ ABOUT [challenger] IN A NEWSPAPER OR MAGAZINE

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0919); NA VCF0920-926; no Post IW; 
   Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984);  short form IW (1992)
0. Incumbent candidate unopposed or not running; no contact; only contact 
   mentioned is an unspecified 'other;' challenger not in major party
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0919.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V782048
1980: V800934
1982: V820191,V820218,V820228
1984: V840951
1986: V860236
1988: V880731
1990: V900254
1992: V925507,V925518
1994: V940507,V940518
===================================================================================================
VCF0925	

Challenger to U.S. House Running Incumbent: Heard on Radio

QUESTION:
---------
Which ones?
RESPONDENT HEARD [challenger] ON THE RADIO

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0919); NA VCF0920-926; no Post IW; 
   Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984);  short form IW (1992)
0. Incumbent candidate unopposed or not running; no contact; only contact 
   mentioned is an unspecified 'other'; challenger not in major party
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0919.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V782049
1980: V800935
1982: V820192,V820219,V820229
1984: V840952
1986: V860237
1988: V880732
1990: V900255
1992: V925508,V925519
1994: V940508,V940519
===================================================================================================
VCF0926	

Challenger to U.S. House Running Incumbent: Saw on TV

QUESTION:
---------
Which ones?
RESPONDENT SAW [challenger] ON TV

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0919); NA VCF0919-926; no Post IW; 
   Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW (1992)
0. Incumbent candidate unopposed or not running; no contact; only contact 
   mentioned is an unspecified 'other'; challenger not in major party
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0919.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V782050
1980: V800936
1982: V820193,V820220,V820230
1984: V840953
1986: V860238
1988: V880733
1990: V900256
1992: V925509,V925520
1994: V940509,V940520
===================================================================================================
VCF0927	

Know Anyone Who had Contact with Challenger to Running U.S. House Incumbent

QUESTION:
---------
Do you know anyone, any of your family, friends or people at work, who
have had some contact with [challenger]

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; DK; no Post IW; Washington D.C.; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); 
   short form IW (1992)
0. Incumbent candidate unopposed or not running; challenger not in major 
   party
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0919.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V782052
1980: V800938
1982: V820195,V820222,V820232
1984: V840955
1986: V860240
1988: V880735
1990: V900258
1992: V925511,V925522
1994: V940511,V940522
===================================================================================================
VCF0928	

Contact with U.S. House Democratic Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Think of [Democratic candidate] [who has been the U.S. Representative
from this district/ who ran for the U.S. House of Representatives from
this district].
Have you come into contact with or learned anything about (him/her)
through any of these ways?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No, no contact at all

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; no Post IW; Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW 
   (1992)
0. No Democratic candidate running
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
1984 NOTE:
If R was in a district where no Democratic candidate was running BUT
the interview administered was a telephone IW, then VCF0928-935 have
been coded 9, not 0.  If R was in a district where no Democratic
candidate was running BUT the interview administered was an abbreviated
telephone IW, then VCF0936 has been coded 9, not 0.
1986 NOTE:
In the 1986 Study dataset, 8 major party challengers to the running
U.S. House incumbent were mistakenly excluded from challenger data (SEE
VCF0919).  Two of the omitted challengers were Democratic:  contact
data for them appear in code 9 (NA) in VCF0928- VCF0936 and VCF0948.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V782013
1980: V800918,V800929,V800939
1982: V820176,V820186,V820213,V820267
1984: V840936,V840946,V840968
1986: V860220,V860231,V860241
1988: V880715,V880726,V880736
1990: V900238,V900249,V900259
1992: V925502
1994: V940502
===================================================================================================
VCF0929	

U.S. House Democratic Cand: Met Him

QUESTION:
---------
Which ones?
RESPONDENT MET [Democratic candidate] PERSONALLY

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0928); NA VCF0929 VCF0935; no Post IW; 
   Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW (1992)
0. No Democratic candidate running; no contact; only contact mentioned is
   an unspecified 'other'
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0928.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V782014
1980: V800919,V800930,V800940
1982: V820177,V820187,V820214,V820268
1984: V840937,V840947,V840969
1986: V860221,V860232,V860242
1988: V880716,V880727,V880737
1990: V900239,V900250,V900260
1992: V925503
1994: V940503
===================================================================================================
VCF0930	

U.S. House Democratic Cand: Attended Meeting

QUESTION:
---------
Which ones?
RESPONDENT ATTENDED A MEETING OR GATHERING WHERE [Democratic candidate]
SPOKE

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0928); NA VCF0929 VCF0935; no Post IW; 
   Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW (1992)
0. No Democratic candidate running; no contact; only contact mentioned is
   an unspecified 'other'
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0928.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V782015
1980: V800920,V800931,V800941
1982: V820178,V820188,V820215,V820269
1984: V840938,V840948,V840970
1986: V860222,V860233,V860243
1988: V880717,V880728,V880738
1990: V900240,V900251,V900261
1992: V925504
1994: V940504
===================================================================================================
VCF0931	

U.S. House Democratic Cand: Talked to Staff

QUESTION:
---------
Which ones?
RESPONDENT TALKED TO A MEMBER OF [Democratic candidate] STAFF OR
SOMEONE IN [Democratic candidate's] OFFICE

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0928); NA VCF0929 VCF0935; no Post IW; 
   Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW (1992)
0. No Democratic candidate running; no contact; only contact mentioned is
   an unspecified 'other'
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0928.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V782016
1980: V800921,V800932,V800942
1982: V820179,V820189,V820216,V820270
1984: V840939,V840949,V840971
1986: V860223,V860234,V860244
1988: V880718,V880729,V880739
1990: V900241,V900252,V900262
1992: V925505
1994: V940505
===================================================================================================
VCF0932	

U.S. House Democratic Cand: Received Mail

QUESTION:
---------
Which ones?
RESPONDENT RECEIVED SOMETHING IN MAIL FROM [Democratic candidate]

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0928); NA VCF0929 VCF0935; no Post IW; 
   Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW (1992)
0. No Democratic candidate running; no contact; only contact mentioned is
   an unspecified 'other'
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0928.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V782017
1980: V800922,V800933,V800943
1982: V820180,V820190,V820217,V820271
1984: V840940,V840950,V840972
1986: V860224,V860235,V860245
1988: V880719,V880730,V880740
1990: V900242,V900253,V900263
1992: V925506
1994: V940506
===================================================================================================
VCF0933	

U.S. House Democratic Cand: Read About

QUESTION:
---------
Which ones?
RESPONDENT READ ABOUT [Democratic candidate] IN A NEWSPAPER OR
MAGAZINE

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0928); NA VCF0929 VCF0935; no Post IW; 
   Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW (1992)
0. No Democratic candidate running; no contact; only contact mentioned is
   an unspecified 'other'
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0928.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V782018
1980: V800923,V800934,V800944
1982: V820181,V820191,V820218,V820272
1984: V840941,V840951,V840973
1986: V860225,V860236,V860246
1988: V880720,V880731,V880741
1990: V900243,V900254,V900264
1992: V925507
1994: V940507
===================================================================================================
VCF0934	

U.S. House Democratic Cand: Heard on Radio

QUESTION:
---------
Which ones?
RESPONDENT HEARD [Democratic candidate] ON THE RADIO

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0928); NA VCF0929-VCF935; no Post IW; 
   Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW (1992)
0. No Democratic candidate running; no contact; only contact mentioned is
   an unspecified 'other'
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0928.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V782019
1980: V800924,V800935,V800945
1982: V820182,V820192,V820219,V820273
1984: V840942,V840952,V840974
1986: V860226,V860237,V860247
1988: V880721,V880732,V880742
1990: V900244,V900255,V900265
1992: V925508
1994: V940508
===================================================================================================
VCF0935	

U.S. House Democratic Cand: Saw on TV

QUESTION:
---------
Which ones?
RESPONDENT SAW [Democratic candidate] ON TV

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0928); NA VCF0929 VCF0935; no Post IW; 
   Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW (1992)
0. No Democratic candidate running; no contact; only contact mentioned is
   an unspecified 'other'
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0928.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V782020
1980: V800925,V800936,V800946
1982: V820183,V820193,V820220,V820274
1984: V840943,V840953,V840975
1986: V860227,V860238,V860248
1988: V880722,V880733,V880743
1990: V900245,V900256,V900266
1992: V925509
1994: V940509
===================================================================================================
VCF0936	

Know Anyone Who had Contact with U.S. House Democratic Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Do you know anyone, any of your family, friends or people at work, who
have had some contact with [Democratic candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; DK; no Post IW; Washington D.C.; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); short 
   form IW (1992)
0. No Democratic candidate running
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0928.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V782022
1980: V800927,V800938,V800948
1982: V820185,V820195,V820222,V820276
1984: V840945,V840955,V840977
1986: V860229,V860240,V860250
1988: V880724,V880735,V880745
1990: V900247,V900258,V900268
1992: V925511
1994: V940511
===================================================================================================
VCF0937	

Contact with U.S. House Republican Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Think of [Republican candidate] [who has been the U.S. Representative
from this district/ who ran for the U.S. House of Representatives from
this district].
Have you come into contact with or learned anything about (him/her)
through any of these ways?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; no Post IW; Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW 
   (1992)
0. No Republican candidate running
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
1984 NOTE:
If R was in a district where no Republican candidate was running BUT
the interview administered was a telephone IW, then VCF0928-935 have
been coded 9, not 0.  If R was in a district where no Republican
candidate was running BUT the interview administered was an abbreviated
telephone IW, then VCF0936 has been coded 9, not 0.
1986 NOTE:
In the 1986 Study dataset, 8 major party challengers to the running
U.S. House incumbent were mistakenly excluded from challenger data (SEE
VCF0919).  Six of the omitted challengers were Republican:  contact
data for them appear in code 9 (NA) in VCF0928- VCF0936 and VCF0948.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V782023
1980: V800918,V800929,V800949
1982: V820176,V820186,V820223,V820277
1984: V840936,V840946,V840978
1986: V860220,V860231,V860251
1988: V880715,V880726,V880746
1990: V900238,V900249,V900269
1992: V925513
1994: V940513
===================================================================================================
VCF0938	

U.S. House Republican Cand: Met Him

QUESTION:
---------
Which ones?
RESPONDENT MET [Republican candidate] PERSONALLY

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0937); NA VCF0938 VCF0944; no Post IW; 
   Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW (1992)
0. No Republican candidate running; no contact; only contact mentioned is 
   an unspecified 'other'
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0937.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V782024
1980: V800919,V800930,V800950
1982: V820177,V820187,V820224,V820278
1984: V840937,V840947,V840979
1986: V860221,V860232,V860252
1988: V880716,V880727,V880747
1990: V900239,V900250,V900270
1992: V925514
1994: V940514
===================================================================================================
VCF0939	

U.S. House Republican Cand: Attended Meeting

QUESTION:
---------
Which ones?
RESPONDENT ATTENDED A MEETING OR GATHERING WHERE [Republican
candidate] SPOKE

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0937); NA VCF0938 VCF0944; no Post IW; 
   Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW (1992)
0. No Republican candidate running; no contact; only contact mentioned is
   an unspecified 'other'
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0937.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V782025
1980: V800920,V800931,V800951
1982: V820178,V820188,V820225,V820279
1984: V840938,V840948,V840980
1986: V860222,V860233,V860253
1988: V880717,V880728,V880748
1990: V900240,V900251,V900271
1992: V925515
1994: V940515
===================================================================================================
VCF0940	

U.S. House Republican Cand: Talked to Staff

QUESTION:
---------
Which ones?
RESPONDENT TALKED TO A MEMBER OF [Republican candidate's] STAFF OR
SOMEONE IN [Republican candidate's] OFFICE

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0937); NA VCF0938 VCF0944; no Post IW; 
   Washington D.C.
0. No Republican candidate running; no contact; only contact mentioned is
   an unspecified 'other'
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0937.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V782026
1980: V800921,V800932,V800952
1982: V820179,V820189,V820226,V820280
1984: V840939,V840949,V840981
1986: V860223,V860234,V860254
1988: V880718,V880729,V880749
1990: V900241,V900252,V900272
1992: V925516
1994: V940516
===================================================================================================
VCF0941	

U.S. House Republican Cand: Received Mail

QUESTION:
---------
Which ones?
RESPONDENT RECEIVED SOMETHING IN MAIL FROM [Republican candidate]

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0937); NA VCF0938 VCF0944; no Post IW; 
   Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW (1992)
0. No Republican candidate running; no contact; contact mentioned is an 
   unspecified 'other'
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0937.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V782027
1980: V800922,V800933,V800953
1982: V820180,V820190,V820227,V820281
1984: V840940,V840950,V840982
1986: V860224,V860235,V860255
1988: V880719,V880730,V880750
1990: V900242,V900253,V900273
1992: V925517
1994: V940517
===================================================================================================
VCF0942	

U.S. House Republican Cand: Read About

QUESTION:
---------
Which ones?
RESPONDENT READ ABOUT [Republican candidate] IN A NEWSPAPER OR
MAGAZINE

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0937); NA VCF0938 VCF0944; no Post IW; 
   Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW (1992)
0. No Republican candidate running; no contact; only contact mentioned is
   an unspecified 'other'
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0937.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V782028
1980: V800923,V800934,V800954
1982: V820181,V820191,V820228,V820282
1984: V840941,V840951,V840983
1986: V860225,V860236,V860256
1988: V880720,V880731,V880751
1990: V900243,V900254,V900274
1992: V925518
1994: V940518
===================================================================================================
VCF0943	

U.S. House Republican Cand: Heard on Radio

QUESTION:
---------
Which ones?
RESPONDENT HEARD [Republican candidate] ON THE RADIO

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0937); NA VCF0938 VCF0944; no Post IW; 
   Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW (1992)
0. No Republican candidate running; no contact; only contact mentioned is 
   an unspecified 'other'
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0937.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V782029
1980: V800924,V800935,V800955
1982: V820182,V820192,V820229,V820283
1984: V840942,V840952,V840984
1986: V860226,V860237,V860257
1988: V880721,V880732,V880752
1990: V900244,V900255,V900275
1992: V925519
1994: V940519
===================================================================================================
VCF0944	

U.S. House Republican Cand: Saw on TV

QUESTION:
---------
Which ones?
RESPONDENT SAW [Republican candidate] ON TV

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0937); NA VCF0938 VCF0944; no Post IW; 
   Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW (1992)
0. No Republican candidate running; no contact; only contact mentioned is 
   an unspecified 'other'
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0937.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V782030
1980: V800925,V800936,V800956
1982: V820183,V820193,V820230,V820284
1984: V840943,V840953,V840985
1986: V860227,V860238,V860258
1988: V880722,V880733,V880753
1990: V900245,V900256,V900276
1992: V925520
1994: V940520
===================================================================================================
VCF0945	

Know Anyone Who had Contact with U.S. House Republican Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Do you know anyone, any of your family, friends or people at work, who
have had some contact with [Republican candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; DK; no Post IW; Washington D.C.; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); 
   short form IW (1992)
0. No Republican candidate running
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0937.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V782032
1980: V800927,V800938,V800958
1982: V820185,V820195,V820232,V820286
1984: V840945,V840955,V840987
1986: V860229,V860240,V860260
1988: V880724,V880735,V880755
1990: V900247,V900258,V900278
1992: V925522
1994: V940522
===================================================================================================
VCF0946	

Count of Contact Types- Running U.S. House Incumbent Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Number of specified contacts made with running incumbent candidate

VALID CODES:
------------
0. No contacts
1. One contact
2. Two contacts
3. Three contacts
4. Four contacts
5. Five contacts
6. Six contacts
7. Seven contacts

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. Incumbent not running
9. NA; DK; no Post IW; Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short 
   form IW (1992)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
Derived from VCF0911-917.
GENERAL NOTE:
This variable does not count contacts other than the 7 specified
types of contact.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF0946a	

Yes/No Any Contact with Running U.S. House Incumbent Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Contact with running incumbent? (YES/NO)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes, contact
5. No, no contact

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0.MD in VCF0946
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
This var collapses VCF0946.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF0947	

Count of Contact Types- Challenger to Running U.S. House Incumbent Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Number of specified contacts made with challenger to running
incumbent candidate

VALID CODES:
------------
0. No contacts
1. One contact
2. Two contacts
3. Three contacts
4. Four contacts
5. Five contacts
6. Six contacts
7. Seven contacts

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. Incumbent not running or running unopposed
9. NA; DK; no Post IW; Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short 
   form IW (1992)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
Derived from VCF0920-926.
GENERAL NOTE:
This variable does not count contacts other than the 7 specified
types of contact.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF0947a	

Yes/No Any Contact with Challenger to Running U.S. House Incumbent Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Contact with challenger to running incumbent? (YES/NO)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes, contact
5. No, no contact

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0.MD in VCF0947
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
This var collapses VCF0947.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF0948	

Count of Contact Types- U.S. House Democratic Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Number of specified contacts made with Democratic candidate

VALID CODES:
------------
0. No contacts
1. One contact
2. Two contacts
3. Three contacts
4. Four contacts
5. Five contacts
6. Six contacts
7. Seven contacts

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. Democrat not running
9. NA; DK; no Post IW; Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short 
   form IW (1992)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
Derived from VCF0928-935.
GENERAL NOTE:
This variable does not count contacts other than the 7 specified
types of contact.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF0948a	

Yes/No Any Contact with U.S. House Democratic Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Contact with Democratic candidate? (YES/NO)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes, contact
5. No, no contact

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0.MD in VCF0948
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
This variable collapsed from VCF0948.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF0949	

Count of Contact Types- U.S. House Republican Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Number of specified contacts made with Republican candidate

VALID CODES:
------------
0. No contacts
1. One contact
2. Two contacts
3. Three contacts
4. Four contacts
5. Five contacts
6. Six contacts
7. Seven contacts

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. Republican not running
9. NA; DK; no Post IW; Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form 
   IW (1992)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
Derived from VCF0937-944.
GENERAL NOTE:
This variable does not count contacts other than the 7 specified
types of contact.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF0949a	

Yes/No Any Contact with U.S. House Republican Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Contact with Republican candidate? (YES/NO)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes, contact
5. No, no contact

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0.MD in VCF0949
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
This var collapses VCF0949.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF0950	

Contacted Running U.S. House Incumbent

QUESTION:
---------
Have you (or anyone in your family living here) ever contacted
[running U.S. House incumbent] or anyone in his/her office?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; DK; no Post IW; Washington D.C.; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); short
   form IW (1992)
0. Incumbent not running
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Districts where the incumbent was not running have been coded 0.
1984 NOTE:
if R was in a district where the U.S. House representative was not
running for re-election BUT the interview administered was an
abbreviated telephone IW, then VCF0950-960 have been coded 9, not 0.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780227
1980: V800959
1982: V820196,V820233,V820250
1984: V840956
1986: V860282
1988: V880780
1990: V900303
1992: V925701
1994: V940628
===================================================================================================
VCF0951	

Contacted Running U.S. House Incumbent to Express Opinion

QUESTION:
---------
Have you (or anyone in your family living here) ever contacted
[running U.S. House incumbent] or anyone in his/her office?
(IF YES: ) Was it to express an opinion?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; DK; no Post IW; Washington D.C.; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); short
   form IW (1992)
0. Never (or DK/NA if) contacted incumbent; incumbent not running
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0950.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780228
1980: V800960
1982: V820197,V820234,V820251
1984: V840957
1986: V860283
1988: V880781
1990: V900304
1992: V925702
1994: V940629
===================================================================================================
VCF0952	

Contacted Running U.S. House Incumbent to Seek Information

QUESTION:
---------
Have you (or anyone in your family living here) ever contacted
[running U.S. House incumbent] or anyone in his/her office?
(IF YES: ) Was it to seek information?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; DK; no Post IW; Washington D.C.; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); short
   form IW (1992)
0. Never (or DK/NA if) contacted incumbent; incumbent not running
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0950.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780229
1980: V800961
1982: V820198,V820235,V820252
1984: V840958
1986: V860284
1988: V880782
1990: V900305
1992: V925703
1994: V940630
===================================================================================================
VCF0953	

Contacted Running U.S. House Incumbent to Seek Help

QUESTION:
---------
Have you (or anyone in your family living here) ever contacted
[running U.S. House incumbent] or anyone in his/her office?
(IF YES: ) Was it to seek help on a problem (/problem that you had)?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; DK; no Post IW; Washington D.C.; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); short 
   form IW (1992)
0. Never (or DK/NA if) contacted incumbent; incumbent not running
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0950.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780230
1980: V800962
1982: V820199,V820236,V820253
1984: V840959
1986: V860285
1988: V880783
1990: V900306
1992: V925704
1994: V940631
===================================================================================================
VCF0954	

Response to Contact with Running U.S. House Incumbent

QUESTION:
---------
Have you (or anyone in your family living here) ever contacted
[running U.S. House incumbent] or anyone in his/her office?
(IF YES: )  Did you get a response from [running U.S. House incumbent] or
someone in his/her office?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; DK; no Post IW; Washington D.C.; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); short 
   form IW (1992)
0. Never (or DK/NA if) contacted incumbent; incumbent not running; type of 
   contact NA (1992 ONLY: NA in VCF0951-953)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0950.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780231
1980: V800963
1982: V820200,V820237,V820254
1984: V840960
1986: V860286
1988: V880784
1990: V900307
1992: V925705
1994: V940632
===================================================================================================
VCF0955	

Satisfied w/Response from Running U.S. House Incumbent

QUESTION:
---------
Have you (or anyone in your family living here) ever contacted
[running U.S. House incumbent] or anyone in his/her office?
(IF YES: ) Did you get a response from [running U.S. House incumbent] or
someone in his/her office?
(IF YES:) How satisfied were you with the response: very satisfied,
somewhat satisfied, not very satisfied, or not at all satisfied?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Very satisfied
2. Somewhat satisfied
4. Not very satisfied
5. Not at all satisfied

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; DK; no Post IW; Washington D.C.; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); short
   form IW (1992)
0. Never (or DK/NA if) received response; never (or DK/NA if) contacted 
   incumbent; incumbent not running; type of contact NA (1992 Only: NA
   in VCF09451-953)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0950.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780232
1980: V800964
1982: V820201,V820238,V820255
1984: V840961
1986: V860287
1988: V880785
1990: V900308
1992: V925706
1994: V940633
===================================================================================================
VCF0956	

Know Anyone (Else) Who Contacted Running U.S. House Incumbent

QUESTION:
---------
Do you know anyone {else} who has contacted [running U.S. House
incumbent] or anyone in his/her office?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; DK; no Post IW; Washington D.C.; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); short
   form IW (1992)
0. Incumbent not running
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0950.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780233
1980: V800965
1982: V820202,V820239,V820256
1984: V840962
1986: V860288
1988: V880786
1990: V900309
1992: V925707
1994: V940634
===================================================================================================
VCF0957	

Other Person Get Response from Running U.S. House Incumbent

QUESTION:
---------
Do you know anyone {else} who has contacted [running U.S. House
incumbent] or anyone in his/her office?
(IF YES: ) Did this (person/group) get a response?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; DK; no Post IW; Washington D.C.; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); short 
   form IW (1992)
0. Doesn't know (or DK/NA if knows) of anyone else; incumbent not running
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0950.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780234
1980: V800966
1982: V820203,V820240,V820257
1984: V840963
1986: V860289
1988: V880787
1990: V900310
1992: V925708
1994: V940635
===================================================================================================
VCF0958	

Other Person Satisfied w/Response from Running U.S. House Incumbent

QUESTION:
---------
Do you know anyone {else} who has contacted [running U.S. House
incumbent] or anyone in his/her office?
Did this (person/group) get a response?
1978-1986: (IF YES:) Was this (person/group) satisfied with the response?
1988-1992: (IF YES:) How satisfied was this (person/group) with the
response?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Very satisfied (1978-1984:  Yes; satisfied)
2. Somewhat satisfied
4. Not very satisfied (1978-1984: Somewhat dissatisfied)
5. Not at all satisfied (1978-1984: No; not satisfied)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; DK; no Post IW; Washington D.C.; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); 
   short form IW (1992)
0. Person/group did not get (or DK/NA if got) a response; R does not know 
   (or DK/NA if knows) of anyone else; incumbent not running
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0950.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780235
1980: V800967
1982: V820204,V820241,V820258
1984: V840964
1986: V860290
1988: V880788
1990: V900311
1992: V925709
1994: V940636
===================================================================================================
VCF0959	

Would Running U.S. House Incumbent be Helpful with Problem

QUESTION:
---------
If you had (another/a) problem that [running U.S. House incumbent]
could do something about, do you think (he/she) would be very helpful,
somewhat helpful, or not very helpful?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Very helpful
2. Somewhat helpful
3. Not very helpful
7. Depends

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; DK; no Post IW; Washington D.C.; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); 
   short form IW (1992)
0. Incumbent not running
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0950.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780236
1980: V800968
1982: V820205,V820242,V820259
1984: V840965
1986: V860291
1988: V880791
1990: V900312
1992: V925712
1994: V940639
===================================================================================================
VCF0960	

Running U.S. House Incumbent Done Anything Special for District

QUESTION:
---------
Do you happen to remember anything special that [running U.S. House
incumbent] has done for his/her district or for the people of his/her
district while s/he has been in Congress?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; DK; no Post IW; Washington D.C.; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); 
   short form IW (1992)
0. Incumbent not running
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0950.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780237
1980: V800969
1982: V820206,V820243,V820260
1984: V840966
1986: V860292
1988: V880792
1990: V900316
1992: V925713
1994: V940640
===================================================================================================
VCF0961	

Contacted Running or Retiring U.S. House Incumbent

QUESTION:
---------
Have you (or anyone in your family living here) ever contacted
[retiring OR running U.S. House Representative] or anyone in his/her
office?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. DK; NA; no Post IW; District of Columbia (1986)
0. No recent incumbent (1990, NJ01: 10 cases)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
1990 NOTE:
For New Jersey congressional district 01, the U.S. Representative was
neither 'retiring' nor running at the time of the 1990 general
elections.  The Representative from NJ01 had campaigned for and been
elected to another office in 1989, and the office of Representative in
NJ 01 was not (in effect) occupied until after the 1990 elections.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780227
1980: V800959
1986: V860282
1990: V900303
===================================================================================================
VCF0962	

Contacted Running or Retiring U.S. House Incumbent to Express Opinion

QUESTION:
---------
Have you (or anyone in your family living here) ever contacted
[retiring OR running U.S. House Representative] or anyone in his/her
office?
(IF YES: ) Was it to express an opinion?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. DK; NA; no Post IW; District of Columbia (1986)
0. Never (or DK/NA if) contacted incumbent; no recent incumbent (1990, 
   NJ01: 10 cases)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0961.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780228
1980: V800960
1986: V860283
1990: V900304
===================================================================================================
VCF0963	

Contacted Running or Retiring U.S. House Incumbent to Seek Information

QUESTION:
---------
Have you (or anyone in your family living here) ever contacted
[retiring OR running U.S. House Representative] or anyone in his/her
office?
(IF YES: ) Was it to seek information?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. DK; NA; no Post IW; District of Columbia (1986)
0. Never (or DK/NA if) contacted incumbent; no recent incumbent (1990, 
   NJ01: 10 cases)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0961.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780229
1980: V800961
1986: V860284
1990: V900305
===================================================================================================
VCF0964	

Contacted Running or Retiring U.S. House Incumbent to Seek Help

QUESTION:
---------
Have you (or anyone in your family living here) ever contacted
[retiring OR running U.S. House Representative] or anyone in his/her
office?
(IF YES: ) Was it to seek help on a problem?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. DK; NA; no Post IW; District of Columbia (1986)
0. Never (or DK/NA if) contacted incumbent; no recent incumbent (1990, 
   NJ01: 10  cases)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0961.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780230
1980: V800962
1986: V860285
1990: V900306
===================================================================================================
VCF0965	

Response to Contact with Running or Retiring U.S. House Incumbent

QUESTION:
---------
Have you (or anyone in your family living here) ever contacted
[retiring OR running U.S. House Representative] or anyone in his/her
office?
(IF YES: ) Did you get a response from [U.S. House representative] or
someone in his/her office?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. DK; NA; no Post IW; District of Columbia (1986)
0. Never (or DK/NA if) contacted incumbent; no recent incumbent (1990, 
   NJ01: 10  cases)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0961.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780231
1980: V800963
1986: V860286
1990: V900307
===================================================================================================
VCF0966	

Satisfied w/Response from Running or Retiring U.S. House Incumbent

QUESTION:
---------
Have you (or anyone in your family living here) ever contacted
[retiring OR running U.S. House Representative] or anyone in his/her
office?
(IF YES: )  Did you get a response from [U.S. House representative] or
someone in his/her office?
(IF YES:) How satisfied were you with the response: very satisfied,
somewhat satisfied, not very satisfied, or not at all satisfied?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Very satisfied
2. Somewhat satisfied
4. Not very satisfied
5. Not at all satisfied

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. DK; NA; no Post IW; District of Columbia (1986)
0. Never (or DK/NA if) received response; never (or DK/NA if) contacted 
   incumbent; no recent incumbent (1990, NJ01:10 cases)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0961.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780232
1980: V800964
1986: V860287
1990: V900308
===================================================================================================
VCF0967	

Know Anyone (Else) Who Contacted Running or Retiring U.S. House Incumbent

QUESTION:
---------
Do you know anyone {else} who has contacted [retiring OR running U.S.
House representative] or anyone in his/her office?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. DK; NA; no Post IW; District of Columbia (1986)
0. No recent incumbent (1990, NJ01: 10 cases)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0961.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780233
1980: V800965
1986: V860288
1990: V900309
===================================================================================================
VCF0968	

Other Person Get Response from Running or Retiring U.S. House Incumbent

QUESTION:
---------
Do you know anyone {else} who has contacted [retiring OR running  U.S.
House representative] or anyone in his/her office?
(IF YES: ) Did this (person/group) get a response?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. DK; NA; no Post IW; District of Columbia (1986)
0. Doesn't know (or DK/NA if knows) of anyone else; no recent incumbent 
   (1990, NJ01: 10 cases)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0961.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780234
1980: V800966
1986: V860289
1990: V900310
===================================================================================================
VCF0969	

Other Person Satisfied with Response fr Running/Retiring U.S. House Incumbent

QUESTION:
---------
Do you know anyone {else} who has contacted [retiring OR running U.S.
House Representative] or anyone in his/her office?
(IF YES: ) Did this (person/group) get a response?
1978,1980: (IF YES:) Was this (person/group) satisfied with the response?
1986,1990: (IF YES:) How satisfied was this (person/group) with the
response?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Very satisfied (1978,1980:  Yes; satisfied)
2. Somewhat satisfied
4. Not very satisfied (1978,1980: Somewhat dissatisfied)
5. Not at all satisfied (1978,1980: No; not satisfied)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. DK; NA; no Post IW; District of Columbia (1986)
0. Person/group did not get (of DK/NA if got) a response; R does not know
   (or DK/NA if knows) of anyone else; no recent incumbent (1990, NJ01: 
   10 cases)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0961.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780235
1980: V800967
1986: V860290
1990: V900311
===================================================================================================
VCF0970	

Would Running or Retiring U.S. House Incumbent be Helpful with Problem

QUESTION:
---------
If you had (another/a) problem that [retiring OR running U.S. House
representative] could do something about, do you think (he/she) would
be very helpful, somewhat helpful, or not very helpful?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Very helpful
2. Somewhat helpful
3. Not very helpful
7. Depends

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. DK; NA; no Post IW; District of Columbia (1986); short form (1992)
0. No recent incumbent (1990, NJ01: 10 cases)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0961.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780236
1980: V800968
1986: V860291
1990: V900312
===================================================================================================
VCF0971	

Running or Retiring U.S. House Incumbent Done Anything Special for District

QUESTION:
---------
Do you happen to remember anything special that [retiring OR running
U.S. House representative] has done for his/her district or for the
people of his/her district while s/he has been in Congress?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. DK; NA; no Post IW; District of Columbia (1986)
0. No recent incumbent (1990, NJ01: 10 cases)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0961.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780237
1980: V800969
1986: V860292
1990: V900316
===================================================================================================
VCF0972	

Recall Names of U.S. House Candidates

QUESTION:
---------
ALL YEARS EXC. 2000: Do you happen to remember the names of the candidates 
for Congress--that is, for the House of Representatives in Washington--
[1996-LATER: Who ran in the November election from this district?] that 
ran in this district in November?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No; DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; no Post IW; Washington D.C.; form II,III, IV (1972); abbrev. 
   telephone IW (1984); short form (1992)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
2000 NOTE:
Asked pre-election.  All other years asked post-election

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1958: V580095
1964: V640307
1966: V660088
1968: V680378,V680379
1970: V700202(type 0)
1972: V720945
1974: V742214
1978: V780115
1980: V800823
1982: V820098
1984: V840737
1986: V860103
1988: V880565
1990: V900107
1992: V925109
1994: V940210
1996: V961006
1998: V980223
2000: V000343
===================================================================================================
VCF0973	

Recall Correct Name of U.S. House Candidate

QUESTION:
---------
Do you happen to remember the names of the candidates for Congress--
that is, for the House of Representatives in Washington-- [1996-LATER: 
Who ran in the November election from this district?] that ran in this
district in November?
(IF YES:) Who were they?
(1996-LATER:)  What is [NAME'S] party?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. NAME:valid,    PARTY: correct
2. NAME:valid,    PARTY: incorrect
3. NAME:valid,    PARTY: DK/NA
4. NAME:invalid,  PARTY: any
5. NAME:invalid,  PARTY: DK/NA
6. NAME:DK/NA,    PARTY: any
7. NAME:DK,       PARTY: DK/NA;
   NAME:NA,       PARTY: DK/NA;
   R says s/he recalls no names in VCF0972

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. Abbrev. telephone IW (1984); no Post IW; Washington D.C.; short form 
   (1992); NA if R remembers any names (9 in VCF0972); NA name and DK party 
   (1978 only);  R's district misidentified and R said he/she remembered a 
   name
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
1958, 1964-1974 data were not coded comparably and are excluded.
1978 NOTE:
Tthe second part of code 7 does not apply:  it was combined with other
missing data (code 9).
2000 NOTE:
Cases have been coded for 0 recalls in VCF0973-VCF0975 and in VCF0976
for the following:  1 case with district identification NA where R said
he/she recalled no names; 2 cases with district misidentified (see
VCF0900) where R said he/she recalled no names. The last of 3 cases
with misidentified district produced a single recall from R and has
been coded 9 in VCF0973-VCF0975 and 99 in VCF0976.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780118
1980: V800826
1982: V820102
1984: V840741
1986: V860107
1988: V880569
1990: V900111
1992: V925113
1994: V940214
1996: V961010
1998: V980227
2000: V000347
===================================================================================================
VCF0974	

Recall Correct Name of U.S. House Candidate

QUESTION:
---------
Do you happen to remember the names of the candidates for Congress--
that is, for the House of Representatives in Washington-- [1996-LATER: 
Who ran in the November election from this district?] that ran in this
district in November?  (IF YES:)
Who were they?  (2ND MENTION)
[1996-LATER:]  What was (NAME'S) party?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. NAME:valid,    PARTY: correct
2. NAME:valid,    PARTY: incorrect
3. NAME:valid,    PARTY: DK/NA
4. NAME:invalid,  PARTY: any
5. NAME:invalid,  PARTY: DK/NA
6. NAME:DK/NA,    PARTY: any
7. NAME:DK,       PARTY: DK/NA;
   NAME:NA,       PARTY: DK/NA;
   R says s/he recalls no names in VCF0972;
   No second mention

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. Abbrev. telephone IW (1984); no Post IW; Washington D.C.; short form 
   (1992); NA if R remembers any names (9 in 972); NA and DK party (1978 
   only); R's district misidentified and R said he/she remembered a name
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0973.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780121
1980: V800829
1982: V820106
1984: V840745
1986: V860111
1988: V880573
1990: V900115
1992: V925117
1994: V940218
1996: V961014
1998: V980231
2000: V000351
===================================================================================================
VCF0975	

Recall Correct Name of U.S. House Candidate

QUESTION:
---------
Do you happen to remember the names of the candidates for Congress--
that is, for the House of Representatives in Washington-- [1996-LATER: 
Who ran in the November election from this district?] that ran in this
district in November?  (IF YES:)
Who were they?  (3RD MENTION)
[1996-LATER:]  What was (NAME'S) party?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. NAME:valid,    PARTY: correct
2. NAME:valid,    PARTY: incorrect
3. NAME:valid,    PARTY: DK/NA
4. NAME:invalid,  PARTY: any
5. NAME:invalid,  PARTY: DK/NA
6. NAME:DK/NA,    PARTY: any;
7. NAME:DK,       PARTY: DK/NA;
   NAME:NA,       PARTY: DK/NA;
   R says s/he recalls no names in VCF0972;
   No second or third interview

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. abbrev. telephone IW (1984); no Post IW; Washington D.C.; short form 
   (1992); NA if R remembers any names (9 in 972); NA name and DK party (1978 
   only); R's district misidentified and R said he/she remembered a name
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0973.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780124
1980: V800832
1982: V820110
1984: V840749
1986: V860115
1988: V880577
1990: V900119
1992: V925121
1994: V940222
1996: V961018
1998: V980235
2000: V000355
===================================================================================================
VCF0976	

Number of Recalled Names of U.S. House Candidates

QUESTION:
---------
Summary:  number of correct recalls-- U.S. House candidates

VALID CODES:
------------
NONAME CORRECT
00. R's recall of any name(s) incorrect/DK/NA; any party mention(s) OR party 
    mentions DK/NA; R says s/he recalls no names in VCF0972
ONE CORRECT NAME
10. R's recall correct for one name; party mention incorrect/DK/NA
11. R's recall correct for one name; party mention correct
TWO CORRECT NAMES
20. R's recall correct for 2 names; both party mentions incorrect/ DK/NA
21. R's recall correct for 2 names; one party mention correct
22. R's recall correct for 2 names; both party mentions correct
THREE CORRECT NAMES
30. R's recall correct for 3 names; all party mentions incorrect/DK/NA
31. R's recall correct for 3 names; one party mention correct
32. R's recall correct for 3 names; two party mentions correct
33. R's recall correct for 3 names; all party mentions correct

MISSING CODES:
--------------
99. Abbrev. telephone IW (1984); no Post IW ; Washington D.C.; short 
    form (1992); NA if R remembers any names (9 in VCF0972); R's district 
    misidentified and R said he/she remembered a name
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Based on VCF0973 - VCF0975

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780115,V780118,V780121,V780124
1980: V800823,V800826,V800829,V800832
1982: V820098,V820102,V820106,V820110
1984: V840737,V840741,V840745,V840749
1986: V860103,V860107,V860111,V860115
1988: V880569,V880573,V880577
1990: V900111,V900115,V900119
1992: V925113,V925117,V925121
1994: V940214,V940218,V940222
1996: V961010,V961014,V961018
1998: V980227,V980231,V980235
2000: V000347,V000351,V000355
===================================================================================================
VCF0977	

Know If One U.S. House Candidate Was Already in the U.S. House

QUESTION:
---------
1958,1964,1966: 
Do you happen to know if (either/the) candidate is already in Congress?
1968:
Do you happen to know if (either one of these candidates/if he) is
already in Congress:
1978 AND LATER:
Do you happen to know if [candidate in district where only 1 candidate
ran] / either [first candidate in district where 2 candidates ran] or
[second candidate in district where 2 candidates ran] was already in the
U.S. House of Representatives before the election?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes, candidate was/ one candidate was/ (some years: [see VCF0978]: both)
3. No, candidate wasn't/neither candidate was
5. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; no major party candidate running; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone 
   (1984); Washington D.C.; short form (1992)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
1968 NOTE:
In 1968, 27 respondents were administered incorrect candidate names;
these casea are coded 9.
1996 NOTE:
For districts with 2 major party candidates, the order in which the
Democratic and Republican House candidate names were read within the
question text was randomized.
1998 NOTE:
same as 1996
2000 NOTE:
same as 1996

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1958: V580097
1964: V640312
1966: V660093
1968: V680383
1978: V780180
1980: V800912
1982: V820169
1984: V840929,V840932
1986: V860213,V860216
1988: V880708,V880711
1990: V900231,V900234
1992: V925435,V925438
1994: V940431,V940434
1996: V961068,V961070
1998: V980299,V980301
2000: V001353a,V001354
===================================================================================================
VCF0978	

Correct Whether a U.S. House Candidate Was Already in Office

QUESTION:
---------
1958,1964,1966: 
Do you happen to know if (either/the) candidate is already in Congress?
(IF YES AND 2 MAJOR PARTY CANDIDATES IN DISTRICT:) Which {candidate} was
that?
1968:
Do you happen to know if (either one of these candidates/if he) is
already in Congress? (IF YES AND 2 MAJOR PARTY CANDIDATES IN DISTRICT:)
Which one?
1978 AND LATER:
Do you happen to know if [candidate in district where only 1 candidate
ran] / either [first candidate in district where 2 candidates ran] or
[second candidate in district where 2 candidates ran] was already in the
U.S. House of Representatives before the election?
(IF YES AND 2 MAJOR PARTY CANDIDATES IN DISTRICT:) Which {candidate} was
that?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. CORRECT:  correct incumbency status; correct candidate [districts w/incumbents 
   running with major party opposition]
2. INCORRECT:   incorrect incumbency status; incorrect candidate  [districts 
   w/incumbents running with major party opposition]

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. DK if incumbent; DK which is incumbent; NA if incumbent; NA which is 
   incumbent; no major party candidate running; no Post IW; abbrev. 
   telephone IW (1984); Washington D.C.; short form (1992)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
See VCF0977.
GENERAL NOTE:
If no incumbent was running in R's district and R replied 'yes' (1 or
2 major party candidates), then 2 has been coded.  If an incumbent was
running unopposed in R's district and R answered 'yes,' then 1 has
been coded.
If an incumbent was running with major party opposition in R's district
and R answered 'yes,' then R has been coded according to whether R
correctly identified WHICH candidate was the incumbent.
If R responded that 'both' candidates were incumbents but R did not
live in one of the districts where two 'incumbents' were actually
running (due to redistricting), then R's response has been considered
'incorrect'.  If, however, there actually were two 'incumbents' in R's
congressional district, then an answer of 'both' OR an answer of either
of the two incumbents' names has been considered 'correct'.
2000 DATA:
1 case where respondent's district was NA and 3 cases where respondent
district was misidentified have been coded 9.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1958: V580097
1964: V640312
1966: V660094
1968: V680385
1978: V780180,V780181
1980: V800913
1982: V820172
1984: V840929,V840932
1986: V860213,V860216
1988: V880709,V880712
1990: V900232,V900235
1992: V925436,V925439
1994: V940432,V940435
1996: V961068,V961070
1998: V980299,V980301
2000: V000194,V001353b,V001354
===================================================================================================
VCF0980	

Democratic U.S. House Cand: Respondent Likes - Number of Mentions

QUESTION:
---------
Was there anything in particular that you liked about {NAME}, the
Democratic candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?

VALID CODES:
------------
0. Zero negative mentions (dislikes)
1. One negative mention (dislikes)
2. Two negative  mentions (dislikes)
3. Three negative mentions (dislikes)
4. Four or more negative mentions (dislikes)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
6. 'I don't know anything about this candidate' (Volunteered)
7. DK if liked anything about candidate; liked something about candidate 
   but DK what
8. No Democratic candidate in R's district (includes Washington D.C.)
9. NA if liked anything about candidate; liked something about candidate 
   but NA what; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); 
   district NA (2000); district misidentified (2000)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Four possible mentions were coded in all original study datasets except
1988 and later, which coded 5.
Rs who responded 'no' to 'Is there anything in particular that you
liked about the US House Democratic candidate?' have been coded here
as 0 mentions.  'DK' responses to this question and 'I don't know
anything about this candidate' responses have been maintained as MD
codes, unlike VCF0401-402 and VCF0405-406, because of the very high
numbers of respondents falling into these categories [for consistency,
NA responses to this question have also been retained as MD].  In
addition, if R responded 'yes' to 'Is there anything in particular
that you liked about the US House Democratic candidate' but R provided
no mentions (DK or NA in first mention), then R has been coded in
the corresponding MD category in VCF0980.
In 1996 and later, randomization occurred for the order in which the
Democratic and Republican House candidate names were administered for
the set of 'likes/dislikes' questions.
1984 AND 1992 NOTE:
For 1984 and 1992:  if R was in a district where no Democratic
candidate was running BUT the interview administered was an
abbreviated telephone interview (1984) or a short form interview
(1992), then VCF0980 has been coded 9, not 8.
1998 NOTE:
1 case (0062) that was coded 'yes' in the 1998 study data as response
whether there was anything R liked about the Democratic House candidate
should have been coded 'I don't know anything about this candidate' but
has been correctly categorized in variables VCF0980 and VCF0981.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780160,V780161,V780162,V780163,V780164
1980: V800892,V800893,V800894,V800895,V800896
1982: V820148,V820149,V820150,V820151,V820152
1984: V840908,V840909,V840910,V840911,V840912
1986: V860184,V860185,V860186,V860187,V860188
1988: V880674,V880675,V880676,V880677,V880678,V880679
1990: V900198,V900199,V900200,V900201,V900202,V900203
1992: V925401,V925402,V925403,V925404,V925405,V925406
1994: V940401,V940402,V940403,V940404,V940405,V940406
1996: V961044,V961045,V961046,V961047,V961048,V961049
1998: V980275,V980276,V980277,V980278,V980279,V980280
2000: V001328,V001329,V001330,V001331,V001332,V001333
===================================================================================================
VCF0981	

Democratic U.S. House Cand: Respondent Dislikes - Number of Mentions

QUESTION:
---------
Is/Was there anything in particular that you didn't like about [U.S.
House Democratic candidate]? What is/was that? Anything else?

VALID CODES:
------------
0. Zero negative mentions (dislikes)
1. One negative mention (dislikes)
2. Two negative  mentions (dislikes)
3. Three negative mentions (dislikes)
4. Four or more negative mentions (dislikes)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
6. 'I don't know anything about this candidate' (Volunteered)
7. DK if disliked anything about candidate; disliked something about 
   candidate but DK what
8. No Democratic candidate in R's district (includes Washington D.C.)
9. NA if disliked anything about candidate; disliked something about 
   candidate but NA what; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); short 
   form (1992); District NA (2000); district misidentified (2000)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0980.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780165,V780166,V780167,V780168,V780169
1980: V800897,V800898,V800899,V800900,V800901
1982: V820153,V820154,V820155,V820156,V820157
1984: V840913,V840914,V840915,V840916,V840917
1986: V860189,V860190,V860191,V860192,V860193
1988: V880680,V880681,V880682,V880683,V880684,V880685
1990: V900204,V900205,V900206,V900207,V900208,V900209
1992: V925407,V925408,V925409,V925410,V925411,V925412
1994: V940407,V940408,V940409,V940410,V940411,V940412
1996: V961050,V961051,V961052,V961053,V961054,V961055
1998: V980281,V980282,V980283,V980284,V980285,V980286
2000: V001334,V001335,V001336,V001337,V001338,V001339
===================================================================================================
VCF0982	

Democratic U.S. House Candidate Affect (Likes-Dislikes)

QUESTION:
---------
Affect toward Democratic House candidate

MISSING CODES:
--------------
99. MD (codes 6-9 in VCF0980,VCF0981)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
This is the number of Democratic House candidate 'likes' minus the
number of Democratic House candidate 'dislikes' (VCF0980-VCF0981).

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF0983	

Democratic U.S. House Candidate Salience (Likes-Dislikes)

QUESTION:
---------
Salience of Democratic House candidate

VALID CODES:
------------
0. Zero mentions
.
.
8. Eight or more mentions

MISSING CODES:
--------------
99. MD (codes 6-9 in VCF0980,VCF0981)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
This is the number of Democratic House candidate 'likes' plus the
number of Democratic House candidate 'dislikes' (VCF0980+VCF0981).

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF0984	

Republican U.S. House Cand: Respondent Likes - Number of Mentions

QUESTION:
---------
Is/Was there anything in particular that you liked about [U.S. House
Republican candidate]? What is/was that? Anything else?

VALID CODES:
------------
0. Zero positive mentions (likes)
1. One positive mention (likes)
2. Two positive  mentions (likes)
3. Three positive mentions (likes)
4. Four or more positive mentions (likes)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
6. 'I don't know anything about this candidate' (Volunteered)
7. DK if liked anything about candidate; liked something about candidate 
   but DK what
8. No Republican candidate in R's district (includes Washington D.C.)
9. NA if liked anything about candidate; liked something about candidate 
   but NA what; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); short form 1992); 
   district NA (2000); district misidentified (2000)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Four possible mentions were coded in all original study datasets except
1988 and later, which coded 5.
Rs who responded 'no' to 'Is there anything in particular that you
liked about the US House Republican candidate?' have been coded here
as 0 mentions.  'DK' responses to this question and 'I don't know
anything about this candidate' responses have been maintained as MD
codes, unlike VCF0401-402 and VCF0405-406, because of the very high
numbers of respondents falling into these categories [for consistency,
NA responses to this question have also been retained as MD].  In
addition, if R responded 'yes' to 'Is there anything in particular
that you liked about the US House Republican candidate' but R provided
no mentions (DK or NA in first mention), then R has been coded in
the corresponding MD category in VCF0980.
In 1996 and later, randomization occurred for the order in which the
Democratic and Republican House candidate names were administered for
the set of 'likes/dislikes' questions.
1984 AND 1992 NOTE:
For 1984 and 1992:  if R was in a district where no Republican
candidate was running BUT the interview administered was an
abbreviated telephone interview (1984) or a short form interview
(1992), then VCF0980 has been coded 9, not 8.
1998 NOTE:
1 case (0062) that was coded 'yes' in the 1998 study data as response
whether there was anything R liked about the Republican House candidate
should have been coded 'I don't know anything about this candidate' but
has been correctly categorized in variables VCF0980 and VCF0981.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780170,V780171,V780172,V780173,V780174
1980: V800902,V800903,V800904,V800905,V800906
1982: V820158,V820159,V820160,V820161,V820162
1984: V840918,V840919,V840920,V840921,V840922
1986: V860194,V860195,V860196,V860197,V860198
1988: V880686,V880687,V880688,V880689,V880690,V880691
1990: V900210,V900211,V900212,V900213,V900214,V900215
1992: V925413,V925414,V925415,V925416,V925417,V925418
1994: V940413,V940414,V940415,V940416,V940417,V940418
1996: V961056,V961057,V961058,V961059,V961060,V961061
1998: V980287,V980288,V980289,V980290,V980291,V980292
2000: V001340,V001341,V001342,V001343,V001344,V001345
===================================================================================================
VCF0985	

Republican U.S. House Cand: Respondent Dislikes - Number of Mentions

QUESTION:
---------
Is/Was there anything in particular that you didn't like about [U.S.
House Republican candidate]? What is/was that? Anything else?

VALID CODES:
------------
0. Zero negative mentions (dislikes)
1. One negative mention (dislikes)
2. Two negative  mentions (dislikes)
3. Three negative mentions (dislikes)
4. Four or more negative mentions (dislikes)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
6. 'I don't know anything about this candidate' (Volunteered)
7. DK if disliked anything about candidate; disliked something about 
   candidate but DK what
8. No Republican candidate in R's district (includes Washington D.C.)
9. NA if disliked anything about candidate; disliked something about 
   candidate but NA what; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); 
   short form (1992); district NA (2000); district misidentified (2000)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0984.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780175,V780176,V780177,V780178,V780179
1980: V800907,V800908,V800909,V800910,V800911
1982: V820163,V820164,V820165,V820166,V820167
1984: V840923,V840924,V840925,V840926,V840927
1986: V860199,V860200,V860201,V860202,V860203
1988: V880692,V880693,V880694,V880695,V880696,V880697
1990: V900216,V900217,V900218,V900219,V900220,V900221
1992: V925419,V925420,V925421,V925422,V925423,V925424
1994: V940419,V940420,V940421,V940422,V940423,V940424
1996: V961062,V961063,V961064,V961065,V961066,V961067
1998: V980293,V980294,V980295,V980296,V980297,V980298
2000: V001346,V001347,V001348,V001349,V001350,V001351
===================================================================================================
VCF0986	

Republican U.S. House Cand: Affect (Likes-Dislikes)

QUESTION:
---------
Affect toward Republican House candidate

MISSING CODES:
--------------
99. MD (codes 6-9 in VCF0984,VCF0985)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
This is the number of Republican House candidate 'likes' minus the
number of Republican House candidate 'dislikes' (VCF0984 and VCF0985).

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF0987	

Republican U.S. House Cand: Salience (Likes-Dislikes)

QUESTION:
---------
Salience of Republican House candidate

VALID CODES:
------------
0. Zero mentions
.
.
8. Eight or more mentions

MISSING CODES:
--------------
99. MD (codes 6-9 in VCF0984,VCF0985)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
This is the number of Republican House candidate 'likes' plus the
number of Republican House candidate 'dislikes' (VCF0984+VCF0985).

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF0988	

Republican U.S. House Candidate Affect (Likes-Dislikes)

QUESTION:
---------
Net affect toward major party House candidates

MISSING CODES:
--------------
999. MD (codes 6-9 in any of: VCF0980,VCF0981,VCF0984,VCF0985)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
The net affect toward major party House candidates is the difference
between two sums:  the sum of Democratic House candidate 'likes' and
Republican House candidate 'dislikes' MINUS the sum of Democratic
House candidate 'dislikes' and Republican House candidate 'likes:'
[VCF0980+VCF0985] - [VCF0981+VCF0984],  which is the same as:
VCF0982-VCF0986.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF0989	

U.S. House Candidate Salience (Likes-Dislikes)

QUESTION:
---------
Major party House candidate salience

VALID CODES:
------------
0. Zero mentions
.
.
16. Sixteen or more mentions

MISSING CODES:
--------------
99. MD (codes 6-9 in any of: VCF0980,VCF0981,VCF0984,VCF0985)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Major party House candidate salience is the sum of all 'likes' and
'dislikes' about both the Democratic and Republican House candidates:
[VCF0980+VCF0981] + [VCF0984+VCF0985],  which is the same as:
VCF0983+VCF0987.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF0990	

U.S. House Candidate Relative Salience (Likes-Dislikes)

QUESTION:
---------
Relative salience of major party House candidates

MISSING CODES:
--------------
999. MD (codes 6-9 in any of: VCF0980,VCF0981,VCF0984,VCF0985)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Relative salience of major party House candidates is the sum of
'likes' and 'dislikes' about the Democratic House candidate MINUS the
sum of 'likes' and 'dislikes' about the Republican House candidate:
[VCF0980+VCF0981] - [VCF0984+VCF0985], which is the same as:
VCF0983-VCF0987.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF0991	

Approve/Disapprove of Running U.S. House Incumbent

QUESTION:
---------
In general, do you approve or disapprove of the way [1980-2004: 
running U.S.House incumbent Representative; 2012: U.S. House
incumbent Representative] has been handling his/her job?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Approve
5. Disapprove
8. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); short form (1992)
0. No running incumbent (includes Washington D.C.)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
1984 NOTE:
If R is in a district where no incumbent was running or where the
incumbent was unopposed (or opposed by a non-major party challenger)
BUT the interview administered was a telephone IW, then VCF0991 has
been coded 9, not 0.
2012-later NOTE:
Approval of House incumbent was asked about the U.S. House Representative 
who was in office and representing the location of respondent household 
prior to the elections, regardless whether that Representative ran in the 
House elections held during the year of study or whether redistricting had
taken place.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800972
1982: V820212,V820249,V820266
1984: V840967
1986: V860353
1988: V880789
1990: V900058,V900404
1992: V925710
1994: V940637
1996: V961123
1998: V980326
2000: V001358
2004: V045091,V045092
2012: hseinc_approval
2016: V162114
===================================================================================================
VCF0992	

Approve/Disapprove of U.S. Congress

QUESTION:
---------
Do you approve or disapprove of the way the U.S. Congress has been
handling its job?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Approve
5. Disapprove
8. DK; pro-con; both

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800783
1982: V820063
1984: V840843
1986: V860100
1988: V880880
1990: V900164
1992: V925949
1994: V940320
1996: V960270
1998: V980236
2000: V000356
2002: V023008
2004: V043036
2012: congapp_job
2016: V161080
===================================================================================================
VCF0993	

Incumbent U.S. House Cand: Respondent Likes - Number of Mentions

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you liked about [U.S. House
incumbent candidate]  What is that?  Anything else?

VALID CODES:
------------
0. Zero positive mentions (likes)
1. One positive mention (likes)
2. Two positive mentions (likes)
3. Three positive mentions (likes)
4. Four or more positive mentions (likes)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
6. 'I don't know anything about this candidate' (Volunteered)
7. DK if liked anything about candidate; liked something about candidate 
   but DK what
8. No running incumbent candidate in R's district (includes Washington 
   D.C.)
9. NA if liked anything about candidate; liked something about candidate 
   but NA what; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); 
   district NA (2000); district misidentified (2000)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Built from VCF0980,VCF0984.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF0994	

Incumbent U.S. House Cand: Respondent Dislikes - Number of Mentions

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you didn't like about [U.S. House
incumbent candidate]  What is that?  Anything else?

VALID CODES:
------------
0. Zero negative mentions (dislikes)
1. One negative mention (dislikes)
2. Two negative mentions (dislikes)
3. Three negative mentions (dislikes)
4. Four or more negative mentions (dislikes)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
6. 'I don't know anything about this candidate' (Volunteered)
7. DK if disliked anything about candidate; disliked something about 
   candidate but DK what
8. No running incumbent candidate in R's district (includes Washington 
   D.C.)
9. NA if disliked anything about candidate; disliked something about 
   candidate but NA what; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); short 
   form (1992); district NA (2000); district misidentified (2000)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Built from VCF0981,VCF0985.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF0995	

Incumbent U.S. House Cand: Affect (Likes-Dislikes)

QUESTION:
---------
Affect toward incumbent House candidates

MISSING CODES:
--------------
99. MD (codes 6-9 in VCF0993,VCF0994)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
This is the number of incumbent House candidate 'likes' minus the
number of incumbent House candidate 'dislikes' (VCF0993-VCF0994).

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF0996	

Incumbent U.S. House Cand: Salience (Likes-Dislikes)

QUESTION:
---------
Salience of incumbent House candidates

VALID CODES:
------------
0. Zero mentions
.
.
8. Eight or more mentions

MISSING CODES:
--------------
99. MD (codes 6-9 in VCF0993,VCF0994)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
This is the number of incumbent House candidate 'likes' plus the
number of incumbent House candidate 'dislikes' (VCF0993+VCF0994).

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF0997	

Challenger to Incum U.S. House Cand: Respondent Likes - Number of Mentions

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you liked about [challenger to
U.S. House incumbent candidate]  What is that? Anything else?

VALID CODES:
------------
0. Zero positive mentions (likes)
1. One positive mention (likes)
2. Two positive mentions (likes)
3. Three positive mentions (likes)
4. Four or more positive mentions (likes)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
6. 'I don't know anything about this candidate' (Volunteered)
7. DK if liked anything about candidate; liked something about candidate 
   but DK what
8. No running incumbent candidate in R's district (includes Washington D.C.) 
   or incumbent not challenged
9. NA if liked anything about candidate; liked something about candidate 
   but NA what; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); 
   District NA (2000); district misidentified (2000)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Built from VCF0980,VCF0984.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF0998	

Challenger to Incum U.S. House Cand: Respondent Dislikes - Number of Mentions

QUESTION:
---------
Is there anything in particular that you didn't like about [challenger
to U.S. House incumbent candidate]  What is that? Anything else?

VALID CODES:
------------
0. Zero negative mentions (dislikes)
1. One negative mention (dislikes)
2. Two negative mentions (dislikes)
3. Three negative mentions (dislikes)
4. Four or more negative mentions (dislikes)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
6. 'I don't know anything about this candidate' (VOLUNTEERED)
7. DK if disliked anything about candidate; disliked something about 
   candidate but DK what
8. No running incumbent candidate in R's district (includes Washington D.C.) 
   or incumbent not challenged
9. NA if disliked anything about candidate; disliked something about 
   candidate but NA what; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); short 
   form (1992); district NA (2000); district misidentified (2000)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Built from VCF0981,VCF0985.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF0999	

Challenger to Incumbent U.S. House Cand: Affect (Likes-Dislikes)

QUESTION:
---------
Affect toward challenger to incumbent House candidates

MISSING CODES:
--------------
99. MD (codes 6-9 in VCF0997,VCF0998)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
This is the number of House challenger candidate 'likes' minus the
number of House challenger candidate 'dislikes' (VCF0997-VCF0998).

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF1000	

Challenger to Incumbent U.S. House Cand: Salience (Likes-Dislikes)

QUESTION:
---------
Salience of challenger to incumbent House candidates

VALID CODES:
------------
0. Zero mentions
.
.
8. Eight or more mentions

MISSING CODES:
--------------
99. MD (codes 6-9 in VCF0997,VCF0998)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
This is the number of House challenger candidate 'likes' plus the
number of House challenger candidate 'dislikes' (VCF0997+VCF0998).

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF1001	

U.S. House Candidate Affect (Likes-Dislikes)

QUESTION:
---------
Net affect toward incumbent and challenger House candidates

MISSING CODES:
--------------
999. MD (codes 6-9 in any of: VCF0993,VCF0994,VCF0997,VCF0998)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
The net affect toward incumbent and challenger House candidates is the
difference between two sums:  the sum of incumbent House candidate
'likes' and challenger House candidate 'dislikes' MINUS the sum of
incumbent House candidate 'dislikes' and challenger House candidate
'likes:'  [VCF0993+VCF0998] - [VCF0994+VCF0997],  which is the same as:
VCF0995-VCF0999.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF1002	

U.S. House Candidate Salience (Likes-Dislikes)

QUESTION:
---------
Incumbent and challenger House candidate salience

VALID CODES:
------------
0. Zero mentions
.
.
16. Sixteen or more mentions

MISSING CODES:
--------------
99. MD (codes 6-9 in any of: VCF0993,VCF0994,VCF0997,VCF0998)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Incumbent and challenger House candidate salience is the sum of all
'likes' and 'dislikes' about both the incumbent and challenger House
candidates:  [VCF0993+VCF0994] + [VCF0997+VCF0998], which is the
same as: VCF0996+VCF1000.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF1003	

U.S. House Candidate Relative Salience (Likes-Dislikes)

QUESTION:
---------
Relative salience of Incumbent and challenger House candidates

MISSING CODES:
--------------
999. MD(codes 6-9 in any of: VCF0993,VCF0994,VCF0997,VCF0998)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Relative salience of incumbent and challenger House candidates is the
sum of 'likes' and 'dislikes' about the incumbent House candidate
MINUS the sum of 'likes' and 'dislikes' about the challenger House
candidate: [VCF0993+VCF0994] - [VCF0997+VCF0998], which is the same
as:  VCF0996-VCF1000.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF1004	

Party of Respondent/Party of U.S. House Incumbent from district of IW

QUESTION:
---------
PartyID of respondent and House incumbent

VALID CODES:
------------
1. R is:Democrat;   INCUMBENT:Democrat
2. R is:Republican; INCUMBENT:Republican
3. R is:Democrat;   INCUMBENT:Republican
4. R is:Republican; INCUMBENT:Democrat

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. R does not have major party partisanship or NA if has major party 
   partisanship; no incumbent running; Washington D.C.; California (1974 
   only: due to redistricting type of race could not be determined); 
   incumbent is not member of major party (1994,2000);
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
This variable has been created from R's party ID (VCF0301) and
from type of congressional race (VCF0902).  The respondent has
been considered a partisan if R was coded as 'strong' 'weak' or leaning.
WARNING:
In years prior to 1978, no 'type of race' var was present in study
datasets.  Data were added, however, to 'type of race' cumulative file
var 902 for 1970, 1974 and 1976 using a lengthy case-by-case
procedure.  Although the resultant 'type of race' data have been
checked to some extent, the possibility of some error must be
recognized:  the 'type of race' established for 1970, 1974 and 1976--
and, as a further result, data in VCF1004 and VCF1005 for 1970, 1974
and 1976 (which have been built using type-of-race data)-- should be
used with caution and at the user's risk.
2016 NOTE:
Built from VCF0902 and CF0301.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1970: V700184(type 0)
1974: V742204
1976: V763174
1978: V780004,V780433
1980: V800266,V800740
1982: V820006,V820291
1984: V840059,V840318
1986: V860043,V860300
1988: V880050,V880274
1990: V900058,V900320
1992: V923021,V923634
1994: V940017,V940655
1996: V960420,V960097
1998: V980339,V980065
2000: V000194,V000523
2002: V023036,V024500a
2004: V043116,V044502
2012: pid_self,pid_x,typerace2012_x
===================================================================================================
VCF1005	

Party of Voter Respondent/ Party of U.S. House Incumbent

QUESTION:
---------
Voter from same major party as House incumbent?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. R Voted:  R is partisan of same party as incumbent
2. R Voted:  R is partisan of same major party as challenger OR 
             (unopposed races) R is partisan of major party different from 
             incumbent's party
3. R is major party partisan but R did not vote, DK/NA if voted, or 
   R voted but not (or DK/NA if) in House race

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. R does not have major party partisanship or NA if has major party 
   partisanship; no incumbent running; Washington D.C.; no Post IW; 
   California (1974 only, due to redistricting type of race could not be 
   determined); incumbent is not member of major party; district NA (2000); 
   district misidentified (2000)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
See VCF1004
GENERAL NOTE:
If R has no major party partisanship AND did not vote, then s/he
appears in code 9, not code 3.
2016 NOTE:
Built using VCF1004 in addition to 2016 vars.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1970: V700184,V700213
1974: V742204,V742320
1976: V763174,V763671
1978: V780004,V780433,V780473
1980: V800266,V800740,V800997
1982: V820006,V820291,V820505
1984: V840059,V840318,V840791
1986: V860043,V860265,V860300
1988: V880050,V880274,V880766
1990: V900058,V900279,V900320
1992: V923021,V923634,V925601
1994: V940017,V940655,V940601
1996: V960420,V960097,V961074,V961087
1998: V980339,V980065,V980303,V980311
2000: V000194,V000523
2002: V023038x,V025020,V025028a
2004: V043116,V044502,V045018x,V045031x
2012: hsevote2012_x,pid_self,pid_x,typerace2012_x
2016: V162039,V161036
===================================================================================================
VCF1006	

Candidate Code of Correctly Recalled U.S. House Candidate from IW district

QUESTION:
---------
Do you happen to remember the names of the candidates for Congress--
that is, for the House of Representatives in Washington--who ran in
this district this November [1996-LATER: the November election from
this district]?
(IF YES:)  Who were they?
1996-LATER: What was [House candidate's] party?
FIRST HOUSE CANDIDATE RECALL-- CANDIDATE CODE

VALID CODES:
------------
31. Democratic candidate in race without running incumbent
32. Republican candidate in race without running incumbent
33. Democratic incumbent
34. Republican incumbent
35. Democratic challenger to Republican incumbent
36. Republican challenger to Democratic incumbent
39. Incumbent Independent/liberal/conservative/minor party candidate
80. Nonincumbent Independent/liberal/conservative/minor party candidate [not used 
    after 1988: combined into code 97]

MISSING CODES:
--------------
97. Name given not on candidate list for House
99. R says s/he remembers names but when asked for name replies DK or NA; 
    R says s/he does not remember any (or DK/NA if remembers any) names; 
    Washington D.C.; California (1974 only, due to redistricting type of 
    race could not be determined); no Post IW; short form (1992)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
In the original ANES datasets 1978 and later, the recall variables
which appeared had codes comparable to the codes appearing VCF1006-
VCF1008.  Prior to 1978, however, recall vars in ANES datasets were
coded quite differently, and translating pre-1978 recall data into
VCF1006-1008 data involves lengthy case-by-case consultation to
reference sources for type of race in R's congressional district.
Among pre-1978 studies, recall data have been incorporated for 1970 and
1974 only.  NO attempt has been made to include recall data from ANES
studies prior to 1970.
1970 AND 1974 NOTE:
every House candidate was assigned a unique candidate number.  Correct
names of candidates given by R in response to the recall question were
coded within 1970 Study data by that individual candidate  number.
Indications are that, if the name mentioned by the respondent was not
on a complete list of candidates and candidate numbers which existed
for R's STATE, then the response was simply coded as 'incorrect.'
However, it is not apparent that any attempt was made to ascertain
whether a name 'correctly' given was actually a correct name from the
congressional race in R's own district:  if R correctly named a
candidate from another-- or wrong-- district within the state, the
response was still included among 'correct' responses.  For VCF1006-
VCF1008, individual candidate numbers within the original 1970 recall
var have been examined on a case-by-case basis to determine if the
candidate number given by R corresponded to a name from the race in R's
own congressional district.  If so, the response has been included as a
recall.  If not, the response has been coded as no recall (99 MD).
This same procedure was followed for including 1974 data, although the
1974 study's method for handling individual candidate codes of names
outside R's district of residence was not specifically described in any
1974 study documentation.  Additional NOTE for 1970 and 1974:   to
create the specific candidate-type codes which appear in CDF VCF1006-
VCF1008, each correctly recalled name (once determined appropriate to
R's congressional district) was checked individually according to type
of race to determine the named candidate's exact status (e.g.,
Republican incumbent, etc.).
WARNING NOTE:
The procedures used in the creation of VCF1006-1008 for 1970 and 1974
produced data that have been checked somewhat, but perfect accuracy
cannot be completely guaranteed due to the nature of attempting case-by-
case correction. Data in VCF1006-1008 for 1970 and 1974 should be used
with caution and at the user's risk.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1970: V700203(type 0)
1974: V742215
1978: V780116
1980: V800824
1982: V820100
1984: V840738
1986: V860104
1988: V880566
1990: V900108
1992: V925110
1994: V940211
1996: V961007
1998: V980224
2000: V001207
===================================================================================================
VCF1007	

Candidate Code of Correctly Recalled U.S. House Candidate from IW district

QUESTION:
---------
Second candidate recall

VALID CODES:
------------
31. Democratic candidate in race without running incumbent
32. Republican candidate in race without running incumbent
33. Democratic incumbent
34. Republican incumbent
35. Democratic challenger to Republican incumbent
36. Republican challenger to Democratic incumbent
39. Incumbent Independent/liberal/conservative/minor party candidate
80. Nonincumbent Independent/liberal/conservative/minor party candidate 
      [not used after 1988: combined into code 97]

MISSING CODES:
--------------
97. Name given not on candidate list for House
99. R says s/he remembers names but when asked for name replies DK or NA; 
    R says s/he does not remember any (or DK/NA if remembers any) names; 
    Washington D.C.; California (1974 only, due to redistricting type of 
    race could not be determined); no further mention; no Post IW; short 
    form (1992)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF1006.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1970: V700203(type 0)
1974: V742216
1978: V780119
1980: V800827
1982: V820104
1984: V840742
1986: V860108
1988: V880570
1990: V900112
1992: V925114
1994: V940215
1996: V961011
1998: V980228
2000: V001211
===================================================================================================
VCF1008	

Candidate Code of Correctly Recalled U.S. House Candidate from IW district

QUESTION:
---------
Third candidate recall

VALID CODES:
------------
31. Democratic candidate in race without running incumbent
32. Republican candidate in race without running incumbent
33. Democratic incumbent
34. Republican incumbent
35. Democratic challenger to Republican incumbent
36. Republican challenger to Democratic incumbent
39. Incumbent Independent/liberal/conservative/minor party candidate
80. Nonincumbent Independent/liberal/conservative/minor party candidate 
     [not used after 1988: combined into code 97]

MISSING CODES:
--------------
97. Name given not on candidate list for House
99. R says s/he remembers names but when asked for name replies DK or NA; 
    R says s/he does not remember any (or DK/NA if remembers any) names; 
    Washington D.C.; California (1974 only, due to redistricting type of 
    race could not be determined); no further mention; no Post IW; short 
    form (1992)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF1006.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1970: V700203(type 0)
1974: V742217
1978: V780122
1980: V800830
1982: V820108
1984: V840746
1986: V860112
1988: V880574
1990: V900116
1992: V925118
1994: V940219
1996: V961015
1998: V980232
2000: V001215
===================================================================================================
VCF1009	

Party of Recalled U.S. House Candidate Name(s) from district of IW

QUESTION:
---------
Recall summary:  major party candidate recalls

VALID CODES:
------------
1. 1 Recall:  Democratic candidate
2. 1 Recall:  Republican candidate
3. 2 Recalls: both major party candidates (in races contested by both major 
              parties)
4. 0 Recalls: no major party candidate recall

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. Washington D.C.; no Post IW; short form (1992); NA if R recalls any 
   candidate names
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Built from VCF1006-VCF1008.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
2000: V001207,V001211,V001215
===================================================================================================
VCF1010	

Is Recalled U.S. House Cand Name From Own Party

QUESTION:
---------
Recall summary:  does R recall own/other major party candidate?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. 1 Recall:  Own major party's candidate
2. 1 Recall:  Other major party's candidate
3. 2 Recalls: both major party candidates (in races contested by both major 
              parties)
4. 0 Recall: no major party candidate recall

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. Washington D.C.; no Post IW; short form (1992); NA if R recalls any 
   candidate names; R has no major party partisanship or NA if has major 
   party partisanship
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Built from VCF0301 and VCF1009.
This variable has been created from R's party ID (VCF0301) and from
House recall summary VCF1009.  The respondent has been considered a
partisan if R was 'strong', 'weak' or 'leaning'.
If R has no major party candidate recall AND has no major party
partisanship, then R is coded 9, not 4.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF1011	

Respondent Vote for U.S. House Candidate From Own Party in district of IW

QUESTION:
---------
1968,1970: 
How about the vote for Congressman.  Did you vote for a candidate for
Congress?  (IF YES:)  Who did you vote for?  Which party was that?
1972:
How about the election for Congressman--that is, for the House of
Representatives in Washington?  Which party's candidate did you vote for
Congressman?
1974,1976:
How about the election for Congressman--that is, for the House of
Representatives in Washington?  Did you vote for a candidate for
Congress?  Whom did you vote for?  Which party was that?
1978 AND LATER:
Here is a list of candidates for the major races in this district.  How
about the election for the House of Representatives in Washington.  Did
you vote for a candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?  Who did
you vote for?  (BALLOT CARD SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. R's Vote: for major party candidate from party same as R's partisanship
2. R's Vote:  for major party candidate from party different than R's partisanship

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. R did not vote or DK/NA if voted; R voted but not (or DK/NA if) in 
   House race; DK/NA who voted for; R has no major party partisanship; R 
   voted for candidate whose name was not on candidate list (1978-1988) 
   or for third party candidate(all years); no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
The respondent has been considered a partisan if R was 'strong', 'weak'
or 'leaning'.
In 1978 and later, R selected name from ballot card.  When R gave a
name not on the candidate list, MD was coded, and party of vote was
undetermined.
In 1970-1976, every House candidate was assigned a unique candidate
number.  Rs who reported their House vote were coded into two
variables, the first of which recorded the candidate number of the
named candidate, if the name was correctly given.  If the name
mentioned by the respondent was not on the complete list of candidates
and candidate numbers, then the response was simply coded as
'incorrect.'  The respondent was then asked for the party of the
candidate which s/he named.  VCF1011-1013 WERE BUILT FOR 1970-1976
USING THE SECOND, OR 'PARTY OF VOTE,' VARIABLE (even in cases where the
party given by R was not appropriate for a correctly rendered candidate
name).  [ NOTE:  if name given in 1970-1976 was 'incorrect' or DK/NA,
'party of vote' variable was still used unless missing data:  if 'party
of vote' was missing data and name was 'incorrect' or DK/NA, vote in
VCF1011-1013 has been coded 9.] Note that VCF0707, VCF0736 vote vars
were also created from this 'party of vote' variable for 1970-1976, but
the vote data present in VCF1011-1013 differ slightly from that in
VCF0707 and VCF0736 in 1970-1976 for the following cases:  if R
correctly gave the name of a candidate who was on the complete list of
candidates and candidate numbers BUT did not provide any party
designation (DK or NA) in the followup 'party of vote' var, then the
party of the candidate correctly named in the first recall (name) var
was ascertained and incorporated into VCF1011-1013.  This procedure was
not undertaken for 1970-1976 in vars VCF0707 and VCF0736, which retain
these cases as missing data.
Note that, because no ballot card was used, for 1968-1976 the party
for which R claimed to have voted in the House election is represented
in VCF1011-1013 even for so-called 'impossible' cases:  e.g., when R
declares R voted for a Democrat when R lives in a Congressional
district in which only a Republican incumbent ran in the House
election: in such a case, VCF1011-1013 are coded as if R did indeed
vote for a Democrat.
1968 NOTE:
R's response to the House vote question was coded into a single summary
variable which provided categories to establish whether R provided a
correct or incorrect Democratic House candidate name, a correct or
incorrect Republican House candidate name, a party mention only, or a
minor party/write-in/unidentifiable candidate name.  This 1968 variable
was accompanied by the following NOTE:  'When R's mention of candidate
name and party were inconsistent, the response was coded as if party
were the dominant element.  Example:  R mentioned 'Burke, a Democrat'
but Burke was a Republican.  Response was coded 'incorrect Republican
candidate.'' For VCF1011-1013, party of R's 1968 House vote was taken
from this variable.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1968: V680120,V680323
1970: V700184,V700215
1972: V720140,V720485
1974: V742204,V742322
1976: V763174,V763673
1978: V780433,V780474
1980: V800266,V800998
1982: V820291,V820506
1984: V840318,V840792
1986: V860267,V860300
1988: V880274,V880768
1990: V900289,V900320
1992: V923634,V925623
1994: V940655,V940614
1996: V961089
1998: V980313
2000: V000523,V001263
2002: V023038x,V025020,V025028a
2004: V043116,V045018x,V045031x,V045033x
2012: hsevote2012_x,pid_self,pid_x
2016: V161158x
===================================================================================================
VCF1012	

Respondent Vote for Incumbent U.S. House Candidate in district of IW

QUESTION:
---------
Did R vote for incumbent?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. R's Vote: for incumbent candidate in race involving running incumbent
2. R's Vote: for candidate other than incumbent in race involving running 
             incumbent (1970-1988:  incl. 3rd party/ind. candidates)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. R did not vote or DK/NA if voted; R voted but not (or DK/NA if) in 
   House race; DK/NA who voted for; no incumbent running in congressional 
   district; R voted for name not on candidate list (1978-1990); R voted 
   for third party/ independent candidate who is not an incumbent (1990 and 
   later); R voted out of district, NA if incumbent (91,92 in VCF0735); 
   Washington D.C.; no Post IW; California (1974 only, due to redistricting 
   type of race could not be determined)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
See VCF1011.
GENERAL NOTE:
Beginning in 1990 Study data,  third party and independent candidates
were combined with unknown names coded in 'name not on candidate list'
(code 97) whenever the non-major party candidate was not on the
Candidate List; only independent or 3rd party candidates who were on
the Candidate List were given a separate code (code 30).
In 1970-1988, independent or 3rd party candidates could be coded
distinct from 'name not on candidate list' even if their name was
NOT on the Candidate List.  For 1970-1988, if R voted for a third
party or independent candidate who was not the incumbent, then
VCF1012 has been coded 2 even if the candidate's name was not on the
Candidate List.
WARNING NOTE:
In years prior to 1978, no 'type of race' var was present in Study
data.  Data were added, however, to 'type of race' VCF0902 for 1970,
1974 and 1976 using a lengthy case-by-case procedure.  Although the
resultant 'type of race' data have been checked to some extent, the
possibility of some error must be recognized:  the 'type of race'
established for 1970, 1974 and 1976-- and, as a further result, data in
VCF1012 for 1970, 1974 and 1976-- should be used with caution and at
the user's risk.
1974 NOTE:
California data for VCF1012 is not recoverable because 'type of  race'
in California districts for the 1974 election can not be determined.
1992 NOTE:
1 case [2063] which was erroneously coded to candidate code 34 for
House  vote but which should have been code 32 is coded 9 here.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1970: V700215(type 0)
1974: V742322
1976: V763673
1978: V780474
1980: V800998
1982: V820507
1984: V840792
1986: V860266
1988: V880767
1990: V900058,V900288
1992: V925622
1994: V940613
1996: V961088
1998: V980312
2000: V001262
2002: V025028a
2004: V045018x,V045031x,V045033x
2012: hsevote2012_x,typerace2012_hse,prevote_hsvtnobc, postvote_hsvtnobc
2016: V162067x,V161015a,V161016,V162026b,V162027
===================================================================================================
VCF1013	

Respondent Vote for Winning U.S. House Candidate in district of IW

QUESTION:
---------
Did R vote for winner?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. R's Vote: for winner
2. R's Vote: for candidate other than the winner (incl. names not on candidate 
             list)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. R did not vote or DK/NA if voted; R voted but not (or DK/NA if) in 
   House race; DK/NA who voted for; Washington D.C.; no Post IW; R voted
   outside his/her district of interview (1978-later only, not determinable 
   prior to 1978)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Built using VCF1014 (except 1974).
See NOTEs VCF1011 describing process which establishes who R voted
for. NOTE the following exception for 1974 California cases:  Rs who
gave the party of their vote BUT who gave an 'incorrect' [or DK/NA]
name could not be traced to their congressional district number which
was in effect after the 1974 redistricting in CA, so that party of
winning candidate was unknown:  all such cases have been coded 2 here
[25 cases].
1974 NOTE:
The winners in the 1974 California House congressional races which were
mistakenly overlooked in the 1974 Study release have been restored
here.  ( NOTE, however, that 1974 California data for VCF1014 'Who Won'
is not recoverable.)
WARNING NOTE:
The procedures used in the creation of the VCF1014 'winner'
var produced data that have been checked somewhat, but perfect
accuracy cannot be completely guaranteed due to the nature of
attempting coding from reference material.  The possibility of some
error must be recognized and the 'winner' established in VCF1014
--and, as a further result, data in VCF1013 (which has been built
using 'winner' data) -- should be used with caution and at the user's
risk.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1970: V700215(type 0)
1974: V742321,V742322
1976: V763673
1978: V780474
1980: V800998
1982: V820507
1984: V840793
1986: V860267
1988: V880768
1990: V900288
1992: V925622
1994: V940613
1996: V961088
1998: V980312
2000: V001262
2002: V024524,V025028a
2004: V044502,V044514b,V045018x,V045031x,V045033x
2012: hsevote2012_x
2016: V161010e,V161010f,V162067x,V161037,V162040,V161015a,V161016,V162026b,V162027
===================================================================================================
VCF1014	

Winning U.S. House Candidate in district of IW

QUESTION:
---------
Who won House race?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. WINNER:  incumbent, Democrat
2. WINNER:  incumbent, Republican
3. WINNER:  challenger, Republican (loser: Democratic incumbent)
4. WINNER:  challenger, Democrat (loser: Republican incumbent)
5. WINNER:  open-seat candidate, Democrat (race contested)
6. WINNER:  open-seat candidate, Republican (race contested)
7. WINNER:  uncontested open-seat candidate, Democrat
8. WINNER:  uncontested open-seat candidate, Republican

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. Washington D.C.; California (1974 only, due to redistricting, type of
   race could not be determined); winner not from major party (2000); 
   respondent district NA (2000); district misidentified (2000)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
1970 NOTE:
Warning: The procedures used in the creation of the VCF1014 'winner' 
for 1970 and 1974 produced data that have been checked somewhat, but  
perfect accuracy cannot be completely guaranteed due to the nature of
attempting case- by-case  coding from reference material.  The
possibility of some error must be  recognized and the 'winner'
established in VCF1014 should be used with caution and at the user's
risk.
1974 NOTE:
See 1970 warning.
California data in 1974 for VCF1014 'Who Won' is not recoverable
because 'type of race' in California districts for the 1974 election
cannot be determined.
2016 NOTE:
For LA04, late identification of final candidates resulted in having
type of race not determined. LA04 cases are coded 9.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF1015	

Number of Days Pre-Election IW Conducted Before Election

QUESTION:
---------
Number of days from Pre-election IW until day of election

VALID CODES:
------------
Exact number of days is coded, except:

MISSING CODES:
--------------
99. NA; no Pre IW; abbrev. Pre IW (1980, see VCF0015)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
See also VCF1016.
GENERAL NOTE:
studies are not designed to produce representative samples with respect
time period.
1992 NOTE:
Two cases of interviews mistakenly coded 11/2/1992 in Study data should
have been coded 11/3/1992 [election day but prior to voting]; the
correct date has been used in the calculation here.
2004 NOTE:
When the beginning and ending date of pre interview are different, the
ending date of pre interview (042010b) was used.
2012 NOTE:
One ftf case interviewed on election day Nov 6, 2012; several web cases
began interview prior to election day, finished on election day.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520010
1956: V560009
1960: V600012
1964: V640014
1968: V680022
1972: V720022
1976: V763023
1980: V800025
1984: V840032
1988: V880043,V880044
1992: V923026,V923027
1996: V960013
2000: V000009
2002: V022012
2004: V042010a,V042010
2012: admin_pre_ftf_iwdatefin admin_pre_web2_iwdatefin
2016: V164004
===================================================================================================
VCF1016	

Number of Days Post-Election IW Conducted After Election

QUESTION:
---------
Number of days from day of election until day of Post-election IW

VALID CODES:
------------
Exact number of days is coded, except:

MISSING CODES:
--------------
99. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Studies are not designed to produce representative samples with respect
time period.
Election days are as follows:
2008 Nov 4     2012 Nov 6
2004 Nov 2     2002 Nov 5     2000 Nov 7
1998 Nov 3     1996 Nov 5     1994 Nov 7
1992 Nov 3     1990 Nov 6     1988 Nov 8
1986 Nov 4     1984 Nov 6     1982 Nov 2
1980 Nov 4     1978 Nov 7     1976 Nov 2
1974 Nov 5     1972 Nov 7     1970 Nov 3
1968 Nov 5     1966 Nov 8     1964 Nov 3
1962 Nov 6     1960 Nov 8     1958 Nov 4
1956 Nov 6

2004 NOTE:
When the beginning and ending date of post interview are different, the
ending date of post interview (044010b) was used.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1956: V560193
1958: V580011
1960: V600271
1964: V640275
1966: V660017
1968: V680272
1970: V700036(type 0)
1972: V720440
1974: VV74202
1976: V763525
1978: V780030
1980: V800033
1982: V820039
1984: V840050
1986: V860009
1988: V880063,V880064
1990: V900052,V900053
1992: V925005,V925006
1994: V940036
1996: V960904
1998: V980005
2000: V000131
2002: V024012
2004: V044010a,V044010
2012: admin_post_ftf_iwdatebeg admin_post_web1_iwdatebeg
2016: V165004
===================================================================================================
VCF1017	

Thermometer Average - U.S. House Candidates

QUESTION:
---------
Thermometers -- both major party Congressional candidates

VALID CODES:
------------
0-100 Degrees.

MISSING CODES:
--------------
998. DK in VCF0906 or VCF0907
999. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Built from VCF0906 and VCF0907 as: (VCF0906+VCF0907)/2.
Fractional results are rounded to the next highest integer.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF1018	

Thermometer Index - U.S. House Candidats

QUESTION:
---------
Major party Congressional candidate thermometer index

VALID CODES:
------------
0. Most Republican
.
50. Neutral
.
100. Most Democratic

MISSING CODES:
--------------
998. DK in VCF0906 or VCF0907
999. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Built from VCF0906 and VCF0907 as: (VCF0906-VCF0907 +100)/2.
Fractional results are rounded to the next highest integer.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF1020	

Likes anything about Democratic U.S. House Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Was there anything in particular that you liked about {NAME}, the
Democratic candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA;  no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district
   NA (2000); district misidentified (2000)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0980.
Code 5 includes cases where R says he/she did not know anything about
the candidate.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780160
1980: V800892
1982: V820148
1984: V840908
1986: V860184
1988: V880674
1990: V900198
1992: V925401
1994: V940401
1996: V961044
1998: V980275
2000: V001328
===================================================================================================
VCF1021a	

1972-2004 Mention 1: Like About Democratic U.S. House Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Was there anything in particular that you liked about {NAME}, the
Democratic candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8888. DK (mention 1 only)
8889. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1020; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); 
      short form (1992); district NA (2000); district misidentified (2000); 
      question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780161
1980: V800893
1982: V820149
1984: V840909
1986: V860185
1988: V880675
1990: V900199
1992: V925402
1994: V940402
1996: V961045
1998: V980276
2000: V001329
===================================================================================================
VCF1021b	

1972-2004 Mention 1: Like About Democratic U.S. House Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Was there anything in particular that you liked about {NAME}, the
Democratic candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
88. DK (mention 1 only)
89. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1020; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); 
      short form (1992); district NA (2000); district misidentified (2000); 
      question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF1021a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780161
1980: V800893
1982: V820149
1984: V840909
1986: V860185
1988: V880675
1990: V900199
1992: V925402
1994: V940402
1996: V961045
1998: V980276
2000: V001329
===================================================================================================
VCF1022a	

1972-2004 Mention 2: Like About Democratic U.S. House Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Was there anything in particular that you liked about {NAME}, the
Democratic candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1020; no post IW; abbrev. 
      telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district  
      misidentified (2000); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER' master code.
1996 NOTE:
Documentation for code 205 (1 case) has not been found.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780162
1980: V800894
1982: V820150
1984: V840910
1986: V860186
1988: V880676
1990: V900200
1992: V925403
1994: V940403
1996: V961046
1998: V980277
2000: V001330
===================================================================================================
VCF1022b	

1972-2004 Mention 2: Like About Democratic U.S. House Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Was there anything in particular that you liked about {NAME}, the
Democratic candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1020; no post IW; abbrev. 
      telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district  
      misidentified (2000); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF1022a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780162
1980: V800894
1982: V820150
1984: V840910
1986: V860186
1988: V880676
1990: V900200
1992: V925403
1994: V940403
1996: V961046
1998: V980277
2000: V001330
===================================================================================================
VCF1023a	

1972-2004 Mention 3: Like About Democratic U.S. House Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Was there anything in particular that you liked about {NAME}, the
Democratic candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1020; no post IW; abbrev. 
      telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district  
      misidentified (2000); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780163
1980: V800895
1982: V820151
1984: V840911
1986: V860187
1988: V880677
1990: V900201
1992: V925404
1994: V940404
1996: V961047
1998: V980278
2000: V001331
===================================================================================================
VCF1023b	

1972-2004 Mention 3: Like About Democratic U.S. House Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Was there anything in particular that you liked about {NAME}, the
Democratic candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1020; no post IW; abbrev. 
      telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district  
      misidentified (2000); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF1023a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780163
1980: V800895
1982: V820151
1984: V840911
1986: V860187
1988: V880677
1990: V900201
1992: V925404
1994: V940404
1996: V961047
1998: V980278
2000: V001331
===================================================================================================
VCF1024a	

1972-2004 Mention 4: Like About Democratic U.S. House Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Was there anything in particular that you liked about {NAME}, the
Democratic candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1020; no post IW; abbrev. 
      telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district  
      misidentified (2000); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780164
1980: V800896
1982: V820152
1984: V840912
1986: V860188
1988: V880678
1990: V900202
1992: V925405
1994: V940405
1996: V961048
1998: V980279
2000: V001332
===================================================================================================
VCF1024b	

1972-2004 Mention 4: Like About Democratic U.S. House Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Was there anything in particular that you liked about {NAME}, the
Democratic candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1020; no post IW; abbrev. 
      telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district  
      misidentified (2000); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF1024a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780164
1980: V800896
1982: V820152
1984: V840912
1986: V860188
1988: V880678
1990: V900202
1992: V925405
1994: V940405
1996: V961048
1998: V980279
2000: V001332
===================================================================================================
VCF1025a	

1972-2004 Mention 5: Like About Democratic U.S. House Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Was there anything in particular that you liked about {NAME}, the
Democratic candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1020; no post IW; abbrev. 
      telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district  
      misidentified (2000); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1988: V880679
1990: V900203
1992: V925406
1994: V940406
1996: V961049
1998: V980280
2000: V001333
===================================================================================================
VCF1025b	

1972-2004 Mention 5: Like About Democratic U.S. House Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Was there anything in particular that you liked about {NAME}, the
Democratic candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1020; no post IW; abbrev. 
      telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district  
      misidentified (2000); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF1025a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1988: V880679
1990: V900203
1992: V925406
1994: V940406
1996: V961049
1998: V980280
2000: V001333
===================================================================================================
VCF1026	

Dislikes anything about Democratic U.S. House Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Was there anything in particular that you didn't like about {NAME}, the
Democratic candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA;  no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district
   NA (2000); district misidentified (2000)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0981.
Code 5 includes cases where R says he/she did not know anything about
the candidate.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780165
1980: V800897
1982: V820153
1984: V840913
1986: V860189
1988: V880680
1990: V900204
1992: V925407
1994: V940407
1996: V961050
1998: V980281
2000: V001334
===================================================================================================
VCF1027a	

1972-2004 Mention 1: Dislike About Democratic U.S. House Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Was there anything in particular that you didn't like about {NAME}, the
Democratic candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you didn't like about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8888. DK (mention 1 only)
8889. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1026; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); 
      short form (1992); district NA (2000); district misidentified (2000); 
      question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780166
1980: V800898
1982: V820154
1984: V840914
1986: V860190
1988: V880681
1990: V900205
1992: V925408
1994: V940408
1996: V961051
1998: V980282
2000: V001335
===================================================================================================
VCF1027b	

1972-2004 Mention 1: Dislike About Democratic U.S. House Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Was there anything in particular that you didn't like about {NAME}, the
Democratic candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you didn't like about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
88. DK (mention 1 only)
89. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1026; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); 
      short form (1992); district NA (2000); district misidentified (2000);
      question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF1027a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780166
1980: V800898
1982: V820154
1984: V840914
1986: V860190
1988: V880681
1990: V900205
1992: V925408
1994: V940408
1996: V961051
1998: V980282
2000: V001335
===================================================================================================
VCF1028a	

1972-2004 Mention 2: Dislike About Democratic U.S. House Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Was there anything in particular that you didn't like about {NAME}, the
Democratic candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you didn't like about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1026; no post IW; abbrev. 
      telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district  
      misidentified (2000); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780167
1980: V800899
1982: V820155
1984: V840915
1986: V860191
1988: V880682
1990: V900206
1992: V925409
1994: V940409
1996: V961052
1998: V980283
2000: V001336
===================================================================================================
VCF1028b	

1972-2004 Mention 2: Dislike About Democratic U.S. House Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Was there anything in particular that you didn't like about {NAME}, the
Democratic candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you didn't like about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1026; no post IW; abbrev. 
      telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district  
      misidentified (2000); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF1028a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780167
1980: V800899
1982: V820155
1984: V840915
1986: V860191
1988: V880682
1990: V900206
1992: V925409
1994: V940409
1996: V961052
1998: V980283
2000: V001336
===================================================================================================
VCF1029a	

1972-2004 Mention 3: Dislike About Democratic U.S. House Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Was there anything in particular that you didn't like about {NAME}, the
Democratic candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you didn't like about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1026; no post IW; abbrev. 
      telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district  
      misidentified (2000); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780168
1980: V800900
1982: V820156
1984: V840916
1986: V860192
1988: V880683
1990: V900207
1992: V925410
1994: V940410
1996: V961053
1998: V980284
2000: V001337
===================================================================================================
VCF1029b	

1972-2004 Mention 3: Dislike About Democratic U.S. House Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Was there anything in particular that you didn't like about {NAME}, the
Democratic candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you didn't like about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1026; no post IW; abbrev. 
      telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district  
      misidentified (2000); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF1029a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780168
1980: V800900
1982: V820156
1984: V840916
1986: V860192
1988: V880683
1990: V900207
1992: V925410
1994: V940410
1996: V961053
1998: V980284
2000: V001337
===================================================================================================
VCF1030a	

1972-2004 Mention 4: Dislike About Democratic U.S. House Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Was there anything in particular that you didn't like about {NAME}, the
Democratic candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you didn't like about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1026; no post IW; abbrev. 
      telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district  
      misidentified (2000); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780169
1980: V800901
1982: V820157
1984: V840917
1986: V860193
1988: V880684
1990: V900208
1992: V925411
1994: V940411
1996: V961054
1998: V980285
2000: V001338
===================================================================================================
VCF1030b	

1972-2004 Mention 4: Dislike About Democratic U.S. House Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Was there anything in particular that you didn't like about {NAME}, the
Democratic candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you didn't like about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1026; no post IW; abbrev. 
      telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district  
      misidentified (2000); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF1030a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780169
1980: V800901
1982: V820157
1984: V840917
1986: V860193
1988: V880684
1990: V900208
1992: V925411
1994: V940411
1996: V961054
1998: V980285
2000: V001338
===================================================================================================
VCF1031a	

1972-2004 Mention 5: Dislike About Democratic U.S. House Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Was there anything in particular that you didn't like about {NAME}, the
Democratic candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you didn't like about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1026; no post IW; abbrev. 
      telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district  
      misidentified (2000); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1988: V880685
1990: V900209
1992: V925412
1994: V940412
1996: V961055
1998: V980286
2000: V001339
===================================================================================================
VCF1031b	

1972-2004 Mention 5: Dislike About Democratic U.S. House Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Was there anything in particular that you didn't like about {NAME}, the
Democratic candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you didn't like about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1026; no post IW; abbrev. 
      telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district  
      misidentified (2000); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF1031a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1988: V880685
1990: V900209
1992: V925412
1994: V940412
1996: V961055
1998: V980286
2000: V001339
===================================================================================================
VCF1032	

Likes anything about Republican U.S. House Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Was there anything in particular that you liked about {NAME}, the
Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA;  no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district
   NA (2000); district misidentified (2000)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0984.
Code 5 includes cases where R says he/she did not know anything about
the candidate.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780170
1980: V800902
1982: V820158
1984: V840918
1986: V860194
1988: V880686
1990: V900210
1992: V925413
1994: V940413
1996: V961056
1998: V980287
2000: V001340
===================================================================================================
VCF1033a	

1972-2004 Mention 1: Like About Republican U.S. House Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Was there anything in particular that you liked about {NAME}, the
Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8888. DK (mention 1 only)
8889. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1032; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); 
      short form (1992); district NA (2000); district misidentified (2000); 
      question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780171
1980: V800903
1982: V820159
1984: V840919
1986: V860195
1988: V880687
1990: V900211
1992: V925414
1994: V940414
1996: V961057
1998: V980288
2000: V001341
===================================================================================================
VCF1033b	

1972-2004 Mention 1: Like About Republican U.S. House Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Was there anything in particular that you liked about {NAME}, the
Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
88. DK (mention 1 only)
89. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1032; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); 
      short form (1992); district NA (2000); district misidentified (2000); 
      question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF1033a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780171
1980: V800903
1982: V820159
1984: V840919
1986: V860195
1988: V880687
1990: V900211
1992: V925414
1994: V940414
1996: V961057
1998: V980288
2000: V001341
===================================================================================================
VCF1034a	

1972-2004 Mention 2: Like About Republican U.S. House Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Was there anything in particular that you liked about {NAME}, the
Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1032; no post IW; abbrev. 
      telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district  
      misidentified (2000); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780172
1980: V800904
1982: V820160
1984: V840920
1986: V860196
1988: V880688
1990: V900212
1992: V925415
1994: V940415
1996: V961058
1998: V980289
2000: V001342
===================================================================================================
VCF1034b	

1972-2004 Mention 2: Like About Republican U.S. House Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Was there anything in particular that you liked about {NAME}, the
Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1032; no post IW; abbrev. 
      telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district  
      misidentified (2000); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF1034a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780172
1980: V800904
1982: V820160
1984: V840920
1986: V860196
1988: V880688
1990: V900212
1992: V925415
1994: V940415
1996: V961058
1998: V980289
2000: V001342
===================================================================================================
VCF1035a	

1972-2004 Mention 3: Like About Republican U.S. House Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Was there anything in particular that you liked about {NAME}, the
Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1032; no post IW; abbrev. 
      telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district  
      misidentified (2000); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780173
1980: V800905
1982: V820161
1984: V840921
1986: V860197
1988: V880689
1990: V900213
1992: V925416
1994: V940416
1996: V961059
1998: V980290
2000: V001343
===================================================================================================
VCF1035b	

1972-2004 Mention 3: Like About Republican U.S. House Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Was there anything in particular that you liked about {NAME}, the
Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1032; no post IW; abbrev. 
      telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district  
      misidentified (2000); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF1035a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780173
1980: V800905
1982: V820161
1984: V840921
1986: V860197
1988: V880689
1990: V900213
1992: V925416
1994: V940416
1996: V961059
1998: V980290
2000: V001343
===================================================================================================
VCF1036a	

1972-2004 Mention 4: Like About Republican U.S. House Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Was there anything in particular that you liked about {NAME}, the
Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1032; no post IW; abbrev. 
      telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district  
      misidentified (2000); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780174
1980: V800906
1982: V820162
1984: V840922
1986: V860198
1988: V880690
1990: V900214
1992: V925417
1994: V940417
1996: V961060
1998: V980291
2000: V001344
===================================================================================================
VCF1036b	

1972-2004 Mention 4: Like About Republican U.S. House Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Was there anything in particular that you liked about {NAME}, the
Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1032; no post IW; abbrev. 
      telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district  
      misidentified (2000); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF1036a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780174
1980: V800906
1982: V820162
1984: V840922
1986: V860198
1988: V880690
1990: V900214
1992: V925417
1994: V940417
1996: V961060
1998: V980291
2000: V001344
===================================================================================================
VCF1037a	

1972-2004 Mention 5: Like About Republican U.S. House Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Was there anything in particular that you liked about {NAME}, the
Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1032; no post IW; abbrev. 
      telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district  
      misidentified (2000); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1988: V880691
1990: V900215
1992: V925418
1994: V940418
1996: V961061
1998: V980292
2000: V001345
===================================================================================================
VCF1037b	

1972-2004 Mention 5: Like About Republican U.S. House Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Was there anything in particular that you liked about {NAME}, the
Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1032; no post IW; abbrev. 
      telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district  
      misidentified (2000); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF1037a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1988: V880691
1990: V900215
1992: V925418
1994: V940418
1996: V961061
1998: V980292
2000: V001345
===================================================================================================
VCF1038	

Dislikes anything about Republican U.S. House Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Was there anything in particular that you didn't like about {NAME}, the
Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA;  no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district
   NA (2000); district misidentified (2000)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0985.
Code 5 includes cases where R says he/she did not know anything about
the candidate.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780175
1980: V800907
1982: V820163
1984: V840923
1986: V860199
1988: V880692
1990: V900216
1992: V925419
1994: V940419
1996: V961062
1998: V980293
2000: V001346
===================================================================================================
VCF1039a	

1972-2004 Mention 1: Dislike About Republican U.S. House Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Was there anything in particular that you didn't like about {NAME}, the
Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you didn't like about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8888. DK (mention 1 only)
8889. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1038; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); 
      short form (1992); district NA (2000); district misidentified (2000); 
      question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780176
1980: V800908
1982: V820164
1984: V840924
1986: V860200
1988: V880693
1990: V900217
1992: V925420
1994: V940420
1996: V961063
1998: V980294
2000: V001347
===================================================================================================
VCF1039b	

1972-2004 Mention 1: Dislike About Republican U.S. House Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Was there anything in particular that you didn't like about {NAME}, the
Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you didn't like about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
88. DK (mention 1 only)
89. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1038; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); 
      short form (1992); district NA (2000); district misidentified (2000); 
      question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF1039a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780176
1980: V800908
1982: V820164
1984: V840924
1986: V860200
1988: V880693
1990: V900217
1992: V925420
1994: V940420
1996: V961063
1998: V980294
2000: V001347
===================================================================================================
VCF1040a	

1972-2004 Mention 2: Dislike About Republican U.S. House Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Was there anything in particular that you didn't like about {NAME}, the
Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you didn't like about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1038; no post IW; abbrev. 
      telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district  
      misidentified (2000); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780177
1980: V800909
1982: V820165
1984: V840925
1986: V860201
1988: V880694
1990: V900218
1992: V925421
1994: V940421
1996: V961064
1998: V980295
2000: V001348
===================================================================================================
VCF1040b	

1972-2004 Mention 2: Dislike About Republican U.S. House Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Was there anything in particular that you didn't like about {NAME}, the
Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you didn't like about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1038; no post IW; abbrev. 
      telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district  
      misidentified (2000); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF1040a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780177
1980: V800909
1982: V820165
1984: V840925
1986: V860201
1988: V880694
1990: V900218
1992: V925421
1994: V940421
1996: V961064
1998: V980295
2000: V001348
===================================================================================================
VCF1041a	

1972-2004 Mention 3: Dislike About Republican U.S. House Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Was there anything in particular that you didn't like about {NAME}, the
Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you didn't like about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1038; no post IW; abbrev. 
      telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district  
      misidentified (2000); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780178
1980: V800910
1982: V820166
1984: V840926
1986: V860202
1988: V880695
1990: V900219
1992: V925422
1994: V940422
1996: V961065
1998: V980296
2000: V001349
===================================================================================================
VCF1041b	

1972-2004 Mention 3: Dislike About Republican U.S. House Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Was there anything in particular that you didn't like about {NAME}, the
Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you didn't like about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1038; no post IW; abbrev. 
      telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district  
      misidentified (2000); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF1041a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780178
1980: V800910
1982: V820166
1984: V840926
1986: V860202
1988: V880695
1990: V900219
1992: V925422
1994: V940422
1996: V961065
1998: V980296
2000: V001349
===================================================================================================
VCF1042a	

1972-2004 Mention 4: Dislike About Republican U.S. House Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Was there anything in particular that you didn't like about {NAME}, the
Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you didn't like about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1038; no post IW; abbrev. 
      telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district  
      misidentified (2000); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780179
1980: V800911
1982: V820167
1984: V840927
1986: V860203
1988: V880696
1990: V900220
1992: V925423
1994: V940423
1996: V961066
1998: V980297
2000: V001350
===================================================================================================
VCF1042b	

1972-2004 Mention 4: Dislike About Republican U.S. House Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Was there anything in particular that you didn't like about {NAME}, the
Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you didn't like about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1038; no post IW; abbrev. 
      telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district  
      misidentified (2000); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF1042a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780179
1980: V800911
1982: V820167
1984: V840927
1986: V860203
1988: V880696
1990: V900220
1992: V925423
1994: V940423
1996: V961066
1998: V980297
2000: V001350
===================================================================================================
VCF1043a	

1972-2004 Mention 5: Dislike About Republican U.S. House Cand

QUESTION:
---------
Was there anything in particular that you didn't like about {NAME}, the
Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you didn't like about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
0001-8877

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1038; no post IW; abbrev. 
      telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district  
      misidentified (2000); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix 'PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER' master code.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1988: V880697
1990: V900221
1992: V925424
1994: V940424
1996: V961067
1998: V980298
2000: V001351
===================================================================================================
VCF1043b	

1972-2004 Mention 5: Dislike About Republican U.S. House Cand COLLAPSED

QUESTION:
---------
Was there anything in particular that you didn't like about {NAME}, the
Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you didn't like about this candidate]?

VALID CODES:
------------
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1038; no post IW; abbrev. 
      telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district  
      misidentified (2000); question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF1043a.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1988: V880697
1990: V900221
1992: V925424
1994: V940424
1996: V961067
1998: V980298
2000: V001351
===================================================================================================
VCF9001	

Length of Residence in Community

QUESTION:
---------
How long have you lived here in (1986 AND LATER: your present) (1984:
this) city/town/township/county (2002: community) ?

VALID CODES:
------------
0. 1 Year or less (2002,2004: less than 1 year)
1. 13-23 Mos. (1988-1992 only) (2002,2004: 12-18 months)
2. 2 Years (1994-later: includes 13-23 months; 2002,2004: 19-24 months)
3. 3 Years
.
.
89. 89 Years or more
90. 'All of life' (regardless of number of years) [exc.1974,2004]

MISSING CODES:
--------------
99. DK; NA; Panel (2002)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
In Pre-Post study years, this was a pre var.
In 1968-1978, if number of years given included a fraction of 6 or
more months, then the number of years coded was rounded up to the next
highest whole number.   In 1980-1986, this practice was restricted to
instances where the total number of years (and months) given was less
than 2 years; if the number of years given was greater than 2, then
any fraction was dropped.
In 1988-1990, all fractions of years were dropped with the exception
of months less than a year (coded as 1 year, code 0), and 13-23 months
(code 1). In 1994 and later, all fractions of years were dropped with
the exception of months less than a year (coded 0); the code '13-23
months; 2 years' has been recoded to 2.
Beginning in 2012, exact number of years was not in the public release.
1974 NOTE:
Code 'all of life' was not used.
2002 NOTE:
This question was asked only of Fresh Cross respondents.
2004 NOTE:
Code 76 includes, '76 years or more.'  Code, 'All of life'
was not used.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1968: V680260
1970: V700382(type 0)
1972: V720419
1974: VV74254
1976: V763502
1978: V780627
1980: V800714
1982: V820756
1984: V840702
1986: V860750
1988: V880548
1990: V900681
1992: V924130
1994: V941423
1996: V960712
1998: V980661
2000: V001020a,V001020b,V001020
2002: V023139
2004: V043308
2008: V083266a,V083266b
===================================================================================================
VCF9002	

Length of Residence in Home

QUESTION:
---------
How long have you lived (2012: at this address?) in this house
(condo/apartment) (2002: your current home) ?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. 4 years or less
2. 5-9 years
3. 10-19 years
4. 20-29 years
5. 30 or more years (2004: includes 76 years or more)
6. 'All of life' (regardless of number of years)[exc.1974,1976,2004]

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. DK; NA
0. Panel (2002)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Beginning in 2012, exact number of years was not in the public release.
1960 NOTE:
Post-only Rs were asked this question in the post: their responses were
incorporated into the pre var used here.
1974 NOTE:
Code 'all of life' was not used.
1976 NOTE:
same as 1974.
2002 NOTE:
This question was asked only of Fresh Cross respondents.
2004:
Case 462 indicates a longer residence in home than in
community.  Code 5, '30 years or more' includes '76
years or more).  Code 'All of life' was not used.
2016 NOTE:
Available data do not collapse into these categories.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1958: V580229
1960: V600185
1964: V640264
1966: V660233
1970: V700384(type 0)
1974: VV74254
1976: V763503
1978: V780628
1980: V800718
1982: V820760
1984: V840705
1986: V860753
1988: V880551
1990: V900684
1992: V924134
1994: V941426
1996: V960713
1998: V980662
2000: V001021a,V001021b,V001021
2002: V023140
2004: V043311
2008: V083269a,V083269b
===================================================================================================
VCF9003	

Thermometer - Evangelical Groups

QUESTION:
---------
Evangelical groups active in politics -- feeling thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97.    97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK; don't recognize (1980 and later)
99. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800885
1984: V840772
1988: V880614
===================================================================================================
VCF9004	

Thermometer - Elderly

QUESTION:
---------
Older people  (or the elderly) -- feeling thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97.    97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK; don't recognize (1980 and later)
99. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1974: VV74236
1976: V763829
1980: V800865
1984: V840771
1988: V880619
1994: V940316
1996: V961040
2000: V001319
2002: V025065
2004: V045071
===================================================================================================
VCF9005	

Thermometer - Supreme Court

QUESTION:
---------
The Supreme Court -- feeling thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97.    97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK; don't recognize (1980 and later)
99. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800866
1984: V840776
1988: V880621
1996: V961025
2000: V001304
2002: V025051
2004: V045073
2012: ftgr_ussc
2016: V162102
===================================================================================================
VCF9006	

Thermometer - Women

QUESTION:
---------
Women -- feeling thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97.    97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK; don't recognize (1984,1988,2004)
99. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1976: V763830
1984: V840762
1988: V880608
2004: V045083
===================================================================================================
VCF9007	

Thermometer - Jesse Jackson

QUESTION:
---------
JesseJackson -- feeling thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
00-96. Degrees as coded
97.    97-100 Degrees

MISSING CODES:
--------------
98. DK; don't recognize (1984,1986,1988,1990,1992,1996)
99. NA
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V840298
1986: V860145
1988: V880162
1990: V900139
1992: V923316
1994: V940228
1996: V960283
2002: V023018
===================================================================================================
VCF9008	

Which Party Would Best Handle Pollution and Protecting Environment

QUESTION:
---------
Which party do you think would do a better job of handling the
problem of pollution and (1990,1994: protection of) the environment?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Better by Democrats
3. Same by both
5. Better by Republicans
8. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Volunteered responses 'neither' have been recoded to 3.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1990: V900391
1994: V940830
1998: V980385
===================================================================================================
VCF9009	

Approve of President Performance on Economy

QUESTION:
---------
Do you approve or disapprove of the way [president] is handling the
economy?
(IF APPROVE/DISAPPROVE: )  Do you approve/disapprove strongly or not
strongly?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Approve strongly
2. Approve not strongly
4. Disapprove not strongly
5. Disapprove strongly
8. DK if approve/disapprove strongly or not strongly; DK/NA if approve or 
     disapprove

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA if approve/disapprove strongly or not strongly
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
President: Reagan 1984, 1986, 1988; George Bush Sr. 1990, 1992;
Clinton 1994,1996,1998,2000; George W. Bush 2002,2004.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V840261
1986: V860099
1988: V880227
1990: V900101
1992: V923324
1994: V940202
1996: V960297
1998: V980217
2000: V000501
2002: V023042
2004: V043026,V043027
2012: presapp_econ_x
2016: V161083x,V161083,V161083a
===================================================================================================
VCF9010	

Which Would Best Handle Inflation

QUESTION:
---------
Do you think inflation would be handled better by the Democrats, by
the Republicans, or about the same by both?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Better by Democrats
3. Same by both
5. Better by Republicans
8. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Volunteered responses 'neither' have been recoded to 3.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1976: V763143
1978: V780341
1980: V800204
1982: V820337
===================================================================================================
VCF9011	

Which Would Best Handle Unemployment

QUESTION:
---------
Do you think the problems of unemployment would be handled better by
the Democrats, by the Republicans, or about the same by both?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Better by Democrats
3. Same by both
5. Better by Republicans
8. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA
INAP. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1976: V763145
1978: V780344
1980: V800208
1982: V820339
===================================================================================================
VCF9012	

Which Party Would Best Handle Most Important Problem

QUESTION:
---------
(IF R HAS MENTIONED A 'MOST IMPORTANT PROBLEM' IN THE NATION: )
Which political party do you think would be most likely to get the
government to do a better job in dealing with this problem (1972: to
be helpful on this problem) --the Republicans, the Democrats, or
wouldn't there be much difference between them?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Democrats
3. Not much difference
5. Republicans
8. DK; other (1972 only); neither

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; no Post IW; form I, II, IV (1972); short form (1992); question not 
   administered in assigned half-sample (1996, 2000)
0. R has not identified any problem
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
This var is a follow-up to VCF0875/VCF0875a/VCF0875b.
1972 NOTE:
Code 8 includes 11 cases where R's response was 'other.'
1996 NOTE:
A half-sample of respondents was randomly selected to be administered
questions about 'most important problem'.
2000 NOTE:
same as 1996
2012 NOTE:
Corrected data will be provided in the next release.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720550
1976: V763692
1978: V780317
1980: V800985
1982: V820300
1984: V840995
1986: V860308
1988: V880819
1992: V925728
1994: V940707
1996: V961143
1998: V980348
2000: V000438
===================================================================================================
VCF9013	

Society Ensure Equal Opportunity to Succeed

QUESTION:
---------
1988 AND LATER: 
Using page [page] for our choice of answers, I would like you to tell me
how much you agree or disagree with each statement.
(RESPONDENT BOOKLET SHOWN TO R)
1984,1986,1990,1996:
I am going to read several statements.  After each one, I would like you
to tell me whether you agree strongly, agree somewhat, neither agree nor
disagree, disagree somewhat, or disagree strongly.
(RESPONDENT BOOKLET SHOWN TO R)
2004:
Pleae look at page [page] of the booklet.  I am going to read several
more statements.  After each one, I would like you to tell me how
strongly you agree or disagree.
ALL YEARS:
'Our society should do whatever is necessary to make sure that
everyone has an equal opportunity to succeed.'

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Agree strongly
2. Agree somewhat
3. Neither agree nor disagree
4. Disagree somewhat
5. Disagree strongly
8. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; no Post IW; form B (1990)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
The order in which VCF9013-9018 questions appeared in the original
studies varied by study.
1984 NOTE:
Egalitarianism series was administered with a break mid-sequence.
1988 NOTE 1:
Placement varied by form.
1988 NOTE 2:
The order of egalitarianism items was scrambled among form B
respondents.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V840204
1986: V860364
1988: V880924
1990: V900426
1992: V926024
1994: V940914
1996: V961229
2000: V001521
2004: V045212
2012: egal_equal
2016: V162243
===================================================================================================
VCF9014	

We Have Gone Too Far Pushing Equal Rights

'We have gone too far in pushing equal rights in this country.'

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Agree strongly
2. Agree somewhat
3. Neither agree nor disagree
4. Disagree somewhat
5. Disagree strongly
8. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; no Post IW; form B (1990)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See intro text and notes VCF9013.
1972 NOTE:
The 1972 version of this question was not comparable.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V840206
1986: V860365
1988: V880925
1990: V900427
1992: V926025
1994: V940915
1996: V961230
1998: V980429
2000: V001522
2004: V045213
2012: egal_toofar
===================================================================================================
VCF9015	

Big Problem that Not Everyone Has Equal Chance

QUESTION:
---------
ALL YEARS: 
'One of the big problems in this country is that we don't give
everyone an equal chance.'

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Agree strongly
2. Agree somewhat
3. Neither agree nor disagree
4. Disagree somewhat
5. Disagree strongly
8. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; no Post IW; form B (1990)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See intro text and notes VCF9013.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V840208
1986: V860366
1988: V880929
1990: V900428
1992: V926029
1994: V940916
1996: V961231
2000: V001523
2004: V045214
2012: egal_bigprob
===================================================================================================
VCF9016	

Not Big Problem if Some Have More Chance in Life

QUESTION:
---------
ALL YEARS: 
'It is not really that big a problem if some people have more of a
chance in life than others.'

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Agree strongly
2. Agree somewhat
3. Neither agree nor disagree
4. Disagree somewhat
5. Disagree strongly
8. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; no Post IW; form B (1990)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See intro text and notes VCF9013.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V840255
1986: V860368
1988: V880927
1990: V900430
1992: V926027
1994: V940918
1996: V961233
2000: V001525
2004: V045216
2012: egal_notbigprob
2016: V162245
===================================================================================================
VCF9017	

Should Worry less about How Equal People Are

QUESTION:
---------
ALL YEARS: 
'The (2004: This_ country would be better off if we worried less
about how equal people are.'

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Agree strongly
2. Agree somewhat
3. Neither agree nor disagree
4. Disagree somewhat
5. Disagree strongly
8. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; no Post IW; form B (1990)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See intro text and notes VCF9013.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V840251
1986: V860367
1988: V880926
1990: V900429
1992: V926026
1994: V940917
1996: V961232
2000: V001524
2004: V045215
2012: egal_worryless
2016: V162244
===================================================================================================
VCF9018	

U.S. Fewer Problems if Everyone Treated Equally

QUESTION:
---------
ALL YEARS: 
'If people were treated more equally in this country we would have
many fewer problems.'

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Agree strongly
2. Agree somewhat
3. Neither agree nor disagree
4. Disagree somewhat
5. Disagree strongly
8. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; no Post IW; form B (1990)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See intro text and notes VCF9013.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V840253
1986: V860369
1988: V880928
1990: V900431
1992: V926028
1994: V940919
1996: V961234
1998: V980428
2000: V001526
2004: V045217
2012: egal_fewerprobs
2016: V162246
===================================================================================================
VCF9019	

Most Desirable Goal for the Nation: #1

QUESTION:
---------
For a nation, it is not always possible to obtain everything one might
wish.  On this page (1988,1992: on page [PAGE] of the booklet)
(1972, 1976: on this card), several different goals are listed.
If you had to choose among them, which one would seem most desirable
to you?   (RESPONDENT BOOKLET OR SHOW CARD SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Maintaining order in the nation
2. Giving the people more say in important political decisions
3. Fighting rising prices
4. Protecting freedom of speech

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
1988 NOTE:
Placement varied by form.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720557
1976: V763949
1980: V801171
1984: V841076
1988: V880930
1992: V926013
===================================================================================================
VCF9020	

Most Desirable Goal for the Nation: #2

QUESTION:
---------
(IF FIRST CHOICE GIVEN: ) Which one {goal for our nation} would be your
second choice?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Maintaining order in the nation
2. Giving the people more say in important political decisions
3. Fighting rising prices
4. Protecting freedom of speech

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK 2nd choice
9. NA 2nd choice; no Post IW; NA or DK 1st choice (8 or 9 in VCF9019); 
   form I,III,IV (1972); telephone IW (1984); no 2nd choice
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See intro and notes VCF9019.
This is a follow-up to VCF9019.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720558
1976: V763950
1980: V801172
1984: V841077
1988: V880931
1992: V926014
===================================================================================================
VCF9021	

Did Anyone Talk to R about Voting or Registering

QUESTION:
---------
During the campaign this year, did anyone talk to you about registering
to vote or getting out to vote (1984,1986: or about voting)?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
This was a post var.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V840841
1986: V860326
1988: V880835
1990: V900376
1992: V925820
1994: V940806
1996: V961174
1998: V980354
2000: V001234
2002: V025014
2012: mobilpo_reg
2016: V162009
===================================================================================================
VCF9022	

Voter Strength of Preference- Presidential Cand

QUESTION:
---------
(ASKED OF Rs WHO VOTED):  How about the election for president? Did
you vote for a candidate for president?  (IF YES) Who did you vote
for?  Would you say that your preference for this candidate was strong
or not strong?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Strong
5. Not strong

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
0. R did not vote or DK/NA/refused to say if voted; R voted but did not 
   vote (or DK/NA/refused to say if voted) for president; R voted for 
   president but DK/NA/refused to say who voted for (1988 only)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
This is a follow-up to VCF0704-VCF0706.
1980 NOTE:
Some Rs who refused to identify who they voted for or who DK/NA who
voted gave valid code responses.
1984 NOTE:
same as 1980.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800995
1984: V840789
1988: V880764
1992: V925610
1996: V961083
2000: V001250
2004: V045026
2012: prevote_presstr, postvote_presstr
2016: V162066x,V162035
===================================================================================================
VCF9023	

Nonvoter Preference- Presidential Cand

QUESTION:
---------
(ALL YEARS:  ASKED OF Rs WHO DID NOT VOTE):
1948,1952,1956,1960,1964,1968:
Who (1948: whom) would you have voted for if you had voted?
1980,1984,1988,1992,1996:
How about the election for president?  Did you prefer one of the
candidates for president?  (IF YES:) Who did you prefer?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Preference:  Democrat
2. Preference:  Republican
3. Preference:  Other
7. No preference (1968 and later)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. DK; NA; refused; no Post IW
0. R voted or DK/NA/refused to say if voted (for president)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
This is a follow-up to VCF0704-VCF0706.
GENERAL NOTE:
In 1952,1956,1960,1964 no category appeared (coded) for 'no preference.'
Although a category appeared for 'no preference' in 1968, R was not
asked the filter question, 'Did you prefer one of the candidates for
president?' and the absence of this filter was reflected in the small
1968 'no preference' N (presumably volunteered responses). In 1980,
1984, 1988 and 1992 Rs who replied 'no' to the filter question were
coded 7 here.
1956 NOTE:
One case from dual 'nonvoter, NA preference; voted but not for
president' has been coded 9 here.
1968 NOTE:
One case originally coded 'Nixon or Wallace' has been coded 9 here.
2004 NOTE:
Code 5, 'Ralph Nader' and code 7, 'Other' have been coded 3 here.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520178
1956: V560203
1960: V600201
1968: V680316
1980: V801014,V801016
1984: V840805,V84080
1988: V880774,V880775
1992: V925634
1996: V961098,V961099
2000: V001277
2004: V045028,V045029
2012: postvote_prefprwho
2016: V162038x,V162062x
===================================================================================================
VCF9024	

Voter Strength of Preference- U.S. House Cand

QUESTION:
---------
(ASKED OF Rs WHO VOTED):  Here is a list of candidates for the major
races in this district.  How about the election for the House of
Representative in Washington?  Did you vote for a candidate for the
U.S. House of Representatives?  (IF YES:) Who did you vote for?
Would you say that your preference for this candidate was strong or
not strong?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Strong
5. Not strong

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); short form (1992)
0. R did not vote or DK/NA/refused to say if voted; R voted but did not 
   vote (or DK/NA/refused to say if voted) for House candidate; R voted 
   for House but DK/refused to say who voted for (not 1984,1988); R voted 
   for House but NA who voted for (not 1980 1990); special districts with 
   no House race in 1978 (4 districts:  LA03, LA07, FL08, FL10); special 
   districts with no House race in 1980 (1980, 2 districts: LA03, LA07)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
This is a follow-up to VCF0707,VCF0735,VCF0736.
GENERAL NOTE:
In 1980, 1984, 1988 and 1990 study datasets only, some Rs coded NA for
House vote gave valid code responses.
1984 NOTE 1:
Some Rs who refused to identify /DK who they voted for gave valid code
responses.
1984 NOTE 2:
3 cases in the study dataset which were abbreviated telephone IWs were
placed in the wrong MD code (0).  They are correctly coded here (9).
1988 NOTE:
same as 1984 NOTE 1.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780475
1980: V800999
1984: V840794
1988: V880769
1990: V900290
1992: V925624
===================================================================================================
VCF9025	

Vote for Governor- Party

QUESTION:
---------
(ASKED OF Rs WHO VOTED): 
How about the vote/election for Governor (1952, 1958: here in [state])?
Did you vote for a candidate for Governor?  (IF YES:) Who did you vote
for?  Which party was that?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Democrat
2. Republican
3. Other

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. DK; NA; did not vote; DK/NA/refused to say if voted; voted, but not 
   for governor; voted but DK/NA/refused to say if voted for governor; 
   DK/NA/refused to say who voted for; name given by R not on candidate 
   list (1978-1990); no  Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
0. No gubernatorial race in state (includes Washington D.C.)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
See Appendix NOTE 'STATES AND PARTIES OF ELECTIONS/CANDIDATES'.
GENERAL NOTE:
Ballot card was not used until 1978.  In 1978-1982, 1986 R selected
name from ballot card.  When R gave a name not on the candidate list,
MD was coded, and party of vote was undetermined.
In 1952, 1958, 1964-1968 (no ballot card), when an incorrect name--
i.e., not on the candidate list--was given with a party association,
the party given was coded.  When a correct name was given with an
incorrect party, then the actual party associated with the named
candidate was coded: 'Smith, a Democrat' was coded as a Republican if,
in fact  (contrary to R's perception) Smith was indeed a Republican.
In 1970-1976 (no ballot card), R's perception of candidate's party was
given.  If an incorrect name (not on the candidate list) was given,
party associated was still coded.  If a given party was not the actual
party of a correctly named candidate, party as given was still coded.
In 1952, 1958, 1960 and 1964, this question was coded as a multiple
response variable allowing, when applicable, for candidate-at-large
mentions (2nd response) as well as district choice of candidates (1st
response).  Second responses were excluded in coding VCF9025.
If R did not vote AND R's state did not have a gubernatorial race,
then 0 (not 9) has been coded.
In 1980, 1982, 1986, 1990:  if there was no race in state of IW BUT it
was determined that R voted outside of state of IW AND R designated
his/her vote for governor in the other state, then this variable has
been coded for the party of R's 'outside' vote, not coded 0 MD (no
race in state).  Before 1980, it was not determined whether R voted
outside of state of IW, and no information was previously available
for any votes for governor outside of state of IW.
2016 NOTE:
In 2016, state of vote was determined for voters who voted outside
state of residence; this variable represents vote in state of vote.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520188
1958: V580087
1964: V640291
1966: V660108
1968: V680326
1970: V700217(type 0)
1972: V720487
1974: VV74232
1976: V763676
1978: V780482
1980: V801006
1982: V820514
1986: V860274
1990: V900299
1994: V940621
1998: V980321
2012: prevote_vtgovbc, postvote_vtgovbc
2016: V162069x,V161015d,V162026d,V162031x
===================================================================================================
VCF9026	

Vote in Presidential year Primary- Party

QUESTION:
---------
1972: 
 (ASKED OF Rs WHO SAID THEY WERE REGISTERED/ELIGIBLE TO VOTE IN
 NOVEMBER): How about the primary election this year.  Did you vote in
 a presidential primary this spring or summer? (IF YES:)  Which party's
 primary did you vote in?
 1976:
 (ASKED OF Rs WHO SAID THEY WERE REGISTERED/ELIGIBLE TO VOTE IN
 NOVEMBER):  How about the primary election this year?  Do you happen
 to recall if there was a presidential primary election here in [state]
 this spring or summer?  (IF YES:)  Did you vote in the presidential
 primary election?  (IF YES:) Which party's primary did you vote in?
 1980:
 Your state held a primary election on [date].  Did you vote in that
 election, or were you unable to do so?  (IF VOTED:) Did you vote in the
 Republican primary or the Democratic primary? (SEE NOTE FOR ARKANSAS,
 SOUTH CAROLINA, MISSISSIPPI)
 1988:
 This state held a presidential primary/caucus election in [month].  In
 talking to people about elections, we find that a lot of people were not
 able to vote because they weren't registered, they didn't meet party
 qualifications, they were sick or just didn't have the time.  How about
 you--did you vote in that primary election/ caucus?  (IF YES:) Did you
 vote in the Republican or the Democratic primary/caucus?
 1992:
 This state held a Presidential (primary/caucus) election in [month].  In
 talking to people about elections, we find that many people did not vote
 for a variety of reasons.  How about you--did you vote in that primary
 (election/caucus)?  (IF YES:) Did you vote in the Republican or
 Democratic (primary/caucus)?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Voted:  Democratic Pres. Primary (1988: or caucus)
2. Voted:  Republican Pres. Primary (1988: or caucus)
3. Voted:  DK/NA/Refused which Pres. Primary (1988: or caucus)
5. Voted: 'Other' (minor party) Pres. Primary (1972,1976)
7. Did not vote in Pres. Primary  (1988: or caucus)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. DK/NA/refused to say if voted in primary/caucus; form II (1972); 
   short form of Spanish language IW (1992); R is not (or DK/NA if) 
   registered/eligible to vote (1972,1976); R's state did not have a 
   primary (1972,1976,1980); R could not recall if his/her state has a 
   primary (1976 only)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix NOTE 'STATES AND PARTIES OF ELECTIONS/CANDIDATES'.
1972 NOTE 1:
'Caucus' was not specified.
1972 NOTE 2:
This question was only asked of Rs who said they were registered
(eligible) to vote; if NA whether registered/ eligible or R didn't know
if R was registered/eligible, then R was not asked this question.
Additionally, in 1976, R was first asked the question whether R
recalled if R's state had a primary during the spring/summer of the
study year:  if R did recall whether there was a primary AND if R's
state did indeed have a primary, then this question was asked.
1976 NOTE 1:
same as 1972 NOTE 1.
1976 NOTE:
same as 1972 NOTE 2.
1980 NOTE 1:
same as 1972.
1980 NOTE 2:
votes in nonmajor party primaries were not accounted for (no code 5).
1980 NOTE 3:
Several states had only one primary for one major party.  In 1980
Arkansas held a Democratic primary; South Carolina held a Republican
primary; and Mississippi held a Republican primary.  If R indicated
that R voted in the party's primary that year, then R was coded here
for the party of the primary held.  The question asked in Arkansas,
South and Carolina and Mississippi in 1980 was: Your state held a
primary election on [date].  As you may know, the [Democratic/
Republican] party did not have a primary contest in [state] this year,
so there was only a [Democratic/Republican] primary election. Did you
vote in that election or were you unable  to do so?
1988 NOTE 1:
All states represented in the time series study had a primary or
caucus.  However, in some states (Kansas, Michigan and Wyoming
Democratic and Republican caucuses were held on separate dates and the
lead-in question was modified accordingly.
1988 NOTE 2:
same as 1980 NOTE 2.
1992 NOTE:
same as 1988 (Arizona, Iowa, Minnesota, Virginia and Wyoming)

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720167
1976: V763036
1980: V800372
1988: V880149
1992: V923302
===================================================================================================
VCF9027	

Vote in Previous Presidential Election - Party

QUESTION:
---------
1948: 
Do you remember whether you voted in [year] when [Democratic
presidential candidate] ran against [Republican Presidential
candidate]?  (IF YES:)  Whom did you vote for then?
1952-1962:
(1958,1962: Two years ago,) In [year], you remember that [Democratic
presidential candidate] ran against [Republican presidential candidate]
(1958: for the 2nd time).  Do you remember for sure whether or not you
voted in that election?  (IF YES, VOTED:) Which one did you vote for?/
(1958: Did you vote for [Democratic presidential candidate] or
[Republican presidential candidate]?)
1964 FORM 1:
Now, the last presidential election was four years ago, in 1960.  Do you
remember for sure whether or not you voted in that election?  (IF YES,
VOTED:) Did you vote Republican or Democratic in that election?
1964 FORM 2,1966-1972,1976,1980,1982,1988-2002:
In [year], {you remember that} [Republican presidential candidate] ran
on the Republican ticket against [Democratic presidential candidate] for
the Democrats/  (1970,1972: against Mr. Humphrey on the Democratic ticket
and Mr. Wallace on the Independent ticket; 1982: against Jimmy Carter
for the Democrats and John Anderson as an independent candidate).  Do
you remember for sure whether or not you voted for in that election?
(IF YES, VOTED:) Which one did you vote for?
2004:
In 2000 Al Gore ran on the Democratic ticket against George W.
Bush for the Republicans and Ralph Nader as the Reform party
candidate.Do you remember for sure whether or not you voted in
that election?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Voted:  Democratic Pres. Candidate
2. Voted:  Republican Pres. Candidate
3. Voted:  DK/NA/Refused which Pres. Candidate
5. Voted:  Other candidate

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. DK/NA/refused to say if voted in previous presidential election; no 
   Pre IW; no Post IW; short form or Spanish language IW (1992); NA if R 
   has ever voted before (1956,1960,1976,1980); DK if R has ever voted 
   before (1968)
0. R did not vote in previous election; R has never voted
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
This question refers to the Presidential election preceding the current
year.
In 1952-1960,1964-1972,1976,1980, if R answered the filter, 'In the
elections for president since you have been old enough to vote, would
you say that you have voted in all of them, most of them, some of them,
or none of them?' with 'none of them' or answered that s/he was never
before able to vote because s/he was previously not a citizen or old
enough, then this question was not asked.
In 1956, 1960, 1976 and 1980, if it was NA whether R had ever voted,
then this question was not asked.  In 1968, if R DK whether R had ever
voted, then this question was not asked.
In 1962, 1982, 1988, 1990 and 1992 no filter was used, but Rs who did
not vote in the previous presidential election because of age or
citizenship ineligibility (or for any other reason) were simply coded
'did not vote'.
In 1956, 1958, 1960, and 1964 the study  documentation stated that
residents of Washington D.C. were INAP; however, in the data, it
some Washington D.C. residents were INAP while others were not.
1952 NOTE 1:
Code 9 contains 9 cases of respondents who replied that they 'thought'
they had voted Democratic in 1948 and 3 cases of respondents who
replied that they 'thought' they had voted Republican in 1948.
1952 NOTE 2:
In the original 1952 dataset, 1948 presidential votes for two
specified nonmajor party candidates were individually coded, and there
also appeared a combination category labeled 'other or NA or DK who'
(9 cases).  Rs who said they had voted for the specified nonmajor
party candidates in 1948 have been coded 5 here, while Rs from the
combination category of the original 1952 dataset have been coded 3
here.
1956 NOTE:
All cases (unknown number) of Rs who only 'thought' they voted for any
particular candidate in 1952 were combined with other missing data:
these cases are coded 9 here.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1948: V48002
1952: V520076
1956: V560096
1958: V580074
1960: V600097
1962: VV62003
1964: V640156
1966: V660085
1968: V680129
1970: V700199,V700200
1972: V720159,V72016
1976: V763182,V763183
1980: V800353,V800354
1982: V820292,V820293
1988: V880630,V880631
1990: V900166,V900167
1992: V923107,V923108
1994: V940324,V940325
1996: V960203,V960204
1998: V980214,V980215
2000: V000303,V000304
2004: V043002,V043003
2016: V161006,V161005
===================================================================================================
VCF9028	

Which Presidential Candidate Will Win in State

QUESTION:
---------
How [1996,2004: What] about here in [R's state].  Which candidate
for President do you think will carry this state?  (1984,1988,1992,
2004: IF NECESSARY: Which candidate will win in this state?)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Democratic Pres. candidate
2. Republican Pres. candidate
3. Other Pres. candidate
8. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; no Pre IW; Washington D.C.
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
2004 NOTE:
Code 5, 'Ralph Nader' and code 7, 'Other' have been coded 3 here.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1952: V520015
1972: V720027
1976: V763028
1980: V800057
1984: V840078
1988: V880100
1992: V923104
1996: V960383
2004: V043095
2012: preswin_state
2016: V161148
===================================================================================================
VCF9029	

Which Presidential Race in State Be Close

QUESTION:
---------
How about here in [R's state].  Which candidate for President do you
think will carry this state?  (1988,1984, IF NECESSARY: Which
candidate will win in this state?)
Do you think (1972: it) (1988,1996,2004: the Presidential race) will
be close here in [R's state] or will [name given] win by quite a bit?
1980,1984,1988,1992 ONLY: (IF DK) Do you think the Presidential race
will be close here in [R's state] or will one candidate win by quite a
bit?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Close race
3. Win by quite a bit
8. DK; depends

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; NA who R thinks will carry R's state (9 in VCF9028) (all years); 
   DK who will win in R's state (8 in VCF9028)(1972,1976 only)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
1952 NOTE:
The 1952 version of this question was not comparable.
1972 NOTE:
If R replied DK to 'Which candidate do you think will carry this
state?' (VCF9028) then this question was not asked.
1976 NOTE:
same as 1972.
2004 NOTE:
A programming error early in the field period resulted in
52 respondents who replied DK to VCF9028 not being asked
VCF9029; these 52 cases are coded '99. NA' in 2004 data
file and '9. NA' here.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720028
1976: V763029
1980: V800058
1984: V840079
1988: V880101
1992: V923105
1996: V960384
2004: V043096
2012: preswin_closest
2016: V161149
===================================================================================================
VCF9030	

Contacted By Which Major Party

QUESTION:
---------
(1956,1960,1964,1966,1968: You know that) (other years exc. 1988,1996:
As you know,)  The political parties try to talk to as many people as
they can to get them to vote for their candidate(s).
Did anyone from one (1956,1960,1964,1966,1968:  either) of the political
parties call you up or come around and talk to you about the (1956,1960,
1964,1966,1968:  during the) campaign (1976ff:  this year)?
(IF YES:)  Which party was that (1956,1960:  were they from)?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes, contact: Democratic party
2. Yes, contact: Republican party
3. Yes, contact: both major parties
4. Yes, contact: other
5. Yes, contact: DK which party
6. Yes, contact: NA which party
7. No contact

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK if contact
9. NA if contact; no Post IW; form II,III,IV (1972); abbrev. telephone 
   IW (1984)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
See also VCF9030a,VCF9030b,VCF9030c.
GENERAL NOTE:
This was a Post variable.
1952 NOTE:
The 1952 version of this question was not comparable.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1956: V560221
1960: V600221
1964: V640325,V640326,V64032
1966: V660071,V660072,V660073,V66007
1968: V680401,V680402,V680403,V68040
1972: V720466,V72046
1974: V742193,V742194
1976: V763539,V763540
1978: V780464,V780465
1980: V800785,V800786
1982: V820464,V820465
1984: V840812,V84081
1986: V860309,V86031
1988: V880820,V880821
1990: V900361,V900362
1992: V925801,V925802
1994: V940801,V94080
1996: V961162,V961163
1998: V980349,V980350
2000: V001219,V001220
2002: V025005,V025006
2004: V045008,V045008
2012: mobilpo_party, mobilpo_wparty
2016: V162007,V162007a
===================================================================================================
VCF9030a	

Contacted By Any Major Party

QUESTION:
---------
Did PARTY contact R about election campaign?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes, contact by major party
2. No contact by major party;

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK if contact; contact but DK/NA which party
9. NA if contact; no Post IW; form II,III,IV (1972);  abbrev. telephone 
   IW (1984)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF9030 intro and notes.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1956: V560221
1960: V600221
1964: V640325,V640326,V64032
1966: V660071,V660072,V660073,V66007
1968: V680401,V680402,V680403,V68040
1972: V720466,V72046
1974: V742193,V742194
1976: V763539,V763540
1978: V780464,V780465
1980: V800785,V800786
1982: V820464,V820465
1984: V840812,V84081
1986: V860309,V86031
1988: V880820,V880821
1990: V900361,V900362
1992: V925801,V925802
1994: V940801,V940802
1996: V961162,V961163
1998: V980349,V980350
2000: V001219,V001220
2002: V025006
2004: V045008,V045008
2016: V162007,V162007a
===================================================================================================
VCF9030b	

Contacted By Democratic Party

QUESTION:
---------
Did Democratic Party contact R about election campaign

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes, contact by Democratic party
2. No contact by Democratic party

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK if contact; contact but DK/NA which party
9. NA if contact; no Post IW; form II,III,IV (1972);  abbrev. telephone 
   IW (1984)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF9030 intro and notes.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1956: V560221
1960: V600221
1964: V640325,V640326,V64032
1966: V660071,V660072,V660073,V66007
1968: V680401,V680402,V680403,V68040
1972: V720466,V72046
1974: V742193,V742194
1976: V763539,V763540
1978: V780464,V780465
1980: V800785,V800786
1982: V820464,V820465
1984: V840812,V84081
1986: V860309,V86031
1988: V880820,V880821
1990: V900361,V900362
1992: V925801,V925802
1994: V940801,V940802
1996: V961162,V961163
1998: V980349,V980350
2000: V001219,V001220
2002: V025006
2004: V045008,V045008
2012: mobilpo_wparty
2016: V162007,V162007a
===================================================================================================
VCF9030c	

Contacted By Republican Party

QUESTION:
---------
Did Republican Party contact R about election campaign

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes, contact by Republican party
2. No contact by Republican party

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK if contact; contact but DK/NA which party
9. NA if contact; no Post IW; form II,III,IV (1972);  abbrev. telephone 
   IW (1984)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF9030 intro and notes.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1956: V560221
1960: V600221
1964: V640325,V640326,V64032
1966: V660071,V660072,V660073,V66007
1968: V680401,V680402,V680403,V68040
1972: V720466,V72046
1974: V742193,V742194
1976: V763539,V763540
1978: V780464,V780465
1980: V800785,V800786
1982: V820464,V820465
1984: V840812,V84081
1986: V860309,V86031
1988: V880820,V880821
1990: V900361,V900362
1992: V925801,V925802
1994: V940801,V940802
1996: V961162,V961163
1998: V980349,V980350
2000: V001219,V001220
2002: V025006
2004: V045008,V045008
2012: mobilpo_wparty
2016: V162007,V162007a
===================================================================================================
VCF9031	

Contacted By Anyone Other than Parties

QUESTION:
---------
1980-2004: 
Other than someone from the two major parties, did anyone  else call you
up or come around and talk to you about supporting specific candidates
in this last election?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); Washington D.C.
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
This was a post variable.
1978 NOTE:
This question applied only to support of House candidates and was not
comparable in these two years.
1982 NOTE:
same as 1978

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800787
1984: V840814
1986: V860310
1988: V880822
1990: V900363
1992: V925802
1994: V940803
1996: V961164
1998: V980351
2000: V001221
2004: V045009
2012: mobilpo_contactoth
2016: V162008
===================================================================================================
VCF9032	

Hear Programs about Campaigns on the Radio 4-Category

QUESTION:
---------
Did you listen to any speeches or discussions about the campaign [2012: 
for President] on the radio?
(IF YES:) Would you say you listened to a good many, several, or just
one or two?
2016: How many speeches or discussions about the campaign for President did 
you listen to on the radio? None, just one or two, several, or a good many?

VALID CODES:
------------
0. None ('No')
1. Good many
3. Several
5. One or two

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK how many
9. NA how many; DK/NA whether listened to any; no Post IW; form II,III,IV
   (1972); abbrev. telephone IW (1984); short form or Spanish language 
   IW (1992)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
This was a post-election variable all years except 1988 and 1992.
1984 NOTE:
Code 0 includes 2 cases where R replied 'yes' that R had listened to
speeches/discussions on the radio but, when asked how many, replied
'none.'

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1960: V600192
1964: V640281
1968: V680296
1972: V720459,V72046
1976: V763600,V763601
1978: V780044,V780045
1980: V800745,V800746
1984: V840723,V84072
1986: V860060,V86006
1988: V880138,V880139
1992: V923208,V923209
1996: V961335,V961336
2000: V001647
2004: V045005,V045005
2012: mediapo_radio, mediapo_radioamt
2016: V162003
===================================================================================================
VCF9033	

Number of Days Read Newspaper in Last Week

QUESTION:
---------
How many days in the past week did you read a daily newspaper?
[2012: During a typical week, how many days do you read news in a
printed newspaper, not including sports?]

VALID CODES:
------------
0. None
1. One day
.
.
7. Every day

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA; short form or Spanish language IW (1992)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Actual number of days coded.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V840112
1986: V860069
1988: V880130
1990: V900071
1992: V923203
1994: V940125
1996: V960246
1998: V980202
2000: V000335
2002: V023004
2004: V043019
===================================================================================================
VCF9034	

Read Daily Newspaper

QUESTION:
---------
1974,1978,1980: 
Now let's switch to newspapers.
1976:
How about newspapers.
ALL YEARS:
Do you read a daily newspaper?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
This was a post-election variable.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1974: VV74204
1976: V763639
1978: V780058
1980: V800754
===================================================================================================
VCF9035	

Number of Days Watched National TV News in Past Week

QUESTION:
---------
How many days in the past week did you watch national news (1986: a
national news program) (1984,1988-1994: the news; 1996-2000: the
national news) (2002,2004: the national network news) on TV?
[2012: During a typical week, how many days do you watch national news
on TV, not including sports?]

VALID CODES:
------------
0. None
1. One day
.
.
7. Every day

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA; DK/NA if watches national network TV news (1984 only); short form or 
   Spanish language IW (1992)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
Actual number of days coded.
GENERAL NOTE:
This was a post variable in 1986 only.
1984 NOTE:
This variable was preceded by the question, 'How often do you watch the
national network news on TV...?' and if R replied that R watched
national network news at all, then R was asked how many days in the
past week R watched the news. NOTE:  distributions vary considerably.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V840108,V84011
1986: V860070
1990: V900072
1992: V923201
1994: V940126
1996: V960242
1998: V980204
2000: V000329
2002: V023002
2004: V043014
===================================================================================================
VCF9036	

Party with Senate Majority Before the Election

QUESTION:
---------
Do you happen to know which party had the most members in the U.S.
Senate before the election this/last month?  (IF NECESSARY: ) Which one?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Republicans - correct
2. Democrats   - correct
4. Republicans - incorrect
5. Democrats   - incorrect
7. Other (comments)
8. DK (No)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1982: V820525
1984: V841008
1986: V860350
1988: V880879
1990: V900403
1992: V925952
1994: V941013
1996: V961073
1998: V980480
2000: V001357
2004: V045090
===================================================================================================
VCF9037	

Government Should Ensure Fair Jobs for Blacks

QUESTION:
---------
Some people feel that if black people (1964,1968: negroes) are not
getting fair treatment in jobs, the government in Washington ought
to see to it that they do.  Others feel that this is not the federal
government's business.
Have you had enough interested in this question to favor one side over
the other?
1964,1968,1972:
(IF YES) How do you feel? Should the government in Washington see to
it that black people get fair treatment in jobs or should the
government in Washington leave these matters to the states and local
communities?
1986 AND LATER:
(IF YES) How do you feel? Should the government in Washington see to
it that black people get fair treatment in jobs or is this not the
federal government's business?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. See to it that black people get fair treatment in jobs
5. 1992 and later:  Not the federal government's business /
   1964,1968,1972: leave to the states and local communities
9. Other; depends; DK; no interest

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA opinion; DK/NA whether 'interested enough;' no Post IW; form A (1986)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
See also VCF0818.
GENERAL NOTE:
This variable combines data from question versions in which the second
response option differs.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1964: V640098
1968: V680073
1972: V720103,V72010
1986: V860505,V86050
1988: V880864,V880865
1992: V925937,V925938
1996: V961205,V961206
2000: V000799,V000800
2004: V045109,V045109
2012: fairjob_opin
===================================================================================================
VCF9038	

Guaranteed Equal Opportunity Is Not Government Job

QUESTION:
---------
1986: 
Please tell me how much you agree or disagree with the following
statement.  (RESPONDENT BOOKLET SHOWN TO R)  Do you agree strongly,
agree somewhat, neither agree nor disagree, disagree somewhat, or
disagree strongly with that statement?)
1988:
Now looking again at [respondent booklet] for your choices, here are
several more statements.  (RESPONDENT BOOKLET SHOWN TO R)
ALL YEARS;
'Equal opportunity for blacks and whites is very important but it's
not really the government's job to guarantee it.'

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Agree strongly
2. Agree somewhat
3. Neither agree nor disagree
4. Disagree somewhat
5. Disagree strongly
8. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
1988 NOTE:
Placement varied by form.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1986: V860522
1988: V880965
===================================================================================================
VCF9039	

Conditions Make it Difficult for Blacks to Succeed

QUESTION:
---------
1986,1990,1994: 
In past studies we have asked people why they think white people seem to
get more of the good things in life in America-- such as better jobs and
more money--than black people do.  These are some of the reasons given
by both blacks and whites.  Please tell me whether you agree or disagree
with each reason as to why white people seem to get more of the good
things in life.  (RESPONDENT BOOKLET SHOWN TO R).
1988,1992:
Now looking again at [respondent booklet] for your choices, here are
several more statements.  (RESPONDENT BOOKLET SHOWN TO R).
ALL YEARS:
'Generations of slavery and discrimination have created conditions
that make it difficult for blacks to work their way out of the lower
class.'

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Agree strongly
2. Agree somewhat
3. Neither agree nor disagree
4. Disagree somewhat
5. Disagree strongly
8. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; no Post IW; form A (1986); form B (1990)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
1972 NOTE:
The 1972 version of this question was not comparable.
1988 NOTE:
Placement varied by form.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1986: V860580
1988: V880964
1990: V900523
1992: V926129
1994: V941051
2000: V001511
2004: V045194
2012: resent_slavery
2016: V162212
===================================================================================================
VCF9040	

Blacks Should Not Have Special Favors to Succeed

QUESTION:
---------
2004: Now I'm going to read several more statements.  After each
one, I would like you to tell me how strongly you agree or disagree.
The first statement is:
ALL YEARS:
'Irish, Italians, Jewish and many other minorities overcame prejudice
and worked their way up.  Blacks should to the same without any
special favors.'

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Agree strongly
2. Agree somewhat
3. Neither agree nor disagree
4. Disagree somewhat
5. Disagree strongly
8. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; no Post IW; form A (1986); form B (1990)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See question text and notes VCF9039.
1988 NOTE:
Placement varied by form.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1986: V860568
1988: V880961
1990: V900521
1992: V926126
1994: V941049
1998: V980513
2000: V001508
2004: V045193
2016: V162211
===================================================================================================
VCF9041	

Blacks Must Try Harder to Succeed

'It's really a matter of some people not trying hard enough; if blacks
would only try harder they could be just as well off as whites.'

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Agree strongly
2. Agree somewhat
3. Neither agree nor disagree
4. Disagree somewhat
5. Disagree strongly
8. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; no Post IW; form A (1986); form B (1990)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See question text and notes VCF9039.
1972 NOTE:
The 1972 version of this question was not comparable.
See question text and notes VCF9039.
1988 NOTE:
Placement varied by form.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1986: V860579
1988: V880963
1990: V900522
1992: V926128
1994: V941050
2000: V001510
2004: V045196
2012: resent_try
2016: V162214
===================================================================================================
VCF9042	

Blacks Gotten Less than They Deserve Over the Past Few Years

'Over the past few years blacks have gotten less than they deserve.'

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Agree strongly
2. Agree somewhat
3. Neither agree nor disagree
4. Disagree somewhat
5. Disagree strongly
8. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; no Post IW; form A (1986); form B (1990)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See question text and notes VCF9039.
1988 NOTE:
Placement varied by form.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1986: V860566
1988: V880962
1990: V900520
1992: V926127
1994: V941048
1998: V980514
2000: V001509
2004: V045195
2012: resent_deserve
2016: V162213
===================================================================================================
VCF9043	

School Prayer Allowed 4-Category

QUESTION:
---------
Which of the following views comes closest to your opinion on the
issue of school prayer? [1996-LATER: Just give me the number of your
choice] (RESPONDENT BOOKLET SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. By law, prayer should not be allowed in public schools
2. The law should allow public schools to schedule time when children can pray 
     silently if they want to
3. The law should allow public schools to schedule time when children as a group 
     can say a general prayer not tied to a particular religious faith
4. By law, public schools should schedule a time when all children would say a 
     chosen Christian prayer
9. Other, DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. NA; no Post IW; form A (1990); short form IW (1992)
INAP. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1986: V860481
1988: V880866
1990: V900467
1992: V925945
1994: V941020
1996: V961214
1998: V980455
===================================================================================================
VCF9043a	

Strength of Opinion When School Prayer Allowed 4-Category

QUESTION:
---------
Which of the following views comes closest to your opinion on the
issue of school prayer? [1996-LATER: Just give me the number of your
choice] (RESPONDENT BOOKLET SHOWN TO R)]
Do you favor that choice strongly or not strongly?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Strongly
5. Not strongly

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA; other/DK/NA opinion (except 1990,1996); DK/NA opinion (1990,1996); 
   form A (1990); short form questionnaire (1992); no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
In all years except 1990 and 1996, this question was not asked
of respondents who gave an 'other' opinion about school prayer
(see VCF9043)

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1986: V860482
1988: V880867
1990: V900468
1992: V925946
1994: V941021
1996: V961215
1998: V980456
===================================================================================================
VCF9044	

Effect of Federal Economic Policies 7-Category

QUESTION:
---------
(1988 AND LATER: Over the past year) Would you say that the economic
policies of the federal government have made the nation's economy
better, worse, or haven't they made much difference either way?  (IF
BETTER/WORSE:) Would you say the economy is much better/worse or
somewhat better/worse?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Much better
2. Somewhat better
3. Same ('haven't made much difference')
4. Somewhat worse
5. Much worse
6. Better, DK/NA how much
7. Worse, DK/NA how much

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK if better/worse/same
9. NA if better/worse/same
INAP. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V840245
1986: V860374,V86037
1988: V880245,V880246
1992: V923541,V923542
1994: V940911,V940912
1996: V960391
===================================================================================================
VCF9044a	

Effect of Federal Economic Policies 3-Category

QUESTION:
---------
(1988,1992-LATER: Over the past year) Would you say that the economic
policies of the federal government have made the nation's economy
better, worse, or haven't they made much difference either way?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Better
2. Same ('haven't made much difference')
3. Worse
8. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
THIS IS A RECODE OF VCF9044: 1,2,6=1   3=2   4,5,7=3   8=8   9=9   0=0.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V840244
1986: V860374,V86037
1988: V880245,V880246
1992: V923541,V923542
1994: V940911,V940912
1996: V960390
===================================================================================================
VCF9045	

Position of the U.S. Weaker/Stronger in the Past Year

QUESTION:
---------
1958,1960,1964,1968: 
Would you say that in the past year or so our position in the world has
become stronger, less strong, or has it stayed about the same?
1984 AND 1984-LATER:
(2002,2004: Turning to some other issues facing the country) During
the past year, would you say that the United States' position in the
world has grown weaker, stayed about the same, or has it grown
stronger?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Weaker (1958,1960,1964,1968: less strong)
3. Same
5. Stronger
8. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA
INAP. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1958: V580058
1960: V600083
1964: V640137
1968: V680114
1984: V840246
1986: V860523
1988: V880252
1990: V900494
1992: V923601
1994: V941015
1996: V960409
1998: V980484
2000: V000507
2002: V023032
2004: V043112
2012: usworld_stronger
2016: V161152
===================================================================================================
VCF9046	

Federal Spending- Food Stamps

QUESTION:
---------
Food stamps

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Increased
2. Same
3. Decreased
7. Cut out entirely (volunteered)
8. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See federal spending question text and notes preceding VCF0886.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V841000
1986: V860330
1988: V880349
1990: V900382
1992: V923725
1994: V940822
1996: V960496
2000: V000679
===================================================================================================
VCF9047	

Federal Spending- Improve and Protect the Environment

QUESTION:
---------
Should federal spending on improving and protecting the environment (2000,2002: environmental 
protection; 2008,2012,2016: protecting the environment) be increased, decreased, or stay the same
2012: fedspend_enviro
V083151
V023052,5113,5113x

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Increased
2. Same
3. Decreased
7. Cut out entirely (volunteered)
8. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See federal spending question text and notes preceding VCF0886.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V840996
1986: V860327
1988: V880377
1990: V900377
1992: V923815
1994: V940817
1996: V960562
2000: V000682
2002: V025113
2016: V161212
===================================================================================================
VCF9048	

Federal Spending- Space/Science/Technology

QUESTION:
---------
1984,1992 and later: Science and technology
1986,1988: Space and scientific research
1990: the space program

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Increased
2. Same
3. Decreased
7. Cut out entirely (volunteered)
8. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See federal spending question text and notes preceding VCF0886.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V841003
1986: V860333
1988: V880380
1990: V900387
1992: V923812
2004: V043167
2008: V083143
2012: fedspend_scitech
2016: V161207
===================================================================================================
VCF9049	

Federal Spending- Social Security

QUESTION:
---------
Social Security

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Increased
2. Same
3. Decreased
7. Cut out entirely (volunteered)
8. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; no Post IW (1984); abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See federal spending question text and notes preceding VCF0886.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V840999
1986: V860329
1988: V880348
1990: V900380
1992: V923811
1994: V940819
1996: V960560
2000: V000681
2002: V025117
2004: V043165
2012: fedspend_ss
2016: V161205
===================================================================================================
VCF9050	

Federal Spending- Assistance to Blacks

QUESTION:
---------
Programs that assist blacks
1984: assistance to blacks
2002: aid to blacks

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Increased
2. Same
3. Decreased
7. Cut out entirely (volunteered)
8. DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See federal spending question text and notes preceding VCF0886.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V841005
1986: V860334
1988: V880381
1990: V900386
1992: V923729
2000: V000687
2002: V025119
===================================================================================================
VCF9051	

School Prayer Allowed 2-Category

QUESTION:
---------
Some people think it is all right for the public schools to start each
day with a prayer.  Others feel that religion does not belong in the
public schools but should be taken care of by the family and the
church.
Have you been interested enough in this to favor one side over the
other? (IF YES) Which do you think--schools should be allowed to start
each day with a prayer or religion does not belong in the schools?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Schools should be allowed to start with prayer
5. Religion does not belong in the school
8. Other; depends; both (1964-1968); DK; no interest

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA opinion; DK/NA if interested; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1964: V640081
1966: V660030
1968: V680458
1980: V801134,V801135
1984: V841037,V84103
===================================================================================================
VCF9052	

Are Things in U.S. Going Well or Not

QUESTION:
---------
Let's talk about the country as a whole.
Would you say that things in the country are generally going very
well, fairly well, not too well or not well at all?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Very well
2. Fairly well
4. Not too well
5. Not well at all

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA; Form B (1986)
INAP. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V840226
1986: V860540
1988: V880238
===================================================================================================
VCF9053	

Income Kept Up with Costs in Last Year

QUESTION:
---------
Do you think that over the last year your/your family's income has
gone up more than the cost of living, has it fallen behind, or has it
stayed about even with the cost of living?
(IF GONE UP OR FALLEN BEHIND) Has it (gone up/fallen behind) a lot or
(gone up/fallen behind) a little?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Gone up a lot
2. Gone up a little
3. Same
4. Fallen behind a little
5. Fallen behind a lot
6. Gone up, DK/NA how much
7. Fallen behind, DK/NA how much

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK if gone up/fallen behind/stayed same
9. NA if gone up/fallen behind/stayed same; Form B (1986)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
1980 NOTE:
The 1980 version of this variable was not comparable.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V840154,V84015
1986: V860362,V86036
1988: V880210,V880211
1992: V923429,V923430
===================================================================================================
VCF9054	

Senate Race in State

QUESTION:
---------
Checkpoint: Senate race in state of IW?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. U.S. Senate race in state
2. No U.S. Senate race in state

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. no Post IW; Washington D.C.
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
See Appendix NOTE 'STATES AND PARTIES OF ELECTIONS/CANDIDATES'.
GENERAL NOTE:
To determine whether a Senate race was held for no-post-IW cases, see
VCF9055 codes 0, 81-85.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780476
1980: V800833
1982: V820111
1984: V840060
1986: V860116
1988: V880578
1990: V900012,V900013,V900059
1992: V923022
1994: V940018
1996: V961090
1998: V980314
2000: V000204
2002: V024500b,V02504
2004: V044507
2012: prevote_senhhstate
2016: V161010e
===================================================================================================
VCF9055	

Type of U.S. Senate Race

QUESTION:
---------
Type of Senate race

VALID CODES:
------------
12. DEMOCRATIC INCUMBENT-  REPUBLICAN CHALLENGER
13. DEMOCRATIC INCUMBENT-  OTHER CHALLENGER
14. DEMOCRATIC INCUMBENT-  UNOPPOSED
19. DEMOCRATIC INCUMBENT-  REPUBLICAN AND OTHER CHALLENGERS
21. REPUBLICAN INCUMBENT-  DEMOCRATIC CHALLENGER
23. REPUBLICAN INCUMBENT-  OTHER CHALLENGER
24. REPUBLICAN INCUMBENT-  UNOPPOSED
29. REPUBLICAN INCUMBENT-  DEMOCRATIC AND OTHER CHALLENGERS
51. DEMOCRATIC CAND UNOPPOSED (Democratic incumbent not running)
52. REPUBLICAN CAND UNOPPOSED (Democratic incumbent not running)
55. DEMOCRATIC AND REPUBLICAN CANDS (Democratic incumbent not running)
59. DEMOCRATIC AND REPUBLICAN AND OTHER CANDS (Democratic incumbent not running)
61. DEMOCRATIC CAND UNOPPOSED (Republican incumbent not running)
62. REPUBLICAN CAND UNOPPOSED (Republican incumbent not running)
65. DEMOCRATIC AND REPUBLICAN CANDS (Republican incumbent not running)
69. DEMOCRATIC AND REPUBLICAN AND OTHER CANDS (Republican incumbent not running)
75. DEMOCRATIC AND REPUBLICAN CANDS (other incumbent not running)
81. 2 DEMOCRATIC INCUMBENTS:  NO RACE IN STATE
82. 2 REPUBLICAN INCUMBENTS:  NO RACE IN STATE
83. 1 DEMOCRATIC AND 1 OTHER INCUMBENT: NO RACE IN STATE
84. 1 REPUBLICAN AND 1 OTHER INCUMBENT: NO RACE IN STATE
85. 1 DEMOCRATIC AND 1 REPUBLICAN INCUMBENT: NO RACE IN STATE
95. 2 Senate elections in state [regular Senate election and special Senate 
      election] (1992: CA ONLY; note that regular Senate election is open race 
      with 2 nonincumbent candidates) (1994: TN ONLY)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
00. Washington D.C.; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Non-major-party candidates are not accounted for here unless they are
incumbents.
1984 NOTE:
1 case in Connecticut which was mistakenly coded 82 in the study data
has been corrected to 85 here.  Also 1 case in Pennsylvania in 1984
which was mistakenly coded 85 in the study data has been corrected to
82 here.
2002 NOTE:
LA05 cases, where a Democratic incumbent was challenged by 2
Republicans, has been coded to 12.
2016 NOTE:
In 2016 two Democratic candidates ran in the California Senate election;
typerace is coded 51.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780005
1980: V800741
1982: V820007
1984: V840010,V84006
1986: V860044
1988: V880012,V880051
1990: V900059
1992: V923022
1994: V940018
1996: V960098
1998: V980066
2000: V000204
2002: V024500
2004: V044507
2012: typerace2012_sen
2016: V161010e
===================================================================================================
VCF9056	

Thermometer - Senate Democratic Candidate

QUESTION:
---------
Senate Democratic candidate - feeling thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
0-100. Degrees as given

MISSING CODES:
--------------
990. No Democratic candidate
996. No race in state; Washington D.C.
997. R doesn't recognize name
998. DK where to rate; can't judge (2016: FTF only)
999. NA; refused; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
GENERAL NOTE:
If there was no senate race in state AND no post IW, then 999 (no
post) has been coded.
1992 NOTE:
In California in 1992, the regular Senate election and a second
'special' Senate election were held.  This variable codes data for the
Democratic candidate in the regular Senate election only.
1994 NOTE:
same as 1992, for Tennessee
2016 NOTE:
Web respondents who did  not recognize or know where to rate the candidate
were instructed to skip the question and are included in code 999. Code
999 also includes 51 cases of preload failure for candidate name.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V782001
1980: V800848
1982: V820126
1986: V860131
1988: V880596
1990: V900140
1992: V925304
1994: V940231
1998: V980241
2000: V001301
2002: V025047
2004: V044507,V045050
2012: ftpo_sdc
2016: V162085
===================================================================================================
VCF9057	

Thermometer - Senate Republican Candidate

QUESTION:
---------
Senate Republican candidate - feeling thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
0-100. Degrees as given

MISSING CODES:
--------------
990. No Republican candidate
996. No race in state; Washington D.C.
997. R doesn't recognize name
998. DK where to rate; can't judge
999. NA; refused; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
GENERAL NOTE:
If there was no senate race in state AND no post IW, then 999 (no
post) has been coded.
1992 NOTE:
In California in 1992, the regular Senate election and a second
'special' Senate election were held.  This variable codes data for the
Democratic candidate in the regular Senate election only.
1994 NOTE:
same as 1992, for Tennessee
2016 NOTE:
Web respondents who did  not recognize or know where to rate the candidate
were instructed to skip the question and are included in code 999. Code
999 also includes 51 cases of preload failure for candidate name and
includes 40 cases where a FTF programming error caused the instrument to
skip the question.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V782002
1980: V800849
1982: V820127
1986: V860132
1988: V880597
1990: V900141
1992: V925305
1994: V940232
1998: V980242
2000: V001302
2002: V025048,V025049
2004: V044507,V045051
2012: ftpo_src
2016: V162086
===================================================================================================
VCF9058	

Thermometer - Senate Incumbent Candidate

QUESTION:
---------
Senate incumbent candidate - feeling thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
0-100. Degrees as given

MISSING CODES:
--------------
990. No incumbent candidate
996. No race in state; Washington D.C.
997. R doesn't recognize name
998. DK where to rate; can't judge
999. NA; refused; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
Built from VCF9056 and VCF9057.
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
GENERAL NOTE:
If there was no senate race in state AND no post IW, then 999 (no
post) has been coded. If there was no senate race in state AND no post
IW, then 999 (no post) has been coded.
1992 NOTE:
In California in 1992, the regular Senate election and a second
'special' Senate election were held.  This variable codes data for the
Democratic candidate in the regular Senate election only.
1994 NOTE:
same as 1992, for Tennessee

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF9059	

Thermometer - Senate Challenger

QUESTION:
---------
Senate challenger to incumbent candidate - feeling thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
0-100. Degrees as given

MISSING CODES:
--------------
990. No incumbent candidate; incumbent candidate is unopposed
996. No race in state; Washington D.C.
997. R doesn't recognize name
998. DK where to rate; can't judge
999. NA; refused; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
Built from VCF9056 and VCF9057.
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
GENERAL NOTE:
If there was no senate race in state AND no post IW, then 999 (no
post) has been coded. If there was no senate race in state AND no post
IW, then 999 (no post) has been coded.
1992 NOTE:
In California in 1992, the regular Senate election and a second
'special' Senate election were held.  This variable codes data for the
Democratic candidate in the regular Senate election only.
1994 NOTE:
same as 1992, for Tennessee
2016 NOTE:
Correction to 2016 data are in progress and will be provided in a future
release.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF9060	

Thermometer - Senator in State with Senate Race

QUESTION:
---------
Senator not up for re-election in state with Senate race - feeling
thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
0-100. Degrees as given

MISSING CODES:
--------------
996. No race in state; Washington D.C.; 2 senate races: CA (1992 ONLY), TN 
     (1994 ONLY)
997. R doesn't recognize name
998. DK where to rate; can't judge
999. NA; refused; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix NOTE 'STATES AND PARTIES OF ELECTIONS/CANDIDATES'.
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
2016 NOTE:
Web respondents who did  not recognize or know where to rate the person
were instructed to skip the question and are included in code 999. Code
999 also includes 51 cases of preload failure for candidate name and
includes 41 cases where a FTF programming error caused the instrument to
skip the question.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780145
1980: V800854
1982: V820131
1986: V860133
1988: V880598
1990: V900142
1992: V925308
1994: V940235
2004: V044507,V044511b,V045055
2016: V162090
===================================================================================================
VCF9061	

Thermometer - Senator 1 in State with No Senate Race)

QUESTION:
---------
First Senator in state without Senate race - feeling thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
0-100. Degrees as given

MISSING CODES:
--------------
996. Race in state; Washington D.C.; 2 Senate races: CA (1992 ONLY), TN
     (1994 ONLY)
997. R doesn't recognize name
998. DK where to rate; can't judge
999. NA; refused; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix NOTE 'STATES AND PARTIES OF ELECTIONS/CANDIDATES'.
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780148
1980: V800852
1982: V820129
1986: V860134
1988: V880600
1990: V900143
1992: V925309
1994: V940236
2004: V044507,V045053
===================================================================================================
VCF9062	

Thermometer - Senator 2 in State with No Senate Race)

QUESTION:
---------
Second Senator in state without Senate race - feeling thermometer

VALID CODES:
------------
0-100. Degrees as given

MISSING CODES:
--------------
996. Race in state; Washington D.C.; 2 Senate races: CA (1992 ONLY), TN 
     (1994 ONLY)
997. R doesn't recognize name
998. DK where to rate; can't judge
999. NA; refused; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix NOTE 'STATES AND PARTIES OF ELECTIONS/CANDIDATES'.
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780149
1980: V800853
1982: V820130
1986: V860135
1988: V880599
1990: V900144
1992: V925310
1994: V940237
2004: V044507,V045054
===================================================================================================
VCF9063	

Recall Names of U.S. Senate Candidates

QUESTION:
---------
ALL YEARS EXCEPT 1992 CALIFORNIA ONLY: 
How about the candidates who ran in this state for the United States
Senate in Washington? Do you happen to remember what the candidates'
names were?
1992 CALIFORNIA ONLY:
As you know, there were two Senate races in California this year.  Do
you happen to remember what the candidates' names were?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No; DK

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; no Post IW; Washington D.C.
0. No Senate race in state
INAP. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1974: VV74217
1978: V780126
1980: V800834
1982: V820112
1986: V860117
1988: V880579
1990: V900121
1992: V925202,V925215
===================================================================================================
VCF9064	

Recall Correct Name of U.S. Senate Candidate

QUESTION:
---------
How about the candidates who ran in this state for the United States
Senate in Washington?  Do you happen to remember what the candidates'
names were?  /
(1992 CALIFORNIA ONLY: )  As you know, there were two Senate races in
California this year.  Do you happen to remember what the candidates'
names were
ALL YEARS:
Who were they?  (1ST MENTION)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. NAME: valid,   PARTY: correct
2. NAME: valid,   PARTY: incorrect
3. NAME: valid,   PARTY: DK/NA
4. NAME: invalid, PARTY: any
5. NAME: invalid, PARTY: DK/NA
6. NAME: DK/NA,   PARTY: any
7. NAME: DK,      PARTY: DK/NA;
   NAME: NA,      PARTY: DK  (except 1978);
   R says that s/he recalls no names (5 in VCF9063)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. Abbrev. telephone IW (1984); no Post IW; Washington D.C.; NA if remembers
   any names (9 in VCF9063)
0. No Senate race in state
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
1974 NOTE:
1974 data are not coded comparably.
1978 NOTE:
NA in code 9 also includes 'NA name, DK party.'
1992 NOTE:
In California in 1992, in addition to the regular Senate election a
second 'special' Senate election was held and 4 --rather than 3 --
Senate recall mentions were coded for CA only in the original data.
For 1992 CA cases, CDF vars VCF9064-9066 are coded only for mentions
which are not mentions of 'special' election candidates (not candidate
'93' nor '94' in the original study data).  If a 1992 California
respondent has recall but R's ONLY mention(s) refer to the special
election candidates, then 8 has been coded in VCF9064-9066 [98 in
VCF9067].

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780129
1980: V800837
1982: V820115
1986: V860121
1988: V880583
1990: V900125
1992: V925206,V925216,V92521
===================================================================================================
VCF9065	

Recall Correct Name of U.S. Senate Candidate

QUESTION:
---------
How about the candidates who ran in this state for the United States
Senate in Washington?  Do you happen to remember what the candidates'
names were?
Who were they?  (2ND MENTION)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. NAME: valid,   PARTY: correct
2. NAME: valid,   PARTY: incorrect
3. NAME: valid,   PARTY: DK/NA
4. NAME: invalid, PARTY: any
5. NAME: invalid, PARTY: DK/NA
6. NAME: DK/NA,   PARTY: any
7. NAME: DK,      PARTY: DK/NA;
   NAME: NA,      PARTY: DK  (1978 only)
   R says that s/he recalls no names (5 in VCF9063);
   R only has recall(s) for 'special' election (1992, CA only); 
   no second mention

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. Abbrev. telephone IW (1984); no Post IW; Washington D.C.
0. No Senate race in state
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See notes VCF9064.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780132
1980: V800840
1982: V820118
1986: V860125
1988: V880587
1990: V900129
1992: V925210,V925223
===================================================================================================
VCF9066	

Recall Correct Name of U.S. Senate Candidate

QUESTION:
---------
How about the candidates who ran in this state for the United States
Senate in Washington?  Do you happen to remember what the candidates'
names were?
Who were they?  (3RD MENTION)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. NAME: valid,   PARTY: correct
2. NAME: valid,   PARTY: incorrect
3. NAME: valid,   PARTY: DK/NA
4. NAME: invalid, PARTY: any
5. NAME: invalid, PARTY: DK/NA
6. NAME: DK/NA,   PARTY: any
7. NAME: DK,      PARTY: DK/NA;
   NAME: NA,      PARTY: DK  (1978 only)
   R says that s/he recalls no names (5 in VCF9063);
   R only has recall(s) for 'special' election (1992, CA only); 
   no third mention

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. Abbrev. telephone IW (1984); no Post IW; Washington D.C.
0. No Senate race in state
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See notes VCF9064.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780135
1980: V800843
1982: V820121
1986: V860129
1988: V880591
1990: V900133
1992: V925214,V925227
===================================================================================================
VCF9067	

Number of Recalled Names of U.S. Senate Candidates

QUESTION:
---------
Summary:  number of corrent recalls-- U.S. Senate candidates

VALID CODES:
------------
NONAME CORRECT
00. R's recall of any name(s) incorrect/DK/NA and any
    party mention(s) mention incorrect/DK/NA; R says s/he
    recalls no names; R only has recall(s) for 'special'
    election (1992, CA only)
ONE CORRECT NAME
10. R's recall correct for one name; party mention
    incorrect/DK/NA
11. R's recall correct for one name; party mention correct
TWO CORRECT NAMES
20. R's recall correct for 2 names; both party mentions
    incorrect/DK/NA
21. R's recall correct for 2 names; one party mention
    correct
22. R's recall correct for 2 names; both party mentions
    correct
THREE CORRECT NAMES
30. R's recall correct for 3 names; all party mentions
    incorrect/DK/NA
31. R's recall correct for 3 names; one party mention
    correct
32. R's recall correct for 3 names; two party mentions
    correct
33. R's recall correct for 3 names; three party mentions
    correct

MISSING CODES:
--------------
97.No Senate race in state
99. Abbrev. telephone IW (1984); no Post IW; Washington D.C.
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Built from VCF9063-VCF9066

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF9069	

Strength Approve/Disapprove Running U.S. House Incumbent

QUESTION:
---------
In general, do you approve or disapprove of the way [running U.S. House
incumbent Representative] has been handling his/her job?
(IF APPROVE/DISAPPROVE) Do you approve/disapprove strongly or approve/
disapprove not strongly?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Approve strongly
2. Approve not strongly
4. Disapprove not strongly
5. Disapprove strongly
8. DK strongly or not strongly; DK if approve/ disapprove (8 in VCF0991)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA strongly or not strongly; NA if approve/ disapprove; no Post IW 
   (presidential years); short form (1992)
0. No running incumbent (includes Washington D.C.)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
This is a follow-up to VCF0991.
GENERAL NOTE:
If the U.S. House representative in R's district was NOT running for
re-election (i.e., was 'retiring'), then this question does not apply
(0 coded).
If there was no running incumbent and no post IW, then 9 (no post) has
been coded.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800973
1986: V860354
1988: V880790
1990: V900404,V900405
1992: V925710,V925711
1994: V940637,V940638
1996: V961124
1998: V980326,V980327
2000: V001361
2004: V045091,V045092,V045092
2012: hseinc_approval_x
2016: V162114x
===================================================================================================
VCF9070	

Agreement w/ Running House Incumbent's Legislative Votes

QUESTION:
---------
Now we would like your opinion about the way [running U.S. House
incumbent representative] has voted on bills that have come up in the
U.S. House of Representatives in Washington.
1982: 
Would you say that you generally agreed or generally disagreed with the
way he/she has voted on bills, have you agreed sometimes but disagreed
others, or haven't you thought much about this?
1986,1988:
Would you say that you have generally agreed with the way he/she has
voted on bills, agreed and disagreed about equally, generally disagreed,
or haven't paid much attention to this?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Agreed
3. Agreed and disagreed about equally (1982: Agree sometimes, disagree sometimes)
5. Disagreed

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. Haven't paid much attention (1986,1988); haven't thought much about 
   this (1982)
9. NA; no Post IW
0. No running incumbent (includes Washington D.C.)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
If the U.S. House representative in R's district was NOT running for
re-election (i.e., was 'retiring'), then this question does not
apply   (0 coded).
If there was no running incumbent and no post IW, then 9 (no post) has
been coded.
1978 NOTE:
The 1978 version of this variable was not coded comparably.
1982 NOTE:
Study data included variables for 2 running incumbents due to
redistricting in two congressional districts (19 cases affected).  For
this year, the running incumbent who represented R's sampling location
BEFORE the 1982 redistricting has been considered R's 'incumbent' for
Cumulative Data File definition.  See NOTE VCF0902 describing the
congressional districts affected and designation of candidates as the
(running) 'incumbent.'

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1982: V820207,V820244,V820261
1986: V860294
1988: V880794
===================================================================================================
VCF9071	

Remember Running U.S. House Incumbent Vote on Any Bill

QUESTION:
---------
Was there any bill in particular that you remember how [House running
incumbent] voted on in the last couple of years?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA; no Post IW
0. No running incumbent (includes Washington D.C.); NJ01 (1990)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
If the U.S. House representative in R's district was NOT running for
re-election (i.e., was 'retiring'), then this question does not apply
(0 coded).
If there was no running incumbent and no post IW, then 9 (no post) has
been coded.
1990 NOTE:
for New Jersey congressional district 01, the U.S. Representative was
neither 'retiring' nor running at the time of the 1990 general
elections.  The Representative from NJ01 had campaigned for and been
elected to another office in 1989, and the office of Representative was
not (in effect) occupied until after the 1990 elections (code 0).
1978 NOTE:
The 1978 version of this variable were not comparable.
1982 NOTE:
same as 1978.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1986: V860295
1988: V880795
1990: V900058,V900314
===================================================================================================
VCF9072	

Agree With Running U.S. House Incumbent Vote on Bill

QUESTION:
---------
Was there any bill in particular that you remember how s/he [House
running incumbent] voted on in the last couple of years?
(IF YES) Did you agree or disagree with the way s/he voted on that bill?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Agreed
5. Disagreed

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA; no Post IW
0. No running incumbent (includes Washington D.C.); R does not remember or
   DK/NA if remembers any House votes (5,8,9 in VCF9071)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
If the U.S. House representative in R's district was NOT running for
re-election (i.e., was 'retiring'), then this question does not apply
(0 coded).
If there was no running incumbent and no post IW, then 9 (no post) has
been coded.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1986: V860296
1988: V880796
1990: V900058,V900315
===================================================================================================
VCF9073	

President on Defense Spending Scale

QUESTION:
---------
Some people believe that we should spend much less money for defense.
2004: 
Please look at page [page] of the booklet.
Some people believe that we should spend much less money
for defense. Suppose these people are at one end of a scale,
at point 1. Others feel that defense spending should be greatly
increased. Suppose these people are at the other end, at point 7.
And, of course, some other people have opinions somewhere
in between, at points 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6. Where would you place
[president] on this issue?
ALL YEARS:
Others feel that defense spending should be greatly increased.
Where would you place [president] on this scale?  (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN
TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Greatly decrease defense spending
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Greatly increase defense spending

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA; short-form or Spanish language IW (1992)
0. R self-rating is DK or 'haven't thought much about it' on same 7pt scale
   not 1996)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
In all years before 1996, if R replied DK or 'haven't thought much
about it' or if his/her response was NA in rating self on this same 7-
point scale, then R was not asked this question.
Presidents:  Jimmy Carter 1980; Ronald Reagan 1982,1984,1986,1988;
George Bush Sr. 1990,1992; Bill CLinton 1996; George W. Bush, 2004.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800282
1982: V820408
1984: V840396
1986: V860406
1988: V880317
1990: V900440
1992: V923708
1996: V960466
2004: V043144
===================================================================================================
VCF9074	

President on Cooperation with USSR Scale

QUESTION:
---------
1980: 
Some people feel it is important for us to try very hard to get along
with Russia.  Others feel it is a big mistake to try too hard to get
along with Russia.
1984,1988:
Some people feel it is important for us to try to cooperate more with
Russia, while others believe we should be much tougher in our dealings
with Russia.
ALL YEARS:
Where would you place [president] on this scale?  (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN
TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Cooperate more/try to get along with Russia
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Get much tougher/big mistake to try to get along with Russia

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA; no Post IW
0. R self-rating is DK or 'haven't thought much about it' on same 7pt scale
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTE VCF9073.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V801079
1984: V840409
1988: V880375
===================================================================================================
VCF9075	

President on Women's Equal Role Scale

QUESTION:
---------
2004: 
Please look at page [page] of the booklet.
Recently there has been a lot of talk about women's
rights. Some people feel that women should have an equal
role with men in running business, industry, and
government. (Suppose these people are at one end of a scale,
at point 1.) Others feel that a woman's place is in the
home. (Suppose these people are at the other end, at
point 7.) And, of course, some other people have opinions
somewhere in between, at points 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.
Where would you place [president] (on this issue)?
ALL YEARS:
Recently there has been a lot of talk about women's rights.  Some
people feel that women should have an equal role with men in running
business, industry and government.  Others feel that women's place is
in the home.
Where would you place [president] on this scale?  (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN
TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Women and men should have an equal role
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Women's place is in the home

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA; no Post IW
0. R self-rating is DK or 'haven't thought much about it' on same 7pt scale
   not 1996 or later)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTE VCF9073.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720233
1976: V763788
1978: V780390
1980: V801095
1982: V820436
1988: V880392
1996: V960544
1998: V980449
2004: V043198
===================================================================================================
VCF9076	

President on Aid to Blacks Scale

QUESTION:
---------
1970-1984,1988 FORM B: 
Some people feel that the government in Washington should make every
possible effort to improve the social and economic position of blacks
(1970: negroes) and other minority groups (1980: even if it means giving
them preferential treatment).  Others feel that the government should
not make any special effort ot help minorities because they should help
themselves.
1988 FORM A, 1990 AND LATER:
Some people feel that the government in Washington should make every
possible effort to improve the social and economic position of blacks.
Others feel that the government should not make any special effort to
help blacks because they should help themselves.
2004:
Please look at page [page] of the booklet.
Some people feel that the government in Washington
should make every effort to improve the social and
economic position of blacks. (Suppose these people are
at one end of a scale, at point 1.)  Others feel that
the government should not make any special effort to
help blacks because they should help themselves.
(Suppose these people are at the other end, at point 7.)
And, of course, some other people have opinions
somewhere in between, at points 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.
Where would you place [president] on this issue?
ALL YEARS:
Where would you place [president] on this scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Government should help minority blacks/minorities
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Blacks/minorities should help themselves

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA; no Post IW; telephone IW (2000)
0. R self-rating is DK or 'haven't thought much about it' on same 7pt scale 
   (1972-1984,1988, 1990); R self-rating is 'haven't thought much about
   it' (1970)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTE VCF9073.
ADDITIONAL NOTE:
Note that form B in 1988 and all previous years specified 'blacks and
other minorities' in this question while form A in 1988 and all cases
in 1990 specified only 'blacks.'  To filter for form A/B responses,
use variableVCF0012.
2000 NOTE:
Telephone respondents were asked a branching series and are excluded
here.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1970: V700109(type 0)
1972: V720630
1974: VV74229
1976: V763265
1978: V780374
1980: V801063
1982: V820416
1984: V840383
1988: V880339(form A),V880347(form B)
1990: V90044
1994: V940937
1996: V960490
2000: V000646
2004: V043160
2012: aidblack_dpc
===================================================================================================
VCF9077	

President on Government Health Insurance Scale

QUESTION:
---------
There is much concern about the rapid rise in medical and hospital
costs.
Some people feel there should be a government insurance plan which
would cover all medical and hospital expenses (1994: for everyone).
Others feel that medical expenses should be paid by individuals, and
through private insurance[1996: plans] like Blue Cross (1994: or
[1996:some] other company paid plans).
Where would you place [president] on this scale?  (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN
TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Government insurance plan
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Private insurance plan

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA; Form II (1972)
0. R self-rating is DK or 'haven't thought much about it' on same 7pt scale 
   (1972,1976,1978); R self-rating is 'haven't thought much about it' (1970)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTE VCF9073.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1970: V700137(type 0)
1972: V720209
1976: V763274
1978: V780382
1994: V940951
1996: V960480
2012: inspre_dpc
===================================================================================================
VCF9078	

President on Government Spending/Services Scale

QUESTION:
---------
2004: 
Please look at page [page] of the booklet.
Some people think the government should provide fewer
services even in areas such as health and education
in order to reduce spending. Suppose these people are at
one end of a scale, at point 1. Other people feel it is
important for the government to provide many more services
even if it means an increase in spending.  Suppose these
people are at the other end, at point 7.  And, of course,
some other people have opinions somewhere in between, at
points 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.
Where would you place [president] on this issue?
ALL YEARS:
Some people think the government should provide fewer services, even
in areas such as health and education, in order to reduce spending.
Other people feel that it is important for the government to provide
many more services even if it means an increase in spending.
Where would you place [president] on this scale?  (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN
TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Government should provide many fewer services: Reduce spending a lot
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Government should provide many more services: Increase spending a lot

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA; short-form or Spanish language IW (1992); telephone IW (2000)
0. R self-rating is DK or 'haven't thought much about it' on same 7pt scale 
   all years  before 1996)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTE VCF9073.
2000 NOTE:
Telephone respondents were asked a branching series and are excluded
here.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1982: V820444
1984: V840376
1986: V860449
1988: V880309
1990: V900453
1992: V923702
1994: V940941
1996: V960453
1998: V980464
2000: V000551
2004: V043138
2012: spsrvpr_ssdpc
===================================================================================================
VCF9079	

President on Guaranteed Jobs and Living Scale

QUESTION:
---------
Please look at page 9 of the booklet.
Some people feel the government in Washington should see
to it that every person has a job and a good standard of
living. Suppose these people are at one end of a scale,
at point 1. Others think the government should just let
each person get ahead on their own. Suppose these people
are at the other end, at point 7. And, of course, some
other people have opinions somewhere in between, at
points 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.
Where would you place [president] on this issue?
ALL YEARS: 
Some people feel that the government in Washington should see to it
that every person has a job and a good standard of living.  Others
think the government should just let each person ahead on his own.
And, of course, other people have opinions somewhere in between.
Where would you place [president] on this scale?  (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN
TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Government see to job and good standard of living
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Government let each person get ahead on his own

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK; haven't thought much about it
9. NA; no Post IW; form II (1972); short-form or Spanish language IW (1992)
0. R self-rating is DK or 'haven't thought much about it' on same 7pt 
   scale (all yrs. exc. 1992,1996 and later)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTE VCF9073.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720173
1974: VV74226
1976: V763242
1978: V780358
1980: V801111
1982: V820426
1984: V840415
1988: V880330
1992: V923719
1994: V940931
1996: V960484
1998: V980458
2004: V043154
2012: guarpr_dpc
===================================================================================================
VCF9080	

President on Liberal-Conservative Scale

QUESTION:
---------
We hear a lot of talk these days about liberals and conservatives.
I'm going to [1996-LATER: Here is a] show you a 7-point scale on which
the political views that people might hold are arranged from extremely
liberal to extremely conservative.  (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Where would you place [president] on this scale?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Extremely liberal
2. Liberal
3. Slightly liberal
4. Moderate; middle of the road
5. Slightly conservative
6. Conservative
7. Extremely conservative

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA; no Post IW; forms III, IV (1972); R selected for branching version 
   of this question
0. DK/Haven't thought about self-rating on same 7pt scale [see above] 
   (not 1996 or later)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTE VCF9073.
2000 NOTE:
Telephone respondents were asked a branching series and are excluded
here.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720653
1974: VV74230
1976: V763287
1978: V780400
1980: V800268
1982: V820394
1984: V840371
1986: V860387
1988: V880236
1990: V900408
1992: V923514
1994: V940841
1996: V960369
1998: V980403
2000: V000448
2004: V043087
2012: libcpre_dpc
===================================================================================================
VCF9081	

Democratic Presidential Cand- Defense Spending Scale

QUESTION:
---------
2004: 
Please look at page [page] of the booklet.
Some people believe that we should spend much less money
for defense. Suppose these people are at one end of a scale,
at point 1. Others feel that defense spending should be greatly
increased. Suppose these people are at the other end, at point 7.
And, of course, some other people have opinions somewhere
in between, at points 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.
Where would you place [the Democratic Presidential Candidate]
(on this issue)?
ALL YEARS:
Some people believe that we should spend much less money for defense.
Others feel that defense spending should be greatly increased.
Where would you place [the Democratic Presidential Candidate] on this
scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Greatly decrease defense spending
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Greatly increase defense spending

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA; short-form or Spanish language IW (1992); telephone IW (2000)
0. R self-rating is DK or 'haven't thought much about it' (before 1996)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Democratic Presidential candidates:  McGovern 1972; Carter 1976, 1980;
Mondale 1984; Dukakis 1988; Clinton 1992, 1996; Gore 2000.
In years prior to 1996, if R replied DK or 'haven't thought
much about it' rating self on same 7-point scale, then R was not asked
this question.
In 1996 and later, randomization occurred for the order of the major
Presidential candidate names for this placement.
2000 NOTE:
Telephone respondents were administered a branching series instead and
are excluded here.
2012 NOTE:
The 7-point scale used in 2012 was not comparable.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800282
1984: V840397
1988: V880311
1992: V923709
1996: V960466
2000: V000588
2004: V043145
2016: V161182
===================================================================================================
VCF9082	

Democratic Presidential Cand- Cooperation with U.S.S.R. Scale

QUESTION:
---------
1980: 
Some people feel it is important for us to try very hard
to get along with Russia. Others feel it is a big mistake to try too
hard to get along with Russia.
1984,1988:
Some people feel it is important for us to try to cooperate more with
Russia, while others believe we should be much tougher in our dealings
with Russia.
ALL YEARS:
Where would you place [the Democratic Presidential Candidate] on this
scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Try to cooperate more with Russia (1984,1988)/
     Important to try very hard to get along with Russia(1980)
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Get much tougher with Russia (1984,1988)/Big mistake to try 
     too hard to get along with Russia

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTE VCF9081.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V801079
1984: V840410
1988: V880369
===================================================================================================
VCF9083	

Democratic Presidential Cand- Women Equal Role Scale

QUESTION:
---------
2004: 
Please look at page [page] of the booklet.
Recently there has been a lot of talk about women's
rights. Some people feel that women should have an equal
role with men in running business, industry, and
government. (Suppose these people are at one end of a scale,
at point 1.) Others feel that a woman's place is in the
home. (Suppose these people are at the other end, at
point 7.) And, of course, some other people have opinions
somewhere in between, at points 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.
Where would you place [the Democratic presidential
candidate] (on this issue)?
ALL YEARS:
Recently there has been a lot of talk about women's rights. Some
people feel that women should have an equal role with men in running
business, industry, and government. Others feel that women's place is
in the home.
Where would you place [the Democratic Presidential Candidate] on this
scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Women and men should have an equal role
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Women's place is in the home

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA; no Post IW; telephone IW (2000)
0. R self-rating is DK or 'haven't thought much about it' (before 1996)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTE VCF9081.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720234
1976: V763789
1980: V801095
1988: V880388
1996: V960544
2000: V000761
2004: V043199
===================================================================================================
VCF9084	

Democratic Presidential Cand- Aid to Blacks Scale

QUESTION:
---------
1972,1976,1980,1984 and 1988 FORM B: 
Some people feel that the government in Washington should make every
(1972, 1976: possible) effort to improve the social and economic
position of blacks and other minority groups (1988 B: other minorities)
(1980: even if it means giving the preferential treatment). Others feel
that the government should not make any special effort to help
minorities because they should help themselves.
1988 Form A, 1996 AND LATER:
Some people feel that the government in Washington should make every
effort to improve the social and economic position of blacks. Others
feel that the government should not make any special effort to help
blacks because they should help themselves.
2004:
Please look at page [page] of the booklet.
Some people feel that the government in Washington
should make every effort to improve the social and
economic position of blacks. (Suppose these people are
at one end of a scale, at point 1.)  Others feel that
the government should not make any special effort to
help blacks because they should help themselves.
(Suppose these people are at the other end, at point 7.)
And, of course, some other people have opinions
somewhere in between, at points 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.
Where would you place [the Democratic presidential
candidate] (on this issue)?
ALL YEARS:
Where would you place [the Democratic Presidential Candidate] on this
scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Government should help Blacks/minorities
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Blacks/minorities should help themselves

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA; no Post IW; telephone IW (2000)
0. R self-rating is DK or 'haven't thought much about it' (before 1996)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTE VCF9081.
1988 NOTE:
Form A asked about 'blacks' only, while Form B asked about 'blacks and
other minorities' (to filter for Form A/B responses, use variable
VCF0012).

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720631
1976: V763266
1980: V801063
1984: V840384
1988: V880333,V880341
1996: V960490
2000: V000651
2004: V043161
2012: aidblack_dpc
2016: V161199
===================================================================================================
VCF9085	

Democratic Presidential Cand- Government Health Insurance Scale

QUESTION:
---------
There is much concern about the rapid rise in medical and hospital
costs. Some feel there should be a government insurance plan which
would cover all medical and hospital expenses. Others feel that
medical expenses should be paid by individuals, and through private
insurance like Blue Cross.
Where would you place [the Democratic Presidential Candidate]  on this
scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Government insurance plan
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Private insurance plan

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA; Form II (1972)
0. 'Haven't thought much about it' for Democratic candidate's rating (1988  
   only) ; R self-rating is DK or 'haven't thought much about it' on same 
   7pt scale (1972,1976)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTE VCF9081.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720210
1976: V763275
1988: V880319
1996: V960480
2012: inspre_dpc
2016: V161185
===================================================================================================
VCF9086	

Democratic Presidential Cand- Government Services-Spending Scale

QUESTION:
---------
2004: 
Please look at page [page] of the booklet.
Some people think the government should provide fewer
services even in areas such as health and education
in order to reduce spending. Suppose these people are at
one end of a scale, at point 1. Other people feel it is
important for the government to provide many more services
even if it means an increase in spending.  Suppose these
people are at the other end, at point 7. And, of course,
some other people have opinions somewhere in between,
at points 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.
Where would you place [the Democratic presidential
candidate] (on this issue)?
ALL YEARS:
Some people think the government should provide fewer services, even
in areas such as health and education in order to reduce spending.
Other people feel it is important for the government to provide many
more services even if it means an increase in spending.
Where would you place [the Democratic Presidential Candidate] on this
scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Gov't provide many fewer servcies, reduce spending a lot
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Gov't provide many more services, increase spending a lot

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA; short-form or Spanish language IW (1992); telephone IW (2000)
0. R self-rating is DK or 'haven't thought much about it' on same 7pt scale 
   (before 1996)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTE VCF9081.
1980 NOTE:
The 1980 version of the question in not comparable.
1984 NOTE:
In 1984 this question appeared in both the Pre and Post; Pre data are
included here.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V840377
1988: V880303
1992: V923703
1996: V960453
2000: V000557
2004: V043139
2012: spsrvpr_ssdpc
2016: V161179
===================================================================================================
VCF9087	

Democratic Presidential Cand- Guaranteed Jobs and Living Scale

QUESTION:
---------
2004: 
Please look at page [page] of the booklet.
Some people feel the government in Washington should see
to it that every person has a job and a good standard of
living. Suppose these people are at one end of a scale,
at point 1. Others think the government should just let
each person get ahead on their own. Suppose these people
are at the other end, at point 7. And, of course, some
other people have opinions somewhere in between, at
points 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.
Where would you place [the Democratic presidential
candidate] (on this issue)?
ALL YEARS:
Some people feel the government in Washington should see to it that
every person has a job and a good standard of living. Others think the
government should just let each person get ahead on his (1988: their)
own.
Where would you place [the Democratic Presidential Candidate] on this
scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Government see to job and good standard of living
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Government let each person get ahead on own

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA; Form II (1972); no Post IW; short-form or Spanish language IW (1992); 
   telephone IW (2000)
0. R self-rating is DK or 'Haven't thought much about it' on  same 7pt scale 
   (before 1996 exc. 1988,1992)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTE VCF9081.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720174
1976: V763243
1980: V801111
1984: V840416
1988: V880324
1992: V923720
1996: V960484
2000: V000621
2004: V043155
2012: guarpr_dpc
2016: V161190
===================================================================================================
VCF9088	

Democratic Presidential Cand- Liberal-Conservative Scale

QUESTION:
---------
We hear a lot of talk these days about liberals and conservatives.
Here is a 7-point scale on which the political views that people might
hold are arranged from extremely liberal to extremely conservative.
Where would you place [the Democratic Presidential Candidate] on this
scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Extremely liberal
2. Liberal
3. Slightly liberal
4. Moderate; middle of the road
5. Slightly conservative
6. Conservative
7. Extremely conservative

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA; mail questionnaire; no Post IW; R selected for branching series 
   version of this question (2000)
0. R did not rate self on same 7pt scale (see above)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Democratic Presidential candidates:  McGovern 1972; Carter 1976, 1980;
Mondale 1984; Dukakis 1988; Clinton 1992, 1996; Gore 2000.
In 1996 and later, randomization occurred for the order of the major
Presidential candidate names for this placement.
In 1972-1980, if R replied DK or 'haven't thought much about it' in
rating self on same 7-point scale, then R was not asked this question.
[ NOTE that in 1972-1982 there was no follow-up question ('if you had to
choose.') for self-rating.]
In 1984,1988,1992, if R's self-placement was NA on the 7-point scale,
then this question was not asked.  If R  replied 'haven't thought much
about it' or DK to this same 7-point scale, then R was prompted, 'If
you had to choose...'  If R's response to the follow-up in 1984-1992
was DK, RF or NA, then R was not asked this question.
1972 NOTE:
Respondents in Post mail sample were not asked this question.
1980 NOTE:
In 1980, this question appeared in both the Pre and Post; Pre data are
included here.
2000 NOTE:
The 7-point scale version from both modes is represented here; both
telephone and FTF respondents were randomly selected for administration
of the traditional 7-pt scale version of this question or a branching
series.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720654
1976: V763287
1980: V800268
1984: V840372
1988: V880231
1992: V923515
1996: V960369
2000: V000455
2004: V043088
2016: V161128
===================================================================================================
VCF9089	

Republican Presidential Cand- Defense Spending Scale

QUESTION:
---------
2004: 
Please look at page [page] of the booklet.
Some people believe that we should spend much less money
for defense. Suppose these people are at one end of a scale,
at point 1. Others feel that defense spending should be greatly
increased. Suppose these people are at the other end, at point 7.
And, of course, some other people have opinions somewhere
in between, at points 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.
Where would you place [the Republican Presidential Candidate]
(on this issue)?
ALL YEARS:
Some people believe that we should spend much less money for defense.
Others feel that defense spending should be greatly increased.
Where would you place [the Republican Presidential Candidate] on this
scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Greatly decrease defense spending
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Greatly increase defense spending

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA; short-form or Spanish language IW (1992); telephone IW (2000)
0. R self-rating is DK or 'Haven't thought much about it' (before 1996)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Republican Presidential candidates: Reagan 1980,1984; George Bush Sr.
1988,1992; Dole 1996; George W. Bush 2000.
In all years except 1996 and 2000, if R replied DK or 'haven't thought
much about it' rating self on same 7-point scale, then R was not asked
this question.
In 1996 and later, randomization occurred for the order of the major
Presidential candidate names for this placement.
2000 NOTE:
Telephone respondents were administered a branching series instead and
are excluded here.
2012 NOTE:
The 7-point scale used in 2012 was not comparable.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800283
1984: V840396
1988: V880312
1992: V923708
1996: V960469
2000: V000593
2004: V043144
2016: V161183
===================================================================================================
VCF9090	

Republican Presidential Cand- Cooperation with U.S.S.R. Scale

QUESTION:
---------
1980: 
Some people feel it is important for us to try very hard to get along
with Russia. Others feel it is a big mistake to try too hard to get
along with Russia.
1984,1988:
Some people feel it is important for us to try to cooperate more with
Russia, while others believe we should be much tougher in our dealings
with Russia.
ALL YEARS:
Where would you place [the Republican Presidential Candidate] on this
scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Try to cooperate more with Russia (1984,1988)/ Important to try 
      very hard to get along with Russia (1980)
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Get much tougher with Russia (1984,1988)/Big mistake to try too hard 
       to get along with Russia

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA; no Post IW
0. R self-rating is DK or 'haven't thought much about it'
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTE VCF9089.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V801080
1984: V840409
1988: V880370
===================================================================================================
VCF9091	

Republican Presidential Cand- Women Equal Role Scale

QUESTION:
---------
2004: 
Please look at page [page] of the booklet.
Recently there has been a lot of talk about women's
rights. Some people feel that women should have an equal
role with men in running business, industry, and
government. (Suppose these people are at one end of a scale,
at point 1.) Others feel that a woman's place is in the
home. (Suppose these people are at the other end, at
point 7.) And, of course, some other people have opinions
somewhere in between, at points 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.
Where would you place [the Republican presidential
candidate] (on this issue)?
ALL YEARS:
Recently there has been a lot of talk about women's rights.  Some
people feel that women should have an equal role with men in running
business, industry, and government. Others feel that women's place is
in the home.
Where would you place [the Republican Presidential Candidate] on this
scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Women and men should have an equal role
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Women's palce is in the home

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA; no Post IW; telephone IW (2000)
0. R self-rating is DK or 'Haven't thought much about it' (before 1996)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTE VCF9089.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720233
1976: V763788
1980: V801096
1988: V880389
1996: V960545
2000: V000766
2004: V043198
===================================================================================================
VCF9092	

Republican Presidential Cand- Aid to Blacks Scale

QUESTION:
---------
1972,1976,1980,1984 and 1988 FORM B: 
Some people feel that the government in Washington should make every
(1972, 1976: possible) effort to improve the social and economic
position  of blacks and other minority groups (1988 B: other minorities)
(1980: even if it means giving the preferential treatment). Others feel
that the government should not make  any special effort to help
minorities because they should help themselves.
1988 Form A, 1996 AND LATER:
Some people feel that the government in Washington should make every
effort to improve the social and economic position of blacks. Others
feel that the government should not make any special effort to help
blacks because they should help themselves.
2004:
2004:
Please look at page [page] of the booklet.
Some people feel that the government in Washington
should make every effort to improve the social and
economic position of blacks. (Suppose these people are
at one end of a scale, at point 1.)  Others feel that
the government should not make any special effort to
help blacks because they should help themselves.
(Suppose these people are at the other end, at point 7.)
And, of course, some other people have opinions
somewhere in between, at points 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.
Where would you place [the Republican presidential
candidate] (on this issue)?
ALL YEARS:
Where would you place [the Republican Presidential Candidate] on this
scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Government should help Blacks/minorities
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Blacks/minorities should help themselves

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA; no Post IW; telephone IW (2000)
0. R self-rating is DK or 'Haven't thought much about it' (before 1996)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTE VCF9089.
1988 NOTE:
Form A asked about 'blacks' only, while Form B asked about 'blacks and
other minorities' (to filter for Form A/B responses, use variable
VCF0012).

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720630
1976: V763265
1980: V801064
1984: V840383
1988: V880334,V880342
1996: V960492
2000: V000656
2004: V043160
2012: aidblack_rpc
2016: V161200
===================================================================================================
VCF9093	

Republican Presidential Cand- Government Health Insurance Scale

QUESTION:
---------
There is much concern about the rapid rise in medical and hospital
costs. Some feel there should be a government insurance plan which
would cover all medical and hospital expenses. Others feel that
medical expenses should be paid by individuals, and through private
insurance like Blue Cross.
Where would you place [the Republican Presidential Candidate] on this
scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Government insurance plan
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Private insurance plan

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA; Form II (1972)
0. 'Haven't thought much about it' for Republican candidate's rating (1988 
   only); R self-rating is DK or 'Haven't thought much about it' on same 7pt 
   scale (1972,1976)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTE VCF9089.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720209
1976: V763274
1988: V880320
1996: V960481
2012: inspre_rpc
2016: V161186
===================================================================================================
VCF9094	

Republican Presidential Cand- Government Services-Spending Scale

QUESTION:
---------
2004: 
Please look at page [page] of the booklet.
Some people think the government should provide fewer
services even in areas such as health and education
in order to reduce spending. Suppose these people are at
one end of a scale, at point 1. Other people feel it is
important for the government to provide many more services
even if it means an increase in spending.  Suppose these
people are at the other end, at point 7. And, of course,
some other people have opinions somewhere in between,
at points 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.
Where would you place [the Republican presidential
candidate] (on this issue)?
ALL YEARS:
Some people think the government should provide fewer services, even
in areas such as health and education in order to reduce spending.
Other people feel it is important for the government to provide many
more services even if it means an increase in spending.
Where would you place [the Republican Presidential Candidate] on this
scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Gov't provide many fewer services, reduce spending a lot
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Gov't provide many more services, increase spending a lot

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA; short-form or Spanish language IW (1992); telephone IW (2000)
0. R self-rating is DK or 'haven't thought much about it' on same 7pt scale 
   (before 1996)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTE VCF9089.
1980 NOTE:
The 1980 version of the question in not comparable.
1984 NOTE:
In 1984 this question appeared in both the Pre and Post; Pre data are
included here.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V840376
1988: V880304
1992: V923702
1996: V960455
2000: V000563
2004: V043138
2012: spsrvpr_ssrpc
2016: V161180
===================================================================================================
VCF9095	

Republican Presidential Cand- Guaranteed Jobs and Living Scale

QUESTION:
---------
2004: 
Please look at page [page] of the booklet.
Some people feel the government in Washington should see
to it that every person has a job and a good standard of
living. Suppose these people are at one end of a scale,
at point 1. Others think the government should just let
each person get ahead on their own. Suppose these people
are at the other end, at point 7. And, of course, some
other people have opinions somewhere in between, at
points 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.
Where would you place [the Republican presidential
candidate] (on this issue)?
ALL YEARS:
Some people feel the government in Washington should see to it that
every person has a job and a good standard of living.
Others think the government should just let each person get ahead on
his (1988 and after: their) own.
Where would you place [the Republican Presidential Candidate] on this
scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R) (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Government see to job and good standard of living
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Government let each person get ahead on own

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA; Form II (1972); no Post IW; short-form or Spanish language IW (1992); 
   telephone IW (2000)
0. R self-rating is DK or 'haven't thought much about it' on  same 7pt scale 
   (before 1996 exc. 1988,1992)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTE VCF9089.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720173
1976: V763242
1980: V801112
1984: V840415
1988: V880325
1992: V923719
1996: V960485
2000: V000626
2004: V043154
2012: guarpr_rpc
2016: V161191
===================================================================================================
VCF9096	

Republican Presidential Cand- Liberal-Conservative Scale

QUESTION:
---------
We hear a lot of talk these days about liberals and conservatives.
Here is a 7-point scale on which the political views that people might
hold are arranged from extremely liberal to extremely conservative.
Where would you place [the Republican Presidential Candidate] on this
scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Extremely liberal
2. Liberal
3. Slightly liberal
4. Moderate; middle of the road
5. Slightly conservative
6. Conservative
7. Extremely conservative

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA; mail questionnaire; no Post IW; R selected for branching series  
   version of this question (2000)
0. R did not rate self on same 7pt scale (see above)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
See NOTE VCF9089.
GENERAL NOTE:
Republican Presidential candidates: Reagan 1980,1984; George Bush Sr.
1988,1992; Dole 1996; George W. Bush 2000.
In 1996 and later, randomization occurred for the order of the major
Presidential candidate names for this placement.
In 1972-1980, if R replied DK or 'haven't thought much about it' in
rating self on same 7-point scale, then R was not asked this question.
[ NOTE that in 1972-1982 there was no follow-up question ('if you had to
choose.') for self-rating.]
In 1984,1988,1992, if R's self-placement was NA on the 7-point scale,
then this question was not asked.  If R  replied 'haven't thought much
about it' or DK to this same 7-point scale, then R was prompted, 'If
you had to choose...'  If R's response to the follow-up in 1984-1992
was DK, RF or NA, then R was not asked this question.
1972 NOTE:
Respondents in Post mail sample were not asked this question.
1980 NOTE:
In 1980, this question appeared in both the Pre and Post; Pre data are
included here.
2000 NOTE:
The 7-point scale version from both modes is represented here; both
telephone and FTF respondents were randomly selected for administration
of the traditional 7-pt scale version of this question or a branching
series.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720653
1976: V763287
1980: V800269
1984: V840371
1988: V880232
1992: V923514
1996: V960371
2000: V000465
2004: V043087
2012: libcpre_rpc
2016: V161129
===================================================================================================
VCF9097	

Democratic U.S. House Cand- Women Equal Role Scale

QUESTION:
---------
Recently there has been a lot of talk about women's rights. Some
people feel that women should have an equal role with men in running
business, industry, and government. Others feel that women's place is
in the home.
Where would you place [the Democratic House Candidate] on this scale?
(7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Women and men should have an equal role
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Women's place is in the home

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK/Don't Recognize (incl. no recognition on thermometer)
9. NA; no Post IW
0. R self-rating was DK or 'haven't thought much about it'; no Democratic 
   candidate in district race (incl. Washington DC)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Responses responses for independent or 'other' candidate are not
included here for districts having only one major party candidate
(opposite party)..
In all years before 1998, if R replied DK or 'haven't thought much
about it' in rating self on this same scale, then R was not asked this
question.
1998 NOTE 1:
Randomization occurred for the order of the 2 major party House
candidate names for this placement.
1998 NOTE 2:
If R did not recognize the name of the Democratic Candidate for the
thermometer rating, then this question was not asked.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780395
1980: V801099
1982: V820439
1998: V980451
===================================================================================================
VCF9098	

Democratic U.S. House Cand- Aid to Blacks Scale

QUESTION:
---------
Some people feel that the government in Washington should make every
possible effort to improve the social and economic position of blacks
(1970: negroes) and other minority groups (1980: even if it means
giving them preferential treatment).
Others feel that the government should not make any special effort to
help minorities because they should help themselves.
Where would you place [the Democratic House candidate] on this scale?
(7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Government should help Blacks/minorities
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Blacks/minorities should help themselves

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK/Don't Recognize
9. NA; no Post IW
0. R self-rating was DK or 'haven't thought much about it'; no Democratic 
   candidate in district race (incl. Washington DC)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTE VCF9097.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780377
1980: V801067
1982: V820419
===================================================================================================
VCF9099	

Democratic U.S. House Cand- Government Services-Spending Scale

QUESTION:
---------
2004: 
Please look at page [page] of the booklet.
Some people think the government should provide fewer
services even in areas such as health and education
in order to reduce spending. Suppose these people are at
one end of a scale, at point 1. Other people feel it is
important for the government to provide many more services
even if it means an increase in spending.  Suppose these
people are at the other end, at point 7. And, of course,
some other people have opinions somewhere in between,
at points 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.
Where would you place [the Democratic house candidate]
(on this issue)?
ALL YEARS:
Some people think the government should provide fewer services, even
in areas such as health and education in order to reduce spending.
Other people feel it is important for the government to provide many
more services even if it means an increase in spending.
Where would you place [the Democratic U.S. House Candidate] on this
scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Gov't provide many fewer services, reduce spending a lot
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Gov't provide many more services, increase spending a lot

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK/Don't Recognize (incl. no recognition on thermometer)
9. NA; telephone (1984); no Post IW; telephone IW (2000)
0. R self-rating was DK or 'haven't thought much about it'; no Democratic 
   candidate in district race (incl. Washington DC)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTE VCF9097.
1996 NOTE 1:
Randomization occurred for the order of the 2 major party House
candidate names for this placement.
1996 NOTE 2:
If R did not recognize the name of the Democratic candidate for the
thermometer rating, then this question was not asked.
2000 NOTE:
This question was administered as a 7-point scale to FTF respondents
only; telephone respondents were administered a branching series and
are excluded here.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1982: V820447
1984: V841031
1986: V860450
1990: V900454
1994: V940942
1996: V960459
1998: V980466
2000: V001391
2004: V045046,V045122
===================================================================================================
VCF9100	

Democratic U.S. House Cand- Guaranteed Jobs and Living Scale

QUESTION:
---------
Some people feel the government in Washington should see to it that
every person has a job and a good standard of living.
Others think the government should just let each person get ahead on
his own.
Where would you place [the Democratic U.S. House Candidate] on this
scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Government see to job and good standard of living
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Government let each person get ahead on own

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK/Don't Recognize (incl. no recognition on thermometer)
9. NA; telephone (1984); no Post IW
0. R self-rating was DK or 'haven't thought much about it'; no Democratic 
   candidate in district race (incl. Washington DC)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTE VCF9097.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780361
1980: V801115
1982: V820429
1984: V841051
1994: V940932
1998: V980460
===================================================================================================
VCF9101	

Democratic U.S. House Cand- Liberal-Conservative Scale

QUESTION:
---------
We hear a lot of talk these days about liberals and conservatives.
Here is a 7-point scale on which the political views that people might
hold are arranged from extremely liberal to extremely conservative.
Where would you place [the Democratic U.S. House Candidate]  on this
scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Extremely liberal
2. Liberal
3. Slightly liberal
4. Moderate; middle of the road
5. Slightly conservative
6. Conservative
7. Extremely conservative

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK/Don't Recognize (incl. no recognition onthermometer)
9. NA; no Post IW (1980,2000); telephone IW (2000)
0. R self-rating was DK or 'haven't thought much about it' (see above); no 
   Democratic candidate in district race (incl. Washington DC)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTE VCF9097.
1996 NOTE 1:
Randomization occurred for the order of the 2 major party House
candidate names for this placement.
1996 NOTE 2:
If R did not recognize the name of the Democratic candidate for the
thermometer rating, then this question was not asked.
2000 NOTE:
This question was administered as a 7-point scale to FTF respondents
only; telephone respondents were administered a branching series and
are excluded here.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780404
1980: V801049
1982: V820401
1986: V860388
1990: V900409
1994: V940843
1996: V960375
1998: V980407
2000: V001378
2004: V045046,V045119
===================================================================================================
VCF9102	

Republican U.S. House Cand- Women Equal Role Scale

QUESTION:
---------
Recently there has been a lot of talk about women's rights. Some
people feel that women should have an equal role with men in running
business, industry, and government. Others feel that women's place is
in the home.
Where would you place [the Republican U.S. House Candidate] on this
scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Women and men should have an equal role
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Women's place is in the home

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK/Don't Recognize (incl. no recognition on thermometer)
9. NA; no Post IW
0. R self-rating was DK or 'haven't thought much about it'; no Republican 
   candidate in district race (incl. Washington D.C.)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Responses responses for independent or 'other' candidate are not
included here for districts having only one major party candidate
(opposite party)..
In all years before 1998, if R replied DK or 'haven't thought much
about it' in rating self on this same scale, then R was not asked this
question.
1998 NOTE 1:
Randomization occurred for the order of the 2 major party House
candidate names for this placement.
1998 NOTE 2:
If R did not recognize the name of the Democratic Candidate for the
thermometer rating, then this question was not asked.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780396
1980: V801100
1982: V820440
1998: V980451
===================================================================================================
VCF9103	

Republican U.S. House Cand- Aid to Blacks Scale

QUESTION:
---------
Some people feel that the government in Washington should make every
(1978: possible) effort to improve the social and economic position of
blacks and other minority groups (1980: even if it means giving the
preferential treatment). Others feel that the government should not
make any special effort to help minorities because they should help
themselves.
Where would you place [the Republican U.S. House Candidate] on this
scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Government should help Blacks/minorities
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Blacks/minorities should help themselves

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK/Don't Recognize
9. NA; no Post IW
0. R self-rating was DK or 'haven't thought much about it'; no Republican 
   candidate in district race (incl. Washington D.C.)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF9102 NOTE.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780378
1980: V801068
1982: V820420
===================================================================================================
VCF9104	

Republican U.S. House Cand- Government Services-Spending Scale

QUESTION:
---------
2004: 
Please look at page [page] of the booklet.
Some people think the government should provide fewer
services even in areas such as health and education
in order to reduce spending. Suppose these people are at
one end of a scale, at point 1. Other people feel it is
important for the government to provide many more services
even if it means an increase in spending.  Suppose these
people are at the other end, at point 7. And, of course,
some other people have opinions somewhere in between,
at points 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.
Where would you place [the Republican U.S. house
candidate] (on this issue)?
ALL YEARS:
Some people think the government should provide fewer services, even
in areas such as health and education in order to reduce spending.
Other people feel it is important for the government to provide many
more services even if it means an increase in spending.
Where would you place [the Republican U.S. House Candidate] on this
scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Gov't provide many fewer services, reduce spending a lot
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Gov't provide many more services, increase spending a lot

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK/Don't Recognize (incl. no recognition on thermometer)
9. NA; telephone IW (1984,2000); no Post IW
0. R self-rating was DK or 'haven't thought much about it'; no Republican 
   candidate in district race (incl. Washington D.C.)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTE VCF9102.
1996 NOTE 1:
Randomization occurred for the order of the 2 major party House
candidate names for this placement.
1996 NOTE 2:
If R did not recognize the name of the Democratic candidate for the
thermometer rating, then this question was not asked.
2000 NOTE:
This question was administered as a 7-point scale to FTF respondents
only; telephone respondents were administered a branching series and
are excluded here.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1982: V820448
1984: V841032
1986: V860451
1990: V900455
1994: V940943
1996: V960460
1998: V980467
2000: V001397
2004: V045047,V045123
===================================================================================================
VCF9105	

Republican U.S. House Cand- Guaranteed Jobs and Living Scale

QUESTION:
---------
Some people feel the government in Washington should see to it that
every person has a job and a good standard of living. Others think the
government should just let each person get ahead on his own.
Where would you place [the Republican U.S. House Candidate] on this
scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Government see to job and good standard of living
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Government let each person get ahead on own

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK/Don't Recognize (incl. no recognition on thermometer)
9. NA; telephone IW (1984); no Post IW
0. R self-rating was DK or 'haven't thought much about it'; no Republican 
   candidate in district race (incl. Washington D.C.)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTE VCF9102.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780362
1980: V801116
1982: V820430
1984: V841052
1994: V940933
1998: V980461
===================================================================================================
VCF9106	

Republican U.S. House Cand- Liberal-Conservative Scale

QUESTION:
---------
We hear a lot of talk these days about liberals and conservatives.
Here is a 7-point scale on which the political views that people might
hold are arranged from extremely liberal to extremely conservative.
Where would you place [the Republican U.S. House Candidate] on this
scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Extremely liberal
2. Liberal
3. Slightly liberal
4. Moderate; middle of the road
5. Slightly conservative
6. Conservative
7. Extremely conservative

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK/Don't Recognize (incl. no recognition on thermometer)
9. NA; no Post IW; R selected for branching series version of this question 
   (2000)
0. R self-rating was DK or 'haven't thought much about it' (see above); no 
   Republican candidate in district race (incl. Washington D.C.)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTE VCF9097.
1996 NOTE 1:
Randomization occurred for the order of the 2 major party House
candidate names for this placement.
1996 NOTE 2:
If R did not recognize the name of the Democratic candidate for the
thermometer rating, then this question was not asked.
2000 NOTE:
This question was administered as a 7-point scale to FTF respondents
only; telephone respondents were administered a branching series and
are excluded here.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780405
1980: V801050
1982: V820402
1986: V860389
1990: V900411
1994: V940845
1996: V960377
1998: V980409
2000: V001380
2004: V045047,V045120
===================================================================================================
VCF9107	

Incumbent U.S. House Cand- Women Equal Role Scale

QUESTION:
---------
Women's equal role -- incumbent House cand placement on 7-point scale

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Women and men should have an equal role
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Women's place is in the home

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK/Don't Recognize
9. NA; no Post IW
0. R self-rating was DK or 'haven't thought much about it' (see above); no 
   incumbent candidate in district race (incl. Washington D.C.)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
For all years, this var has been built from placements of Democratic
and Republican House candidates.  See VCF9097, VCF9102.
1982 NOTE:
1982 study data included 2 sets of vars for 2 running incumbents due to
redistricting in two congressional districts (19 cases affected).  For
this year, the incumbent who represented R's sampling location BEFORE
the 1982 redistricting has been considered R's 'incumbent'.  The other
candidate, the incumbent previously representing another Congressional
district (i.e., not previously representing the district of R's sample
location) has been considered the 'challenger' to the running
incumbent.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF9108	

Incumbent U.S. House Cand- Aid to Blacks Scale

QUESTION:
---------
Aid to blacks -- incumbent House cand placement on 7-point scale

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Government should help Blacks/minorities
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Blacks/minorities should help themselves

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK/Don't Recognize
9. NA; no Post IW
0. R self-rating was DK or 'haven't thought much about it' (see above); no 
   incumbent candidate in district race (incl. Washington D.C.)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
For all years, this var has been built from placements of Democratic
and Republican House candidates.  See VCF9098, VCF9103.
1982 NOTE:
1982 study data included 2 sets of vars for 2 running incumbents due to
redistricting in two congressional districts (19 cases affected).  For
this year, the incumbent who represented R's sampling location BEFORE
the 1982 redistricting has been considered R's 'incumbent'.  The other
candidate, the incumbent previously representing another Congressional
district (i.e., not previously representing the district of R's sample
location) has been considered the 'challenger' to the running
incumbent.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF9109	

Incumbent U.S. House Cand- Government Services-Spending Scale

QUESTION:
---------
Govt services/spending -- incumbent House cand placement on 7-point scale

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Government should provide many fewer services: reduce spending a lot
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Government should provide many more services: increase spending a lot

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK/Don't Recognize
9. NA; telephone IW (1984,2000); no Post IW
0. R self-rating was DK or 'haven't thought much about it' (see above); no 
   incumbent candidate in district race (incl. Washington D.C.)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
For all years, this var has been built from placements of Democratic
and Republican House candidates.  See VCF9099, VCF9104.
1982 NOTE:
1982 study data included 2 sets of vars for 2 running incumbents due to
redistricting in two congressional districts (19 cases affected).  For
this year, the incumbent who represented R's sampling location BEFORE
the 1982 redistricting has been considered R's 'incumbent'.  The other
candidate, the incumbent previously representing another Congressional
district (i.e., not previously representing the district of R's sample
location) has been considered the 'challenger' to the running
incumbent.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF9110	

Incumbent U.S. House Cand- Guaranteed Jobs and Living Scale

QUESTION:
---------
Guaranteed jobs/living -- incumbent House cand placement on 7-point scale

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Government see to job and good standard of living
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Government let each person get ahead on own

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK/Don't Recognize
9. NA; telephone (1984); no Post IW
0. R self-rating was DK or 'haven't thought much about it' (see above); no 
   incumbent candidate in district race (incl. Washington D.C.)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
For all years, this var has been built from placements of Democratic
and Republican House candidates.  See VCF9100, VCF9105.
1982 NOTE:
1982 study data included 2 sets of vars for 2 running incumbents due to
redistricting in two congressional districts (19 cases affected).  For
this year, the incumbent who represented R's sampling location BEFORE
the 1982 redistricting has been considered R's 'incumbent'.  The other
candidate, the incumbent previously representing another Congressional
district (i.e., not previously representing the district of R's sample
location) has been considered the 'challenger' to the running
incumbent.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF9111	

Incumbent U.S. House Cand- Liberal-Conservative Scale

QUESTION:
---------
Liberal/conservative -- incumbent House cand placement on 7-point scale

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Extremely liberal
2. Liberal
3. Slightly liberal
4. Moderate; middle of the road
5. Slightly conservative
6. Conservative
7. Extremely conservative

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK/Don't Recognize
9. NA; no Post IW; R selected for branching series version of this question 
   (2000)
0. R self-rating was DK or 'haven't thought much about it' (see above); no 
   incumbent candidate in district race (incl. Washington D.C.)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
For all years, this var has been built from placements of Democratic
and Republican House candidates.  See VCF9101, VCF9106.
1982 NOTE:
1982 study data included 2 sets of vars for 2 running incumbents due to
redistricting in two congressional districts (19 cases affected).  For
this year, the incumbent who represented R's sampling location BEFORE
the 1982 redistricting has been considered R's 'incumbent'.  The other
candidate, the incumbent previously representing another Congressional
district (i.e., not previously representing the district of R's sample
location) has been considered the 'challenger' to the running
incumbent.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF9112	

Challenger to Incumbent U.S. House Cand- Women Equal Role Scale

QUESTION:
---------
Women's equal role -- challenger House cand placement on 7-point scale

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Women and men should have an equal role
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Women's place is in the home

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK/Don't Recognize
9. NA; no Post IW
0. R self-rating was DK or 'haven't thought much about it' (see above); no 
   incumbent candidate in district race (incl. Washington D.C.); incumbent 
   unopposed
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
For all years, this var has been built from placements of Democratic
and Republican House candidates.  See VCF9097, VCF9102.
1982 NOTE:
1982 study data included 2 sets of vars for 2 running incumbents due to
redistricting in two congressional districts (19 cases affected).  For
this year, the incumbent who represented R's sampling location BEFORE
the 1982 redistricting has been considered R's 'incumbent'.  The other
candidate, the incumbent previously representing another Congressional
district (i.e., not previously representing the district of R's sample
location) has been considered the 'challenger' to the running
incumbent.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF9113	

Challenger to Incumbent U.S. House Cand- Aid to Blacks Scale

QUESTION:
---------
Aid to blacks -- challenger House cand placement on 7-point scale

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Government should help Blacks/minorities
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Blacks/minorities should help themselves

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK/Don't Recognize
9. NA; no Post IW
0. R self-rating was DK or 'haven't thought much about it' (see above); no 
   incumbent candidate in district race (incl. Washington D.C.); incumbent 
   unopposed
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
For all years, this var has been built from placements of Democratic
and Republican House candidates.  See VCF9098, VCF9103.
1982 NOTE:
1982 study data included 2 sets of vars for 2 running incumbents due to
redistricting in two congressional districts (19 cases affected).  For
this year, the incumbent who represented R's sampling location BEFORE
the 1982 redistricting has been considered R's 'incumbent'.  The other
candidate, the incumbent previously representing another Congressional
district (i.e., not previously representing the district of R's sample
location) has been considered the 'challenger' to the running
incumbent.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF9114	

Challenger to Incumbent U.S. House Cand- Government Services-Spending Scale

QUESTION:
---------
Govt services/spending -- challenger House cand placement on 7-point
scale

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Gov't provide many fewer services, reduce spending a lot
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Gov't provide many more services, increase spending a lot

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK/Don't Recognize
9. NA; telephone IW (1984,2000); no Post IW
0. R self-rating was DK or 'haven't thought much about it' (see above); no 
   incumbent candidate in district race (incl. Washington D.C.); incumbent 
   unopposed
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
For all years, this var has been built from placements of Democratic
and Republican House candidates.  See VCF9099, VCF9104.
1982 NOTE:
1982 study data included 2 sets of vars for 2 running incumbents due to
redistricting in two congressional districts (19 cases affected).  For
this year, the incumbent who represented R's sampling location BEFORE
the 1982 redistricting has been considered R's 'incumbent'.  The other
candidate, the incumbent previously representing another Congressional
district (i.e., not previously representing the district of R's sample
location) has been considered the 'challenger' to the running
incumbent.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF9115	

Challenger to Incumbent U.S. House Cand- Guaranteed Jobs and Living Scale

QUESTION:
---------
Guaranteed jobs/living -- challenger House cand placement on 7-point
scale

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Government see to job and good standard of living
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Government let each person get ahead on own

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK/Don't Recognize
9. NA;telephone(1984); no Post IW
0. R self-rating was DK or 'haven't thought much about it' (see above); no 
   incumbent candidate in district race (incl. Washington D.C.); incumbent 
   unopposed
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
For all years, this var has been built from placements of Democratic
and Republican House candidates.  See VCF9100, VCF9105.
1982 NOTE:
1982 study data included 2 sets of vars for 2 running incumbents due to
redistricting in two congressional districts (19 cases affected).  For
this year, the incumbent who represented R's sampling location BEFORE
the 1982 redistricting has been considered R's 'incumbent'.  The other
candidate, the incumbent previously representing another Congressional
district (i.e., not previously representing the district of R's sample
location) has been considered the 'challenger' to the running
incumbent.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF9116	

Challenger to Incumbent U.S. House Cand- Liberal-Conservative Scale

QUESTION:
---------
Liberal/conservative -- challenger House cand placement on 7-point scale

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Extremely liberal
2. Liberal
3. Slightly liberal
4. Moderate; middle of the road
5. Slightly conservative
6. Conservative
7. Extremely conservative

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK/Don't Recognize
9. NA; no Post IW; R selected for branching
   series version of this question (2000)
0. R self-rating was DK or 'haven't thought much about
   it' (see above); no incumbent candidate in district
   race (incl. Washington D.C.); incumbent unopposed
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
For all years, this var has been built from placements of Democratic
and Republican House candidates.  See VCF9101, VCF9106.
1982 NOTE:
1982 study data included 2 sets of vars for 2 running incumbents due to
redistricting in two congressional districts (19 cases affected).  For
this year, the incumbent who represented R's sampling location BEFORE
the 1982 redistricting has been considered R's 'incumbent'.  The other
candidate, the incumbent previously representing another Congressional
district (i.e., not previously representing the district of R's sample
location) has been considered the 'challenger' to the running
incumbent.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
===================================================================================================
VCF9117	

Federal Government on Cooperation with USSR Scale

QUESTION:
---------
1980: 
Some people feel it is important for us to try very hard to get along
with Russia. Others feel it is a big mistake to try too hard to get
along with Russia.
1984,1988:
Some people feel it is important for us to try to cooperate more with
Russia, while others believe we should be much tougher in our dealings
with Russia.
ALL YEARS:
Where would you place what the Federal Government is doing at the
present time? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Try to cooperate more with Russia (1984,1988)/ Important to try 
     very hard to get along with Russia (1980)
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Get much tougher with Russia (1984,1988)/Big Mistake to try too 
     hard to get along with Russia

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA; no Post IW
0. R self-rating was DK/'haven't thought much about it'
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
In all years, if R replied DK or 'haven't thought much about it' in
rating self on this same 7-point scale, then R was not asked this
question.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V801091
1984: V840413
1988: V880372
===================================================================================================
VCF9118	

Federal Government on Defense Spending Scale

QUESTION:
---------
Some people believe that we should spend much less money for defense.
Others feel that defense spending should be greatly increased.
Where would you place what the Federal Government is doing at the
present time? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Greatly decrease defense spending
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Greatly increase defense spending

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA; short-form or Spanish language IW (1992)
0. R self-rating was DK/'haven't thought much about it'
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
In all years, if R replied DK or 'haven't thought much about it' in
rating self on this same 7-point scale, then R was not asked this
question.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800288
1982: V820414
1984: V840400
1986: V860414
1988: V880314
1990: V900445
1992: V923712
===================================================================================================
VCF9119	

Federal Government on Aid to Blacks Scale

QUESTION:
---------
1980,1982,1984 and 1988 FORM B: Some people feel that the government
in Washington should make every effort to improve the social and
economic position of blacks and other minority groups (1988 B: other
minorities) (1980: even if it means giving the preferential
treatment). Others feel that the government should not make any
1988 Form A,1990 AND LATER:  Some people feel that the government in
Washington should make every effort to improve the social and
economic  position of blacks. Others feel that the government should
not make any special effort to help blacks because they should help
themselves.
ALL YEARS:  Where would you place what the Federal Government is doing
at the present time? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Government should help blacks (1988a)/minorities (1988b)/minority groups 
     (1980,1984)
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Blacks (1988a)/Minorities (1988b)/Minority groups (1980,1984) should help 
     themselves

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA; no Post IW
0. R self-rating was DK/'haven't thought much about it'
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
In all years, if R replied DK or 'haven't thought much about it' in
rating self on this same 7-point scale, then R was not asked this
question.
1988 NOTE:
Form A asked about 'blacks' only, while Form B asked about 'blacks and
other minorities.'  (To filter for Form A/B responses, use variable
VCF0012.)

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V801075
1982: V820424
1984: V840387
1988: V880336,V880344
1990: V900451
===================================================================================================
VCF9120	

Federal Government on Government Services/Spending Scale

QUESTION:
---------
Some people think the government should provide fewer services, even
in areas such as health and education in order  to reduce spending.
Other people feel it is important for the government to provide many
more services even if it means an increase in spending.
Where would you place what the Federal Government is doing at the
present time? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Gov't provide many fewer services, reduce spending a lot
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Gov't provide many more services, increase spending a lot

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA; short-form or Spanish language IW (1992)
0. R self-rating was DK/'haven't thought much about it'
INAP, question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
In all years, if R replied DK or 'haven't thought much about it' in
rating self on this same 7-point scale, then R was not asked this
question.
1980 NOTE:
The 1980 version of this question is not comparable.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1982: V820451
1984: V840380
1986: V860457
1988: V880306
1990: V900458
1992: V923706
===================================================================================================
VCF9121	

Federal Government on Guaranteed Jobs and Living Scale

QUESTION:
---------
Some people feel the government in Washington should see to it that
every person has a job and a good standard of living.
Others think the government should just let each person get ahead on
his (1988: their) own.
Where would you place what the Federal Government is doing at the
present time? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Government see to job and good standard of living
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Government let each person get ahead on own

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK
9. NA; no Post IW; short-form or Spanish language IW (1992)
0. R self-rating was DK/'haven't thought much about it'
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
In all years, if R replied DK or 'haven't thought much about it' in
rating self on this same 7-point scale, then R was not asked this
question.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V801123
1982: V820434
1984: V840419
1988: V880327
1992: V923723
===================================================================================================
VCF9122	

Number of Politically Eligible Adults in HH

QUESTION:
---------
Household composition, number of politically eligible adults

VALID CODES:
------------
1. One politically eligible adult
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Seven or more politically eligible adults

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; Panel (1992,1996)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
ANES samples include eligible persons residing in the coterminous 48
states and not institutionalized.  Eligible persons are those eligible
to vote by age and and U.S. citizen status.
1966 NOTE:
Politically eligible adults are represented from the primary family
unit only. 1966 Rs who were politically eligible but from a secondary
family unit (23 CASES) are missing data, code 9. 'Politically eligible'
adults were citizens who were 18 or over in Georgia and Kentucky, 21 or
over elsewhere.
1968 NOTE:
'Politically eligible' adults were citizens who were 18 or over in
Georgia and Kentucky, 21 or over elsewhere.
1972-LATER NOTE:
Respondents were politically eligible if they were 18 or older by
election day and U.S. citizens.
2002 NOTE:
Respondents were politically eligible if they were 18 or older on
the day of interview and U.S. citizens.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1966: V660016
1968: V680020
1972: V720019
1974: VV74202
1976: V763021
1978: V780038
1980: V800043
1982: V820053
1984: V840070
1986: V860014
1988: V880091
1990: V900029
1992: V923076
1994: V940058
1996: V960046
1998: V980035
2000: V000039
2002: V021106
2004: V041102
2008: V081108a
2012: hhlist_elighhtot
===================================================================================================
VCF9123	

Number of Pre-Election Interviewer Calls

QUESTION:
---------
Call number of last interviewer call to housing unit, pre-election.

MISSING CODES:
--------------
99. NA; Web mode
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
The actual number of telephone calls or personal trips made to the
household by the interviewer is coded here.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800030
1984: V840039
1988: V880028
1992: V923032
1996: V960029
2000: V000027,V000028
2002: V022003
2004: V042010a
2008: V082007
===================================================================================================
VCF9124	

Number of Post-Election Interviewer Calls

QUESTION:
---------
Call number of last interviewer call to housing unit, post-election.

MISSING CODES:
--------------
99. NA; Web mode
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
The actual number of telephone calls or personal trips made to the
household by the interviewer is coded here.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780035
1980: V800038
1982: V820043
1984: V840057
1986: V860011
1988: V880055
1990: V900037
1992: V925011
1994: V940043
1996: V960919
1998: V980022
2000: V000150,V000151
2002: V024003
2004: V044017
2008: V084007
===================================================================================================
VCF9125	

Post-Election Persuasion Letter 1978-2012

QUESTION:
---------
Was a persuasion letter requested/sent to the respondent?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
5. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
This is a post-election variable.
In 1980,1992,1996,2000 this question appeared in both the pre and
post; POST data are represented here.
2012 NOTE: 
Refusal conversion letter.
2016 NOTE:
All Pre respondents were sent at least 1 letter in the Post

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780034
1980: V800034
1982: V820038
1986: V860010
1988: V880029
1990: V900036
1992: V925024
1994: V940093
1996: V960916
1998: V980018
2000: V000146
2002: V024020
2012: admin_post_ltr_refcon
===================================================================================================
VCF9131	

Less Government Better OR Government Do More

QUESTION:
---------
Next, I am going to ask you to choose which of two statements
I read comes closer to your own opinion. You might agree to some
extent with both, but we want to know which one is closer to your
(2000: own) views:
ONE, the less government the better; or
TWO, there are more things that government should be doing

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Less government the better
2. More things government should be doing
8. DK; both, depends (1990,1992)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; Form B (1990); no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
The order in which items VCF9131-VCF9134 were administered may have
varied by study.
Interviewer instruction:  [IF NECESSARY, PROBE 'Which Closer' ONCE EACH
QUESTION]
2000 NOTE:
A code for 'both, depends' was not used.
2004 NOTE:
A code for 'both, depends' was not used.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1990: V900333
1992: V925729
2000: V001420
2004: V045152
2012: govrole_lessmore
2016: V162185
===================================================================================================
VCF9132	

Govt Handle Economy OR Free Market Can Handle

QUESTION:
---------
Next, I am going to ask you to choose which of two statements
I read comes closer to your own opinion. You might agree to some
extent with both, but we want to know which one is closer to your
(2000: own) views:
ONE, we need a strong government to handle today's complex
economic problems; or
TWO, the free market can handle these problems without government
being involved

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Strong government
2. Free market
8. DK; both, depends (1990,1992)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; Form B (1990); no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See notes VCF9131.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1990: V900331
1992: V925730
2000: V001421
2004: V045151
2012: govrole_market
2016: V162184
===================================================================================================
VCF9133	

Govt Too Involved in Things OR Problems Require

QUESTION:
---------
Next, I am going to ask you to choose which of two statements
I read comes closer to your own opinion. You might agree to some
extent with both, but we want to know which one is closer to your
(2000: own) views:
ONE, the main reason government has become bigger over the years
is because it has gotten involved in things that people should
do for themselves; or
TWO, government has become bigger because the problems we face
have become bigger

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Gotten involved in things
2. Problems we face are bigger
8. DK; both, depends (1990,1992)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; Form B (1990); no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See notes VCF9131.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1990: V900335
1992: V925731
2000: V001422
2004: V045150
2012: govrole_big
2016: V162183
===================================================================================================
VCF9134	

More Important to Be Cooperative OR Self-reliant

QUESTION:
---------
Next, I am going to ask you to choose which of two statements
I read comes closer to your own opinion. You might agree to some
extent with both, but we want to know which one is closer to your
(2000: own) views:
ONE, it is more important to be a cooperative person who works
well with others; or
TWO, it is more important to be a self-reliant person able to
take care of oneself

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Cooperative
2. Self-reliant
8. DK; both, depends (1990)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
9. NA; Form B (1990); no Post IW
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See notes VCF9131.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1990: V900334
2000: V001423
===================================================================================================
VCF9149	

Election Office Number

QUESTION:
---------
VOTE VALIDATION STUDY: Election Office Number

VALID CODES:
------------
3-DigitNumber 1-182 Coded,  Except:

MISSING CODES:
--------------
998. R self-report registered outside of area, attempt made by phone to 
     elicit registration and vote information from outside area election
     office (1984,1990 only)
000. Records not checked (1984,1986 only)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
Vars VCF9149-9155 are variables related to special Vote Validation
studies which have been conducted for some years of the ANES time
series. Vote validation studies were conducted in 1964, 1976, 1978,
1980, 1984, 1986, 1988, and 1990.  Information available in the
Study data across these years varies in completeness and coding; for
some of these years the Study data do not provide information (or
sufficient information) to code some variables VCF9149-9155.
This is the jurisdiction, county or municipality in which
registration and voting records are located for persons living in the
particular sample segment in which R was living when interviewed.
In 1988 and 1990 only, if records were not checked for R, the vote
validation office number which would have been assigned to R if
his/her records had been checked was coded.
In 1984 and 1990 only, if R reported that s/he was registered outside
of the sample area, telephone contact with the outside  election
office was made to attempt to elicit registration and vote information
about R.  In 1986 and 1988, no such attempt was made, and Rs who self-
reported their registration outside the sample area were not included
in vote validation checks for those years.
Note that in 1986 1 case coded 87 and 2 cases coded 152 in the
original office number variable (VCF0772) should have been MD (records
not checked/ registered out of area); they are corrected here (000).
For a description of cases in code 000 SEE VCF9152 (codes 2-7).

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V841120
1986: V860772
1988: V881117
1990: V900714
===================================================================================================
VCF9150	

R Registration Status (Self-reported)

QUESTION:
---------
VOTE VALIDATION STUDY: R Registration Status (Self-reported)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes, implicit (R self-report voted)
2. Yes, explicit
3. No, not registered; DK; NA; etc.

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. no Post IW (no self-report of registration) (1980,1984,1988)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
See NOTE VCF9149.
GENERAL NOTE:
CODE 1:  Respondents who said that they voted have implicitly claimed
to be registered to vote (even 'same-day registration' states usually
require registration).
CODE 2:   Only those who said that they did not vote are explicitly 
asked if they were registered so they could have voted.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1978: V780470,V780484
1980: V800988,V801011
1984: V840783,V84080
1986: V860276
1988: V881144
1990: V900279,V900280
2012: prevote_voted, postvote_rvote
===================================================================================================
VCF9151	

R Turnout (Self-reported)

QUESTION:
---------
VOTE VALIDATION STUDY: R Turnout (Self-reported)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes, voted
5. No, did not vote

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK; NA; refused
9. 1976 non-Panel Rs
0. no Post IW (no self-report of vote)
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTE VCF9149
1976 NOTE:
Only 1976 time-series respondents who also participated in the 1972-
1974-1976 panel study (ICPSR 7607) were included in 1976 vote
validation.  In vars 9151,9152,9154,9155, 1976 prepost Rs who did
not also participate in the panel study are INAP.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1964: V640286
1976: V763655
1978: V780470
1980: V800988
1984: V840783
1986: V860261
1988: V880756,V881147
1990: V900279
===================================================================================================
VCF9152	

Attempted Validation of Registration

QUESTION:
---------
VOTE VALIDATION STUDY: Attempted Validation of Registration

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes, attempted
2. No: R says is not registered (1984-1990); R says not required/DK/NA if 
       registered (1984-1990)
3. No: No respondent named and/or insufficient address (all years);
       registerd out of area (except 1984,1990); Washington DC [Note: 
       code 2 has priority]
4. No: Same-day registration (1964,1980)
5. No: Records not sent out due to: Office error (1980);
       No Post IW (1964,some cases in 1976)
7. No: Office refuses all access to registration records

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0. 1976 non-Panel Rs
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
See NOTE VCF9149.
GENERAL NOTE:
Code 1:   For 1984 and 1990, code 1 includes telephone attempts at
validation of cases registered outside of sample  area (998 in
VCF9149). Similar attempts were not made in  other years. For 1980,
code 1 includes 31 cases (code 9 in original var 1207) where respondent
was discovered to be registered at a different address: NOTE, however,
that for these cases no effort was subsequently made to
Code 2:   Applies to 1984-1990 only.  In 1984-1990, vote validation
was intended for Rs who: 1) reported that they voted;  or 2) reported
that they didn't vote but were registered; or 3) had no post IW.
That is, in years 1984-1990, POST RS WHO DID NOT REPORT THAT THEY WERE
REGISTERED WERE NOT VALIDATED.
Codes 3-7: All years:  complications in the ability to carry out
registration records-checks prevented the validation of registration
status for some Rs for whom validation was originally intended.
Validation was intended in 1984-90 for all Rs except nonvoters who
didn't report being  registered.  Prior to 1984, vote validation was
intended for all ANES respondents [exception:  alidation was not
intended for 1964 no-posts (code 5).  Validation was not intended for
1976 no-posts, however ANES was able to carry out validation for some
1976 no-posts.]
Code 4:  although registration status was not checked (assumed
unnecessary), voting records WERE checked (for 1980, 1 in VCF9153).
1986 NOTE:
4 cases for which validation was not attempted (due to insufficient
address, no name, or registered out of area) were mistakenly coded
'attempted.'  They are corrected in VCF9152 (code 3) and in VCF9154-
9155 (code 0).
1976 NOTE:
Only 1976 time-series respondents who also participated in the 1972-
1974-1976 panel study (ICPSR 7607) were included in 1976 vote
validation.  In vars 9151,9152,9154,9155, 1976 prepost Rs who did not
also participate in the panel study are INAP.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1964: V640423,V64042
1976: V765003
1978: V781400
1980: V801207
1984: V841132
1986: V860798
1988: V881143
1990: V900712
===================================================================================================
VCF9153	

Status of Office Voting Records

QUESTION:
---------
VOTE VALIDATION STUDY: Status of Office Voting Records

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Office records appear to be adequate, no information about deficiencies
2. Some office voting records not accessible*
3. R's name unknown and/or insufficient address and/or registered out of area** 
     (not 1984,1986: see code 0)
5. No office voting records accessible***

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK (1980:  0,9 in orig. dataset var 1207: 27 cases office error [5 in 
   VCF9152] and 31 cases registered at different address [see note VCF9152]; 
   1976: 5 in VCF9152, records not sent to field)
9. Office refused (7 in VCF9152)
0. Office not identified (0 in VCF9149: 1984,1986 only); 1976 non-Panel Rs
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
See NOTE VCF9149,VCF9152.
GENERAL NOTE:
This variable basically describes conditions at the records office
identified in VCF9149:
A- If R's election office was identified in VCF9149 then VCF9153 has
been coded-- regardless whether R was validated or not
applies specifically to 1988,1990).
B- In 1984 and 1986, R's records office was not identified if R
was unvalidated (0 in VCF9149): 1984 and 1986 unvalidated Rs
appear in MD code 0.
C- Records offices were not identified at all prior to 1984,
however some (limited) information about cases of inaccessibility
of voting records was obtained during 1980, 1978 and 1976.  NOTE
that all 1976-1980 cases have been coded 1 except for such
exceptions (described below and coded 5) and for name/address
problems (code 3).
In 1978 and 1976, identification of records office (VCF9149) was not
established, and minimal information about condition/accessibility of
office records was collected.  Information available from 1978  is
that in 32 cases (8 in original var 1409) of Rs with active
registration (coded 1 in VCF9152), interviewers were unable to check
voting records at all:  these cases have been coded 5 in VCF9153.
Similarly, information available from 1976 indicates that in 31 cases
of Rs (weighted:  code 8 in original var 5012) with active
registration status (coded 1 in VCF9152), interviewers were unable to
check vote records:  these cases have also been coded 5 in VCF9153.
No cases in VCF9153 are coded 2 for 1978 or 1976.
Code 1:   1984:  includes 40 cases which were coded 67, 68, or 998 in
VCF9149 (election office) and which were labeled 'problem with
registration records' in the original dataset's variable (V1129).
For all but 11 of these 40 cases, however, a voting record was found,
and, of the 11 for whom no voting record was subsequently found, 7 were
cases of telephone (limited) attempt at validation.
Code 3:   Except for 1984 and 1986, code 3 encompasses situations in
which it was impossible to check specifically for R's records.
Information identical to code 3 for 1984 and 1986 is found in
VCF9152 code 3.
Code 5:   1984:  No cases appear in code 5 for 1984, because the
original dataset variable combined cases of voting records 'wholly OR
partially unavailable' into a single code category (contained here in
code 2).
CODE ANNOTATION:
*   1988:  election offices 65,75,80,81,89,90,110,111
*   1986:  election offices 3,17,37-39,50,75,111,125,145,156.
*   1984:  election offices 61,65,76,79,82
**  1990:  9 in orig. dataset var V2003
**  1988:  2,9 in orig. dataset var V1143.
*** 1990:  election office 182
*** 1988:  code 1 in orig. dataset var 1145 [all cases, election
           office 76]
*** 1986:  election offices 68,69,79 and 1 case election office
           169 (3 other cases in 169 coded 1 in VCF9153 in
           accordance with original dataset)
*** 1976-1980:  see above
1980 NOTE:
Identification of records office (VCF9149) was not established, and
minimal information about condition/accessibility of office records was
collected.  Information available is that in 1980 in Montgomery County
Alabama, Madison County Alabama, and  Acadia Parish Lousiana, the
electoral offices would not allow any voting records to be accessible
(20 cases, 5 in VCF9153)-- although the office had already allowed
verification of registration status (coded 1 in VCF9152).  There are no
cases in code 2 for 1980.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1976: V765011
1978: V781409
1980: V801207
1984: V841129
1986: V860800
1988: V881117,V881143,V881145
1990: V900712,V900730
===================================================================================================
VCF9154	

Was R Registration Validated

QUESTION:
---------
VOTE VALIDATION STUDY: Was R Registration Validated

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes, a registration record was found that matches
2. A registration record was found but it is inactive/purged/to be processed 
     (1976,1978,1984-1990 only, see note above)
5. No registration record was found

MISSING CODES:
--------------
8. DK (1980 ONLY: code 9 in original var 1207, 31 cases registered at 
   different address)
0. 3,7 in VCF9152 (all years); 2 in VCF9152 (1984-1990 only); 5 in VCF9152 
   (1964,1976,1980 only); 4 in VCF9152 (1964,1980 only)
9. 1976 non-Panel Rs
INAP. question not used

NOTES:
------
See NOTE VCF9149,VCF9152.
GENERAL NOTE:
NOTE that information describing status [code 2] of non-active files
was not collected systematically before 1984.  Non-active-
registration  cases prior to 1984 appear in either code 1 or code 5,
with the following exceptions:  in 1978, original var 1408 indicated
whether registration records were eligible/active on election day (or
ineligible/inactive); 53 cases of inactive registration in 1978 have
been coded 2.  Similarly, in 1976,  original var 5003 indicated a
registration record but inactive for 70 cases, who have been coded 2
in VCF9154.
Code 1 includes several cases identified as 'registration record
found, NA if active/inactive' (applies specifically to 1988,1990).
Code 2 for 1990 includes 1 case of 'other' inactive file and 2 cases
of 'NA' type of inactive file.
1976 NOTE:
Only 1976 time-series respondents who also participated in the 1972-
1974-1976 panel study (ICPSR 7607) were included in 1976 vote
validation.  In vars 9151,9152,9154,9155, 1976 prepost Rs who did not
also participate in the panel study are INAP.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1964: V640423,V64042
1976: V765002,V765003
1978: V781400,V781408
1980: V801207
1984: V841121
1986: V860773,V86077
1988: V881146
1990: V900748
===================================================================================================
VCF9155	

Was R Vote Validated

QUESTION:
---------
VOTE VALIDATION STUDY: Was R Vote Validated

VALID CODES:
------------
1.  Yes
3.  Registration record was found, no record of R voting
5.  No registration record found; no record of voting 
    found

MISSING CODES:
--------------
0.  3,7 in VCF9152 (all years); 2 in VCF9152 (1984
    1990 only); 5 in VCF9152 (1964,1976); 5 in VCF9152 or
    8 in VCF9153 (1980 only)
9.  1976 non-Panel Rs
INAP. Inap. question not used

NOTES:
------
GENERAL NOTE:
See note VCF9149,VCF9152.
Code 3 and code 5 include cases of limited access to vote records 
(codes 2 and 5 in VCF9153).  Codes 3 and 5 also incorporate 1984 and 
1990 cases of attempted validation by phone of Rs registered out of 
area (998 in VCF9149).
In cases where registration is not required or where voting and
registration lists are for some reason kept entirely separate, this
code implies that an independent check for voting was also done and no
record of R voting was found.
In all Pre-Post years except 1964 (and some cases in 1976), this
variable includes in valid codes respondents who did not give a post-
election interview.
1964 and 1980 are the only years with cases categorized for same-day
registration.  Registration was not 'checked' in such cases but voting
records WERE checked (4 in VCF9152 and [1980] 1 in VCF9153).  The
results of the vote record checks for "same-day registration" Rs in
1964 and 1980 are represented here in codes 1 (voted) and 3 (did not
vote), with nocases of same-day registration coded 5.
1976 NOTE;
Only 1976 time-series respondents who also participated in the 1972-
1974-1976 panel study (ICPSR 7607) were included in 1976 vote
validation.  In vars VCF9151,9152,9154,9155, 1976 prepost Rs who did
not also participate in the panel study are INAP.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1964: V640423,V640424,V64042
1976: V765002,V765012
1978: V781400,V781409,V781411
1980: V801206
1984: V841121,V84113
1986: V860773,V860778,V860789,V86080
1988: V881148
1990: V900754,V900756
===================================================================================================
VCF9201	

CSES: Like-dislike (11pt) scale placement for Democratic party

QUESTION:
---------
(I'd like to know what you think about each of our political parties. 
After I read the name of a political party, please rate it on a scale 
from 0 to 10, where 0 means you strongly dislike that party and 10 
means that you strongly like that party.
If I come to a party you haven't heard of or you feel you do not know 
enough about, just say so.)
[The first party is: / Using the same scale where would you place:]
the Democratic party
{INTERVIEWER: DO NOT PROBE DON'T KNOW}

VALID CODES:
------------
0. Strongly dislike
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10. Strongly like

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-7. Haven't heard of (2008,2012 only)
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used

NOTES:
------
Administered with Respondent Booklet.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1996: V961470
2004: V045257
2008: V085187a
2012: cses_dptylike
2016: V162283
===================================================================================================
VCF9202	

CSES: Like-dislike (11pt) scale placement for Republican party

QUESTION:
---------
(I'd like to know what you think about each of our political parties. 
After I read the name of a political party, please rate it on a scale 
from 0 to 10, where 0 means you strongly dislike that party and 10 
means that you strongly like that party.
If I come to a party you haven't heard of or you feel you do not know 
enough about, just say so.)
[The first party is: / Using the same scale where would you place:]
the Republican party
{INTERVIEWER: DO NOT PROBE DON'T KNOW}

VALID CODES:
------------
0. Strongly dislike
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10. Strongly like

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-7. Haven't heard of (2008,2012 only)
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used

NOTES:
------
Administered with Respondent Booklet.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1996: V961471
2004: V045258
2008: V085187b
2012: cses_rptylike
2016: V162284
===================================================================================================
VCF9203	

CSES: Do any of the parties in the U.S. represent R's view reasonably well

QUESTION:
---------
Would you say that any of the parties in the United States represents 
your views reasonably well?
{INTERVIEWER: DO NOT PROBE DON'T KNOW}

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
2. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
2004: V045248
2008: V085185
2016: V162278
===================================================================================================
VCF9204	

CSES: Which political party is it that represents R's views best

QUESTION:
---------
(Would you say that any of the parties in the United States represents 
your views reasonably well?)
Which party represents your views best?
{INTERVIEWER: DO NOT PROBE DON'T KNOW}

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Democratic
2. Republican
7. Other {SPECIFY}

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; skip: no party represents views; no Post data
INAP. Inap. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
2004: V045248a
2008: V085185a
2016: V162279
===================================================================================================
VCF9205	

Which party would do a better job handling the nation's economy

QUESTION:
---------
Which party do you think would do a better job of handling the nation's 
economy, the Democrats, the Republicans, or wouldn't there be much 
difference between them?
{1996: IF 'NO DIFFERENCE' AND 'NEITHER PARTY' ARE VOLUNTEERED, DO NOT 
PROBE RESPONSES. 
2000-later: IF 'DK' OR 'NEITHER PARTY' IS VOLUNTEERED, DO NOT PROBE]}

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Democrats
2. No difference
3. Republican
7. Neither party {VOL} (exc. 1996,2004)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used

NOTES:
------
1992 NOTE:
Respondent booklet used.
1996,2002-later:
Order of parties was randomized in the question text.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1990: V900390
1992: V923545
1994: V940829
1996: V960397
2000: V000505
2002: V023031
2004: V043109
2008: V083093
2012: ptyperf_ptyecon
2016: V161144
===================================================================================================
VCF9206	

Better when one party controls both the Presidency and U.S. Congress or when control is split

QUESTION:
---------
Do you think it is better when one party controls both the presidency 
and Congress; better when control is split between the Democrats and 
Republicans, or doesn't it matter?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. One party control both
2. Control is split
3. It doesn't matter

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1992: V925732
1998: V980426
2000: V000397
2002: V023021
2004: V043060
2008: V083053
2012: divgov_splitgov
2016: V161136
===================================================================================================
VCF9207	

CSES: Like-dislike (11pt) scale placement for Democratic Presidential candidate

QUESTION:
---------
1996:
And now, using the same scale, I'd like to ask you how
much you like or dislike some political leaders. Again,
if I come to a leader you haven't heard of or you feel
you do not know enough about, just say so.
The first political leader is: 
-Democratic Presidential candidate name-
2008,2012:
(And what do you think of the presidential candidates?
After I read the name of a presidential candidate, please
rate them on a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 means you
strongly dislike that candidate and 10 means that you strongly
like that candidate.  If I come to a presidential candidate
you haven't heard of or you feel you do not know enough
about, just say so.)
[The first is: / Using the same scale, where would you place:]
-Democratic Presidential candidate name-
2016:
Using the same scale, where would you place:
-Democratic Presidential candidate name-

VALID CODES:
------------
0. Strongly dislike
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10. Strongly like

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-7. Haven't heard of (2008,2012 only)
-8. DK
-9. NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used

NOTES:
------
Administered with Respondent Booklet.
2016 NOTE:
Administration for Presidential candidates were asked after
administration for parties, without separate introduction.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1996: V961473
2008: V085188b
2012: cses_dpclike
2016: V162285
===================================================================================================
VCF9208	

CSES: Like-dislike (11pt) scale placement for Republican Presidential candidate

QUESTION:
---------
1996:
And now, using the same scale, I'd like to ask you how
much you like or dislike some political leaders. Again,
if I come to a leader you haven't heard of or you feel
you do not know enough about, just say so.
The first political leader is: 
-Republican Presidential candidate name-
2008,2012:
(And what do you think of the presidential candidates?
After I read the name of a presidential candidate, please
rate them on a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 means you
strongly dislike that candidate and 10 means that you strongly
like that candidate.  If I come to a presidential candidate
you haven't heard of or you feel you do not know enough
about, just say so.)
[The first is: / Using the same scale, where would you place:]
-Republican Presidential candidate name-
2016:
Using the same scale, where would you place:
-Republican Presidential candidate name-

VALID CODES:
------------
0. Strongly dislike
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10. Strongly like

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-7. Haven't heard of (2008,2012 only)
-8. DK
-9. NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used

NOTES:
------
Administered with Respondent Booklet.
2016 NOTE:
Administration for Presidential candidates were asked after
administration for parties, without separate introduction.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1996: V961474
2008: V085188a
2012: cses_rpclike
2016: V162286
===================================================================================================
VCF9209	

How well does _provides strong leadership_ describe: Democratic Presidential candidate (no RB, 5 cat)

QUESTION:
---------
[Think about 
-Democratic Presidential candidate name-.
In your opinion, does the phrase
'he provides strong leadership'
describe -name- extremely well, very well, moderately well, slightly 
well, or not well at all? 
/
(What about)
'provides strong leadership'?
(Does this phrase describe 
-Democratic Presidential candidate name- 
extremely well, very well, moderately well, slightly  well, or 
not well at all?)]

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Extremely well
2. Very well
3. Moderately well
4. Slightly well
5. Not well at all

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; half sample administration (2008)
INAP. Inap. question not used

NOTES:
------
The order of candidates and order of traits were randomized.
For the first trait administered, wording begain "Think about..."

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
2008: V083100b
2012: ctrait_dpclead
2016: V161159
===================================================================================================
VCF9210	

How well does _really cares about people like you_ describe: Democratic Presidential candidate (no RB, 5 cat)

QUESTION:
---------
[Think about 
-Democratic Presidential candidate name-.
In your opinion, does the phrase
'he really cares about people like you'
describe -name- extremely well, very well, moderately well, slightly 
well, or not well at all? 
/
(What about)
'really cares about people like you'?
(Does this phrase describe 
-Democratic Presidential candidate name- 
extremely well, very well, moderately well, slightly  well, or 
not well at all?)]

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Extremely well
2. Very well
3. Moderately well
4. Slightly well
5. Not well at all

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; half sample administration (2008)
INAP. Inap. question not used

NOTES:
------
The order of candidates and order of traits were randomized.
For the first trait administered, wording begain "Think about..."

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
2008: V083100c
2012: ctrait_dpccare
2016: V161160
===================================================================================================
VCF9211	

How well does _knowledgeable_ describe: Democratic Presidential candidate (no RB, 5 cat)

QUESTION:
---------
2[Think about 
-Democratic Presidential candidate name-.
In your opinion, does the phrase
'he is knowledgeable'
describe -name- extremely well, very well, moderately well, slightly 
well, or not well at all? 
/
(What about)
'knowledgeable'?
(Does this phrase describe 
-Democratic Presidential candidate name- 
extremely well, very well, moderately well, slightly  well, or 
not well at all?)]

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Extremely well
2. Very well
3. Moderately well
4. Slightly well
5. Not well at all

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; half sample administration (2008)
INAP. Inap. question not used

NOTES:
------
The order of candidates and order of traits were randomized.
For the first trait administered, wording begain "Think about..."

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
2008: V083100d
2012: ctrait_dpcknow
2016: V161161
===================================================================================================
VCF9212	

How well does _honest_ describe: Democratic Presidential candidate (no RB, 5 cat)

QUESTION:
---------
[Think about 
-Democratic Presidential candidate name-.
In your opinion, does the phrase
'he is honest'
describe -name- extremely well, very well, moderately well, slightly 
well, or not well at all? 
/
(What about)
'honest'?
(Does this phrase describe 
-Democratic Presidential candidate name- 
extremely well, very well, moderately well, slightly  well, or 
not well at all?)]

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Extremely well
2. Very well
3. Moderately well
4. Slightly well
5. Not well at all

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; half sample administration (2008)
INAP. Inap. question not used

NOTES:
------
The order of candidates and order of traits were randomized.
For the first trait administered, wording begain "Think about..."

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
2008: V083100f
2012: ctrait_dpchonst
2016: V161162
===================================================================================================
VCF9213	

How well does _provides strong leadership_ describe: Republican Presidential candidate (no RB, 5 cat)

QUESTION:
---------
[Think about 
-Republican Presidential candidate name-.
In your opinion, does the phrase
'he provides strong leadership'
describe -name- extremely well, very well, moderately well, slightly 
well, or not well at all? 
/
(What about)
'provides strong leadership'?
(Does this phrase describe 
-Republican Presidential candidate name- 
extremely well, very well, moderately well, slightly  well, or 
not well at all?)]

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Extremely well
2. Very well
3. Moderately well
4. Slightly well
5. Not well at all

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; half sample administration (2008)
INAP. Inap. question not used

NOTES:
------
The order of candidates and order of traits were randomized.
For the first trait administered, wording begain "Think about..."

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
2008: V083102b
2012: ctrait_rpclead
2016: V161164
===================================================================================================
VCF9214	

How well does _really cares about people like you_ describe: Republican Presidential candidate (no RB, 5 cat)

QUESTION:
---------
[Think about 
-Republican Presidential candidate name-.
In your opinion, does the phrase
'he really cares about people like you'
describe -name- extremely well, very well, moderately well, slightly 
well, or not well at all? 
/
(What about)
'really cares about people like you'?
(Does this phrase describe 
-Republican Presidential candidate name- 
extremely well, very well, moderately well, slightly  well, or 
not well at all?)]

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Extremely well
2. Very well
3. Moderately well
4. Slightly well
5. Not well at all

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; half sample administration (2008)
INAP. Inap. question not used

NOTES:
------
The order of candidates and order of traits were randomized.
For the first trait administered, wording begain "Think about..."

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
2008: V083102c
2012: ctrait_rpccare
2016: V161165
===================================================================================================
VCF9215	

How well does _knowledgeable_ describe: Republican Presidential candidate (no RB, 5 cat)

QUESTION:
---------
[Think about 
-Republican Presidential candidate name-.
In your opinion, does the phrase
'he is knowledgeable'
describe -name- extremely well, very well, moderately well, slightly 
well, or not well at all? 
/
(What about)
'knowledgeable'?
(Does this phrase describe 
-Republican Presidential candidate name- 
extremely well, very well, moderately well, slightly  well, or 
not well at all?)]

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Extremely well
2. Very well
3. Moderately well
4. Slightly well
5. Not well at all

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; half sample administration (2008)
INAP. Inap. question not used

NOTES:
------
The order of candidates and order of traits were randomized.
For the first trait administered, wording begain "Think about..."

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
2008: V083102d
2012: ctrait_rpcknow
2016: V161166
===================================================================================================
VCF9216	

How well does _honest_ describe: Republican Presidential candidate (no RB, 5 cat)

QUESTION:
---------
[Think about 
-Republican Presidential candidate name-.
In your opinion, does the phrase
'he is honest'
describe -name- extremely well, very well, moderately well, slightly 
well, or not well at all? 
/
(What about)
'honest'?
(Does this phrase describe 
-Republican Presidential candidate name- 
extremely well, very well, moderately well, slightly  well, or 
not well at all?)]

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Extremely well
2. Very well
3. Moderately well
4. Slightly well
5. Not well at all

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; half sample administration (2008)
INAP. Inap. question not used

NOTES:
------
The order of candidates and order of traits were randomized.
For the first trait administered, wording begain "Think about..."

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
2008: V083102f
2012: ctrait_rpchonst
2016: V161167
===================================================================================================
VCF9217	

Does R approve or disapprove of the way current U.S. President is handling foreign relations

QUESTION:
---------
Do you approve or disapprove of the way -President name- is
handling (1984,1988-2004: our) relations with foreign countries?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Approve
2. Disapprove

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA
INAP. Inap. question not used

NOTES:
------
1996 NOTE:
The order of Presidential performance items was randomized.
2000 NOTE:
The order of Presidential performance items was randomized.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1984: V840264
1988: V880255
1990: V900102
1992: V923321
1994: V940205
1996: V960299
1998: V980220
2000: V000515
2002: V023034
2004: V043028
2008: V083030
2012: presapp_foreign
2016: V161084
===================================================================================================
VCF9218	

Does R approve or disapprove of the way current U.S. President is handling health care

QUESTION:
---------
Do you approve or disapprove of the way -President name- is
handling health care?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Approve
2. Disapprove

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA
INAP. Inap. question not used

NOTES:
------
1996 NOTE:
The order of Presidential performance items was randomized.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1996: V960303
2008: V083032
2012: presapp_health
2016: V161085
===================================================================================================
VCF9219	

Current U.S. President retrospective: U.S. more or less secure, or not changed

QUESTION:
---------
2000:
Would you say that compared to 1992, the United States
is more secure from its foreign enemies, less secure, or
hasn't this changed very much?
2008:
Would you say that compared to 2000, the United States is
more secure from its foreign enemies, less secure, or hasn't
this changed very much?
2012,2016:
Would you say that compared to 2008, the United States is
more secure from its foreign enemies, less secure, or hasn't
this changed very much?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. More secure
2. No change
3. Less secure

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data; half sample administration (2000)
INAP. Inap. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
2000: V000823,V001605
2008: V083180
2012: presadm_secure
2016: V161234
===================================================================================================
VCF9220	

Current U.S. President retrospective (since beginning of term): economy better, worse, or same

QUESTION:
---------
1992:
Compared to four years ago, would you say that the
nation's economy has gotten better, stayed about the same,
or gotten worse?
2000:
Would you say that compared to 1992, the nation's
economy is better, worse, or about the same?
2004:
Would you say that compared to 2000, the nation's
economy is better, worse, or about the same?
2016:
Would you say that compared to 2008, the nation�s 
economy is now better, worse, or about the same?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Gotten better
2. Stayed the same
3. Gotten worse

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; short or Spanish questionnaire (1992); half sample administration
(2000)
INAP. Inap. question not used

NOTES:
------
This describes the change in the economy since the current President 
was first elected. 1992: George Bush Sr., 2000: Bill Clinton, 
2004: George W. Bush, 2016: Barack Obama. 
Wording in 1998 was not comparable ("since Clinton took office").

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1992: V923535
2000: V000814,V001596
2004: V043213
2016: V161235
===================================================================================================
VCF9221	

CSES: How good or bad a job has the government done in general over the last term of the current administration

QUESTION:
---------
Now thinking about the performance of the government in Washington 
in general, how good or bad a job do you think the government in 
Washington has done over the past four years.
Has it done a very good job?  A good job?  A bad job? A very
bad job? 
{INTERVIEWER: DO NOT PROBE DON'T KNOW}

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Very good job
2. Good job
3. Bad job
4. Very bad job

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
2004: V045240
2008: V085184
2016: V162277
===================================================================================================
VCF9222	

Are things in this country on the right track or have things seriously gotten off on the wrong track

QUESTION:
---------
Do you feel things in this country are generally going in the right 
direction, or do you feel things have pretty seriously gotten off 
on the wrong track?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Right direction
2. Wrong track

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA
INAP. Inap. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1992: V923526
1994: V940901
1998: V980413
2004: V043034x
2008: V083027
2012: presapp_track
2016: V161081
===================================================================================================
VCF9223	

How likely is it that recent immigration levels will take jobs away from people already here

QUESTION:
---------
How likely is it that recent immigration levels will take jobs away 
from people already here--  extremely likely, very likely, somewhat 
likely, or not at all likely?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Extremely likely
2. Very likely
3. Somewhat likely
4. Not at all likely

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no Post data
INAP. Inap. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
2004: V045116
2008: V085083
2012: immigpo_jobs
2016: V162158
===================================================================================================
VCF9224	

Is R invested in the stock market

QUESTION:
---------
Do you personally, or jointly with a spouse, have any money invested 
in the stock market right now -- either in an individual stock or 
in a mutual fund?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
2. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA
INAP. Inap. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1998: V980425
2000: V000504
2002: V023142
2004: V043065
2008: V083059
2012: wealth_stocks
2016: V161350
===================================================================================================
VCF9225	

Has unemployment in the country gotten better, stayed the same, or gotten worse in the past year

QUESTION:
---------
Would you say that over the past year, the level of unemployment 
in the country has gotten better, stayed about the same, or 
gotten worse?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Better
2. Stayed same
3. Worse

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; half sample administration (1986); programming error (2004)
INAP. Inap. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1986: V860377
1988: V880239
1992: V923527
2004: V043101
2008: V083087
2012: econ_unpast
2016: V161142
===================================================================================================
VCF9226	

Much or somewhat that the level of unemployment has gotten better/worse

QUESTION:
---------
(Would you say that over the past year, the level of unemployment 
in the country has gotten better, stayed about the same, or 
gotten worse?)
Would you say much better or somewhat better? /
Would you say much worse or somewhat worse?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Much better
2. Somewhat better
3. Same
4. Somewhat worse
5. Much worse

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; DK/RF/NA whether better or worse; half sample administration (1986);
programming error (2004)
INAP. Inap. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1986: V860378
1988: V880240
1992: V923528
2004: V043102
2008: V083087x
2012: econ_unpast_x
2016: V161142x
===================================================================================================
VCF9227	

Does R think the difference in incomes between rich and poor in the U.S. is larger, smaller, or about the same as 20 years ago

QUESTION:
---------
Do you think the difference in incomes between rich people and
poor people in the United States today is larger, smaller, or
about the same as it was 20 years ago?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Larger
2. About the same
3. Smaller

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
2004: V045113
2008: V085080
2012: ineq_incgap
2016: V161137
===================================================================================================
VCF9228	

Much or somewhat larger/smaller gap in incomes between rich and poor in the U.S. than 20 years ago

QUESTION:
---------
(Do you think the difference in incomes between rich people and
poor people in the United States today is larger, smaller, or
about the same as it was 20 years ago?)
Would you say the difference in incomes is) much larger
or somewhat larger? /
Would you say the difference in incomes is) much smaller
or somewhat smaller?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Much larger
2. Somewhat larger
3. About the same
4. Somewhat smaller
5. Much smaller

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; DK/RF/NA whether larger or smaller; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
2004: V045113a
2008: V085080a
2012: ineq_incgap_x
2016: V161138x
===================================================================================================
VCF9229	

Will unemployment get better, stay the same, or get worse in the next 12 months

QUESTION:
---------
How about people out of work during the coming 12 months-- do you 
think that there will be more unemployment than now, about the 
same, or less?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. More unemployment
2. About the same
3. Less unemployment

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data; programming error (2004)
INAP. Inap. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1992: V926152
2004: V043103
2008: V083088
2012: econ_unnext
2016: V161143
===================================================================================================
VCF9230	

Should the federal government encourage or discourage American companies to replace U.S. workers with foreign workers, or stay out

QUESTION:
---------
Recently, some big American companies have been hiring workers
in foreign countries to replace workers in the U.S.
Do you think the federal government should discourage 
companies from doing this, encourage companies to do this, or
stay out of this matter?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Discourage companies
2. Should stay out of this matter
3. Encourage companies

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
2004: V045142
2008: V085103
2012: outsource_enc
2016: V162177
===================================================================================================
VCF9231	

Does R favor or oppose placing limits on imports to protect American jobs (or haven't you thought much about this)

QUESTION:
---------
Some people have suggested placing new limits on foreign 
imports in order to protect American jobs. Others say that 
such limits would raise consumer prices and hurt American 
exports.  Do you favor or oppose placing new limits on 
imports, or haven't you thought much about this?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Favor new limits
2. Oppose new limits

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-7. Haven't thought
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data; half sample administration (2000)
INAP. Inap. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1988: V880376
1992: V923802
1996: V961327
1998: V980490
2000: V000511a
2004: V045114
2008: V085081
2012: imports_limit
2016: V162152b
===================================================================================================
VCF9232	

Does R favor or oppose the U.S. government torturing people who are suspected of being terrorists, to try to get information

QUESTION:
---------
Do you favor, oppose, or neither favor nor oppose the U.S. 
government torturing people, who are suspected of being
terrorists, to try to get information?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Favor
2. Neither favor nor oppose
3. Oppose

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
2008: V085232
2012: dhs_torture
2016: V162295
===================================================================================================
VCF9233	

How much does R favor/oppose use of U.S. govt torture [of those suspected of being terrorists]

QUESTION:
---------
(Do you favor, oppose, or neither favor nor oppose the U.S. 
government torturing people, who are suspected of being
terrorists, to try to get information?)
Do you favor that a great deal, moderately, or a little? /
Do you oppose that a great deal, moderately, or a little?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Favor a great deal
2. Favor moderately
3. Favor a little
4. Neither favor nor oppose
5. Oppose a little
6. Oppose moderately
7. Oppose a great deal

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; DK/RF/NA whether favor or oppose; no post data; programming error
(2016)
INAP. Inap. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
2008: V085232x
2012: dhs_torture,dhs_torturefav,dhs_tortureopp
2016: V162295x
===================================================================================================
VCF9234	

Abortion issue placement for Democratic Presidential candidate

QUESTION:
---------
1992:
What do you think is -Democratic Presidential candidate name-'s 
position on abortion?
1996,2004-LATER:
Where would you place -Democratic Presidential candidate name- 
(on this scale)?
2000:
FTF: Where would you place -Democratic Presidential candidate name- 
on abortion?
PHONE: What about -Democratic Presidential candidate name-  
(on abortion)?  Which opinion best agrees with his views?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. By law, abortion should never be permitted
2. The law should permit only in cases of rape, incest or danger
3. The law should permit for reasons other than rape, incest or danger
4. By law, a woman should always be able to obtain an abortion

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data; half  sample administration (2008); VOL: other 
(1992,1996,2000,2004,2008,2012)
INAP. Inap. question not used

NOTES:
------
Respondent booklet was used.
After 1992, the order of Presidential candidates was randomized.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1992: V923734
1996: V960506
2000: V000696
2004: V045135
2008: V085089a
2012: abort_dpc4
2016: V162181
===================================================================================================
VCF9235	

Abortion issue placement for Republican Presidential candidate

QUESTION:
---------
1992:
What do you think is -Democratic Presidential candidate name-'s 
position on abortion?
1996,2004-LATER:
Where would you place -Democratic Presidential candidate name- 
(on this scale)?
2000:
FTF: Where would you place -Democratic Presidential candidate name- 
on abortion?
PHONE: What about -Democratic Presidential candidate name-  
(on abortion)?  Which opinion best agrees with his views?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. By law, abortion should never be permitted
2. The law should permit only in cases of rape, incest or danger
3. The law should permit for reasons other than rape, incest or danger
4. By law, a woman should always be able to obtain an abortion

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data; half  sample administration (2008); VOL: other 
(1992,1996,2000,2004,2008,2012)
INAP. Inap. question not used

NOTES:
------
Respondent booklet was used.
After 1992, the order of Presidential candidates was randomized.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1992: V923733
1996: V960509
2000: V000698
2004: V045134
2008: V085089b
2012: abort_rpc4
2016: V162182
===================================================================================================
VCF9236	

Does R favor or oppose the death penalty for persons convicted of murder

QUESTION:
---------
Do you favor or oppose the death penalty for persons convicted 
of murder?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Favor
2. Oppose

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK; depends (VOL)
-9. RF; NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1988: V880854
1990: V900477
1992: V925933
1994: V941041
1996: V961197
1998: V980503
2000: V000749
2004: V043186
2008: V083163
2012: penalty_favdpen
2016: V161233
===================================================================================================
VCF9237	

R strongly or not strongly favor/oppose the death penalty for persons convicted of murder

QUESTION:
---------
(Do you favor or oppose the death penalty for persons convicted 
of murder?)
Do you favor the death penalty for persons convicted of murder 
strongly or not strongly? /
Do you oppose the death penalty for persons convicted of murder 
strongly or not strongly?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Favor strongly
2. Favor not strong
4. Oppose not strong
5. Oppose strongly

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; DK/RF/NA whether favor or oppose; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1988: V880855
1990: V900478
1992: V925934
1994: V941042
1996: V961198
1998: V980504
2000: V000752
2004: V043187
2008: V083163x
2012: penalty_favopp_x
2016: V161233x
===================================================================================================
VCF9238	

Should the government make it more difficult or easier to buy a gun, or should the rules stay the same as they are now

QUESTION:
---------
Do you think the federal government should make it more difficult 
for people to buy a gun than it is  now, make it easier for 
people to buy a gun, or keep these rules about the same as 
they are now?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. More difficult
2. Keep these rules about the same
3. Make it easier

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK; depends (VOL)
-9. RF; NA
INAP. Inap. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
2000: V000728
2004: V043188
2008: V083164
2012: gun_control
2016: V161187
===================================================================================================
VCF9239	

How important is gun control issue to R

QUESTION:
---------
(Do you think the federal government should make it more difficult 
for people to buy a gun than it is  now, make it easier for 
people to buy a gun, or keep these rules about the same as 
they are now?)
How important is this issue to you personally?  Not at all important, 
not too important, somewhat important, very important, or 
extremely important?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Extremely important
2. Very important
3. Somewhat important
4. Not too important
5. Not at all important

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; half sample administration (2008)
INAP. Inap. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
2000: V000732
2004: V043190
2008: V083164a
2012: gun_importance
2016: V161188
===================================================================================================
VCF9240	

CSES: Left-right (11pt) scale placement for R

QUESTION:
---------
In politics people sometimes talk of left and right.
Where would you place yourself on a scale from 0 to 10 where 0 
means the left and 10 means the right?
{2004-LATER: INTERVIEWER: DO NOT PROBE DON'T KNOW}

VALID CODES:
------------
0. Left
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10. Right

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. NA; no Post data
INAP. Inap. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1996: V961484
2004: V045271
2008: V085191
2012: cses_selfleft
2016: V162289
===================================================================================================
VCF9241	

CSES: Left-right (11pt) scale placement for Democratic party

QUESTION:
---------
In politics people sometimes talk of left and right.
Where would you place the Democratic party on a scale from 0 
to 10 where 0 means the left and 10 means the right?
{INTERVIEWER: DO NOT PROBE DON'T KNOW}

VALID CODES:
------------
0. Left

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-7. Haven't heard of (2004,2008,2012)
 10. Right
-8. DK
-9. NA; no Post data
INAP. Inap. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
2004: V045260
2008: V085189a
2012: cses_dptyleft
2016: V162287
===================================================================================================
VCF9242	

CSES: Left-right (11pt) scale placement for Republican party

QUESTION:
---------
Using the same scale, where would you place the Republican 
party?
{INTERVIEWER: DO NOT PROBE DON'T KNOW}

VALID CODES:
------------
0. Left
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10. Right

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-7. Haven't heard of (2004,2008,2012)
-8. DK
-9. NA; no Post data
INAP. Inap. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
2004: V045261
2008: V085189b
2012: cses_rptyleft
2016: V162288
===================================================================================================
VCF9243	

Would R call self a born-again Christian /consider self a born-again Christian / had the deep religious experience described as being born again

QUESTION:
---------
1980,1984: 
Some people have had deep religious experiences which have 
transformed their lives.  I'm thinking of experiences sometimes 
described as "being born again in one's life."
There are deeply religious people who have not had an
experience of this sort.  How about you; have you had such an 
experience?
1988:
Do you consider yourself a born-again Christian?
1990,1992,1996-2000,2008:
Would you call yourself a born-again Christian, that is, 
have you personally had a conversion experience related to 
Jesus Christ?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
2. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; R not Christian; programming error (2016)
INAP. Inap. question not used

NOTES:
------
1992 NOTE:
For panel short form cases, 1990 data were included.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V801175
1984: V841080
1988: V880529
1990: V900545
1992: V923847
1996: V960601
1998: V980568
2000: V000903
2008: V083203
2012: relig_bornagn
2016: V161263
===================================================================================================
VCF9244	

How often can R trust people

QUESTION:
---------
Generally speaking, how often can you trust other people?
Always, most of the time, about half the time, once in a while,
or never?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Always
2. Most of the time
3. About half the time
4. Once in a while
5. Never

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; half sample administration (2008)
INAP. Inap. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
2008: V083092b
2012: trust_social
2016: V161219
===================================================================================================
VCF9245	

How satisfied is R with R's life

QUESTION:
---------
All things considered, how satisfied are you with your life as a 
whole these days?
Would you say that you are extremely satisfied, very satisfied,
moderately satisfied, slightly satisfied, or not satisfied at all?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Extremely satisfied
2. Very satisfied
3. Moderately satisfied
4. Slightly satisfied
5. Not satisfied at all

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
2008: V085310
2012: happ_lifesatisf
2016: V161522
===================================================================================================
VCF9246	

Which is more important for a child to have: curiosity or good manners

QUESTION:
---------
(Although there are a number of qualities that people
feel that children should have, every person thinks that
some are more important than others.  I am going to read you
pairs of desirable qualities. For each pair please tell me
which one you think is more important for a child to have:)
curiosity or good manners

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Curiosity
2. Both (VOL)
3. Good manners

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; short questionnaire (1992); no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1992: V926021
2000: V001588
2004: V045209
2008: V085159
2012: auth_cur
2016: V162240
===================================================================================================
VCF9247	

Which is more important for a child to have: obedience or self-reliance

QUESTION:
---------
(Although there are a number of qualities that people
feel that children should have, every person thinks that
some are more important than others.  I am going to read you
pairs of desirable qualities. For each pair please tell me
which one you think is more important for a child to have:)
obedience or self-reliance

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Obedience
2. Both (VOL)
3. Sel

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-reliance
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; short questionnaire (1992); no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1992: V926020
2000: V001587
2004: V045210
2008: V085160
2012: auth_obed
2016: V162241
===================================================================================================
VCF9248	

Which is more important for a child to be: considerate or well-behaved

QUESTION:
---------
(Although there are a number of qualities that people
feel that children should have, every person thinks that
some are more important than others.  I am going to read you
pairs of desirable qualities. For each pair please tell me
which one you think is more important for a child to have:)
being considerate or well behaved

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Being considerate
2. Both (VOL)
3. Well behaved

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; short questionnaire (1992); no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1992: V926022
2000: V001589
2004: V045211
2008: V085161
2012: auth_consid
2016: V162242
===================================================================================================
VCF9249	

Which is more important for a child to have: independence or respect for elders

QUESTION:
---------
(Although there are a number of qualities that people
feel that children should have, every person thinks that
some are more important than others.  I am going to read you
pairs of desirable qualities. For each pair please tell me
which one you think is more important for a child to have:)
independence or respect for elders

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Independence
2. Both (VOL)
3. Respect for elders

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; short questionnaire (1992); no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1992: V926019
2000: V001586
2004: V045208
2008: V085158
2012: auth_ind
2016: V162239
===================================================================================================
VCF9250	

CSES: Who votes for makes a big diffence - (5pt) scale placement for R

QUESTION:
---------
Some people say that no matter who people vote for, it won't
make any difference to what happens. Others say that who
people vote for can make a big difference to what happens.
Using the scale in the booklet, (where one means that
voting won't make any difference to what happens and five
means that  voting can make a big difference), where would
you place  yourself?
{INTERVIEWER: DO NOT PROBE DON'T KNOW}

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Won't make a difference
2.
3.
4.
5. Can make a big difference

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used

NOTES:
------
1996,2004 wording were not comparable.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
2008: V085183
2012: cses_diffvote
2016: V162282
===================================================================================================
VCF9251	

How well does R understand the important political issues facing our country

QUESTION:
---------
How well do you understand the important political issues facing
our country?  Extremely well, very well, moderately well, slightly
well, or not well at all?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Extremely well
2. Very well
3. Moderately well
4. Slightly well
5. Not well at all

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; half sample administration (2008,2012); no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
2008: V083080b
2012: effic_undrev
2016: V162218
===================================================================================================
VCF9252	

How often do politics and government seem so complicated that R can't really understand what's going on

QUESTION:
---------
How often do politics and government seem so complicated that
you can't really understand what's going on?  All the time, most
of the time, about half the time, some of the time, or never?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. All the time
2. Most of the time
3. About half the time
4. Some of the time
5. Never

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; half sample administration (2008,2012); no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
2008: V083080a
2012: effic_complicrev
2016: V162217
===================================================================================================
VCF9253	

CSES: Make big difference who is in power (5pt) scale placement for R

QUESTION:
---------
Please look at page 10 in the booklet.
Some people say that it doesn't make any difference
who is in power. Others say that it makes a big difference
who is in power.
Using the scale in the booklet, (where ONE means that it
doesn't make any difference who is in power and FIVE means
that it makes a big difference who is in power), where would
you place yourself?
{INTERVIEWER: DO NOT PROBE DON'T KNOW}

VALID CODES:
------------
1. It doesnt make a difference who is in power
2.
3.
4.
5. It makes a big difference who is in power

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used

NOTES:
------
1996,2004 wording not comparable

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
2008: V085182
2012: cses_diffpower
2016: V162281
===================================================================================================
VCF9254	

CSES: How satisfied is R with the way democracy works in the U.S. (4cat: satisfied-not at all satisfied)

QUESTION:
---------
On the whole, are you satisfied, fairly satisfied, not very 
satisfied, or not at all satisfied with the way democracy works 
in the United States?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Satisfied
2. Fairly satisfied
3. Not very satisfied
4. Not at all satisfied

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1996: V961459
2000: V001651
2002: V025179
===================================================================================================
VCF9255	

CSES: How satisfied is R with the way democracy works in the U.S. (4cat: very satisfied-not at all satisfied)

QUESTION:
---------
On the whole, are you very satisfied, fairly satisfied, not very 
satisfied, or not at all satisfied with the way democracy works 
in the United States?
{INTERVIEWER: DO NOT PROBE DON'T KNOW}

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Very satisfied
2. Fairly satisfied
3. Not very satisfied
4. Not at all satisfied

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
2004: V045241
2008: V085194
2012: cses_satisdem
2016: V162290
===================================================================================================
VCF9256	

Was R able to devote any time to volunteer work in the last 12 months

QUESTION:
---------
Many people say they have less time these days to do volunteer 
work.  What about you, were you able to devote any time to 
volunteer work in the last 12 months (2000-later: or did you 
not do so)?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
2. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1992: V926138
1996: V961257
2000: V001474
2002: V025100
2004: V045171
2008: V085128
2012: involv_voltr
2016: V162197
===================================================================================================
VCF9257	

Has R worked with others to deal with issue in community during the past 12 months

QUESTION:
---------
During the past 12 months, have you worked with other people 
to deal with some issue facing your community?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
2. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
2000: V001491
2002: V025163
2004: V045166
2008: V085124
2012: involv_communwk
2016: V162195
===================================================================================================
VCF9258	

Did R attend a meeting about an issue in community or schools during the past 12 months

QUESTION:
---------
During the past twelve months, did you attend a meeting about 
an issue facing your community or schools?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
2. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA;  no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
2000: V001493
2004: V045168
2008: V085126
2012: involv_commmtg
2016: V162196
===================================================================================================
VCF9259	

How often does R follow information about politics and government

QUESTION:
---------
How often do you pay attention to what's going on in government 
and politics?
All the time, most of the time, about half the time, once in 
a while, or never?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Always
2. Most of the time
3. About half the time
4. Some of the time
5. Never

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; half sample administration; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
2008: V085073b
2012: interest_attention
2016: V161003
===================================================================================================
VCF9260	

What job or office is held by named Speaker of the U.S. House

QUESTION:
---------
Now we have a set of questions concerning various
public figures.  We want to see how much information about
them gets out to the public from television, newspapers and
the like.
(The first name is) -name-.
(What job or political office does he now hold?)
{BEFORE 2004:  PAUSE AFTER EACH NAME.  RECORD EXACTLY WHAT IS 
SAID BUT DO NOT PROBE}
{2004-LATER: INTERVIEWER:  DOUBLE-CHECK THAT SCREEN IS NOT 
WITHIN VIEW OF THE RESPONDENT. PROBE DON'T KNOWS WITH, "WELL, 
WHAT'S YOUR BEST GUESS?" DK KEY IS NOT ALLOWED FOR THIS 
QUESTION}

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Correctly identifies
2. No identification; identification is incomplete or wrong

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-9. no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1992: V925919
1996: V961192
2004: V045162
2008: V085120
2012: ofcrec_speaker_correct
2016: V162073a
===================================================================================================
VCF9261	

What job or office is held by named Vice-President

QUESTION:
---------
Now we have a set of questions concerning various
public figures.  We want to see how much information about
them gets out to the public from television, newspapers and
the like.
(The first name is) -name-.
(What job or political office does he now hold?)
{BEFORE 2004:  PAUSE AFTER EACH NAME.  RECORD EXACTLY WHAT IS 
SAID BUT DO NOT PROBE}
{2004-LATER: INTERVIEWER:  DOUBLE-CHECK THAT SCREEN IS NOT 
WITHIN VIEW OF THE RESPONDENT. PROBE DON'T KNOWS WITH, "WELL, 
WHAT'S YOUR BEST GUESS?" DK KEY IS NOT ALLOWED FOR THIS 
QUESTION}

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Correctly identifies
2. No identification; identification is incomplete or wrong

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-9. no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1986: V860343
1990: V900395
1992: V925916
1994: V941006
1996: V961189
1998: V980475
2004: V045163
2008: V085121
2012: ofcrec_vp_correct
2016: V162072
===================================================================================================
VCF9262	

What job or office is held by named Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court

QUESTION:
---------
Now we have a set of questions concerning various
public figures.  We want to see how much information about
them gets out to the public from television, newspapers and
the like.
(The first name is) -name-.
(What job or political office does he now hold?)
{BEFORE 2004:  PAUSE AFTER EACH NAME.  RECORD EXACTLY WHAT IS 
SAID BUT DO NOT PROBE}
{2004-LATER: INTERVIEWER:  DOUBLE-CHECK THAT SCREEN IS NOT 
WITHIN VIEW OF THE RESPONDENT. PROBE DON'T KNOWS WITH, "WELL, 
WHAT'S YOUR BEST GUESS?" DK KEY IS NOT ALLOWED FOR THIS 
QUESTION}

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Correctly identifies
2. No identification; identification is incomplete or wrong

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-9. no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1986: V860345
1988: V880873
1990: V900397
1992: V925917
1994: V941007
1996: V961190
1998: V980476
2000: V001449a
2004: V045165
2008: V085123
2012: ofcrec_cj_correct
2016: V162076b
===================================================================================================
VCF9263	

What was the party of the running candidate to which R gave money

QUESTION:
---------
(1980,1982:
What about other political contributions.  Did you give any money 
this year to a candidate running for public office?
1984,1986:
Now, apart from contributing to a political party, did you give 
any money to an individual candidate running for public office?
1988-LATER:
During an election year people are often asked to make a 
contribution to support campaigns  Did you give money to an 
individual candidate running for public office?)
ALL YEARS: Which party did that candidate belong to?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Democratic party
2. Both Democratic and Republican parties
3. Republican party
7. Other party only; nonpartisan only (1980,1982 only)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK (exc. 1980,1982)
-9. RF; NA; DK (1980,1982 only); R did not contribute to candidate; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1980: V800804,V800806,V800808
1982: V820483,V820485
1984: V840829
1986: V860322
1988: V880831
1990: V900372
1992: V925816
1994: V940813
1996: V961170
1998: V980366
2000: V001230
2004: V045014a
2008: V085033a
2012: mobilpo_ctbcndpty
2016: V162014a
===================================================================================================
VCF9264	

What was the political party to which R gave money

QUESTION:
---------
(1972,1974:
Did you give any money to a political party this year?
1976:
Did you give any money to a political party or make any other
contribution this year?
1980-1982: 
Did you give money to a political party during this election year?
1984,1986:
During the last year did you give any money to an individual candidate, 
a political party organization, people supporting a ballot proposition, 
or to a particular issue or interest group? (IF YES:) Apart from 
contributions to specific candidates, how about contributions to a 
political party organization? Did you give money to a political party 
during this election year?
1988-LATER:
Did you give money to a political party during this election year?)
ALL YEARS:
To which party (did you give money)?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Democratic party
2. Both Democratic and Republican parties
3. Republican party
7. Other party only

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK (exc. 1980,1982)
-9. RF; NA; DK (1980,1982 only); R did not contribute to party; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720473
1974: V742200
1976: V763536
1980: V800812,V800814
1982: V820491,V820493,V820495
1984: V840827
1986: V860324
1988: V880833
1990: V900374
1992: V925818
1994: V940815
1996: V961172
1998: V980368
2000: V001232
2004: V045015a
2008: V085034a
2012: mobilpo_ctbwhpty
2016: V162016a
===================================================================================================
VCF9265	

PRE-ELECTION: Did R vote in the state Presidential primary election or caucus

QUESTION:
---------
1972: 
How about the primary election this year.  Did you vote
in a Presidential primary this spring or summer?
1976: 
Did you vote in the Presidential primary election?
1980: 
ALL STATES EXC. ARKANSAS, MISSISSIPPI, SOUTH CAROLINA: Your state 
held a primary election on -date-. Did you vote in that election, 
or were you unable to do so?
ARKANSAS ONLY:  Your state held a primary election on -date-.  
As you may know, the Republican Party did not have a primary 
contest in Arkansas this year, so there was only a Democratic 
primary election. Did you vote in that election or were you 
unable to do so?
MISSISSIPPI AND SOUTH CAROLINA ONLY: Your state held a primary 
election on -date-.  As you may know, the Republican Party did 
not have a primary contest in Arkansas this year, so there was 
only a Democratic primary election. Did you vote in that election 
or were you unable to do so?
1988:
This state held a Presidential primary/caucus election on -date-
(KANSAS, MICHIGAN, WYOMING ONLY: its Democratic Presidential 
nominating caucus on -date- and its Republican caucus on -date-).
In talking to people about elections, we find that a
lot of people were not able to vote because they weren't
registered, they didn't meet party qualifications, they were
sick, or they just didn't have the time. 
How about you-- did you vote in that primary election/caucus?
(KANSAS, MICHIGAN, WYOMING ONLY: did you vote in either of 
those caucuses?)
1992:
This state held a Presidential primary/caucus election on 
-date- (ARIZONA, IOWA, MINNESOTA, MISSOURI, VIRGINIA, WYOMING
ONLY: its Democratic Presidential nominating caucus on -date- 
and its Republican caucus on -date-).
In talking to people about elections (ARIZONA, IOWA, MINNESOTA,
MISSOURI, VIRGINIA, WYOMING ONLY: about caucuses), we find that 
many people did not vote for a variety of reasons. 
How about you -- did you vote in that primary/caucus? 
(ARIZONA, IOWA, MINNESOTA, MISSOURI, VIRGINIA, WYOMING ONLY: 
in either of those caucuses?)
2008-LATER:
Did you vote in a presidential primary election or caucus
(2012,2016: this year)?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
2. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; short or Spanish questionnaire (1992); Form II (1972)
INAP. Inap. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1968: V680139
1972: V720164
1976: V763034
1980: V800371
1988: V880148
1992: V923301
2008: V083077
2012: prevote_primv
2016: V161021
===================================================================================================
VCF9266	

(HISPANIC Rs) For information about politics does R get the most information from Spanish or English language television, radio, and newspapers

QUESTION:
---------
For information about politics would you say you get the most
information from Spanish-language television, radio, and newspapers,
or from English-language TV, radio, and newspapers?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. English more
2. Both Equally (Bilingual) {VOL}
3. Spanish more
7. Other {SPECIFY}

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; Inap
INAP. Inap. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
2008: V085279
2012: pohisp_hispnews
2016: V162222
===================================================================================================
VCF9267	

Thermometer for: Muslims

QUESTION:
---------
How would you rate:
Muslims
{PROBE FOR "DON'T KNOW" RESPONSE: when you say don't know
do you mean that you don't know who this is or do you
have something else in mind?

VALID CODES:
------------
1-100

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-7. Don't recognize
-8. DK where to rate
-9. RF; NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used

NOTES:
------
Order of group thermometers was randomized.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
2004: V045088
2008: V085065e
2012: ftgr_muslims
2016: V162106
===================================================================================================
VCF9268	

Thermometer for: rich people

QUESTION:
---------
How would you rate:
rich people
{PROBE FOR "DON'T KNOW" RESPONSE: when you say don't know
do you mean that you don't know who this is or do you
have something else in mind?

VALID CODES:
------------
1-100

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-7. Don't recognize
-8. DK where to rate
-9. RF; NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used

NOTES:
------
Order of group thermometers was randomized.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1998: V980269
2004: V045082
2008: V085065b
2012: ftgr_rich
2016: V162105
===================================================================================================
VCF9269	

Thermometer for: Christians

QUESTION:
---------
How would you rate:
Christians
{PROBE FOR "DON'T KNOW" RESPONSE: when you say don't know
do you mean that you don't know who this is or do you
have something else in mind?

VALID CODES:
------------
1-100

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-7. Don't recognize
-8. DK where to rate
-9. RF; NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used

NOTES:
------
Order of group thermometers was randomized.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
2008: V085065g
2012: ftgr_xian
2016: V162107
===================================================================================================
VCF9270	

Hardworking-lazy (7pt) scale placement for whites

QUESTION:
---------
Now I have some questions about different
groups in our society.  I'm going to show you a seven-point
scale on which the characteristics of the people in a group
can be rated.  In the first statement a score of 1 means
that you think almost all of the people in that group tend
to be "hard-working."  A score of 7 means that almost all of
the people in the group are "lazy."  A score of 4 means that
you think that most people in the group are not closer to
one end or the other, and of course you may choose any
number in between.
Where would you rate whites in general on this scale?
2000 TELEPHONE:
Now I have some questions about different groups in our
society. Imagine a seven-point scale on which the
characteristics of the people in a group can be rated.
In the first question a score of 1 means that you think
almost all of the people in that group tend to be
"hard-working." A score of 7 means that you think most
people in the group are "lazy." A score of 4
means that you think that most people in the group are
not closer to one end or the other, and of course,
you may choose any number in between.

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Hard-working
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Lazy

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used

NOTES:
------
Scale administered first for whites, then for other racial 
groups in random order.
2008 NOTE:
ACASI administration

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1992: V926221
1996: V961311
2000: V001574
2004: V045222
2008: V083207a
2012: stype_hwkwhite
2016: V162345
===================================================================================================
VCF9271	

Hardworking-lazy (7pt) scale placement for blacks

QUESTION:
---------
(Now I have some questions about different
groups in our society.  I'm going to show you a seven-point
scale on which the characteristics of the people in a group
can be rated.  In the first statement a score of 1 means
that you think almost all of the people in that group tend
to be "hard-working."  A score of 7 means that almost all of
the people in the group are "lazy."  A score of 4 means that
you think that most people in the group are not closer to
one end or the other, and of course you may choose any
number in between.)
(Where would you rate) blacks (on this scale)?
2000 TELEPHONE:
Where would you rate blacks on a scale of 1 to 7?
(where 1 indicates hard working, 7 means lazy, and 4
indicates most blacks are not closer to one end
or the other.)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Hard-working
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Lazy

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used

NOTES:
------
Scale administered first for whites, then for other racial 
groups in random order.
2008 NOTE:
ACASI administration

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1992: V926222
1996: V961312
2000: V001575
2004: V045223
2008: V083207b
2012: stype_hwkblack
2016: V162346
===================================================================================================
VCF9272	

Hardworking-lazy (7pt) scale placement for Hispanic-Americans

QUESTION:
---------
(Now I have some questions about different
groups in our society.  I'm going to show you a seven-point
scale on which the characteristics of the people in a group
can be rated.  In the first statement a score of 1 means
that you think almost all of the people in that group tend
to be "hard-working."  A score of 7 means that almost all of
the people in the group are "lazy."  A score of 4 means that
you think that most people in the group are not closer to
one end or the other, and of course you may choose any
number in between.)
(Where would you rate) Hispanic-Americans (on this scale)?
2000 TELEPHONE:
Where would you rate Hispanic-Americans on a scale of 1 to 7?
(where 1 indicates hard working, 7 means lazy, and 4
indicates most blacks are not closer to one end
or the other.)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Hard-working
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Lazy

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used

NOTES:
------
Scale administered first for whites, then for other racial 
groups in random order.
2008 NOTE:
ACASI administration

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1992: V926224
1996: V961313
2000: V001576
2004: V045224
2008: V083207c
2012: stype_hwkhisp
2016: V162347
===================================================================================================
VCF9273	

Hardworking-lazy (7pt) scale placement for Asian Americans

QUESTION:
---------
(Now I have some questions about different
groups in our society.  I'm going to show you a seven-point
scale on which the characteristics of the people in a group
can be rated.  In the first statement a score of 1 means
that you think almost all of the people in that group tend
to be "hard-working."  A score of 7 means that almost all of
the people in the group are "lazy."  A score of 4 means that
you think that most people in the group are not closer to
one end or the other, and of course you may choose any
number in between.)
(Where would you rate) Asian-Americans (on this scale)?
2000 TELEPHONE:
Where would you rate Asian-Americans on a scale of 1 to 7?
(where 1 indicates hard working, 7 means lazy, and 4
indicates most blacks are not closer to one end
or the other.)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Hard-working
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Lazy

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used

NOTES:
------
Scale administered first for whites, then for other racial 
groups in random order.
2008 NOTE:
ACASI administration

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1992: V926223
2000: V001577
2004: V045225
2008: V083207d
2012: stype_hwkasian
2016: V162348
===================================================================================================
VCF9274	

In American life and politics, do blacks have too much, about the right amount of, or too little influence

QUESTION:
---------
ALL YEARS:
Some people think that certain groups have too much influence 
in American life and politics, while other people feel that 
certain groups don't have as much influence as they deserve.
1972-1976: 
Here are three statements about how much influence a group 
might have. For each group I read to you, just tell me the 
number of the statement that best says how you feel: blacks
2000: 
I am going to read you a list of groups, for each one please 
tell me whether that group has too much influence, just about 
the right amount of influence or too little influence. 
What about blacks? 
(Would you say they have too much influence, just about the 
right amount of influence, or too little influence?)

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Too much influence
2. Just about the right amount
3. Too little influence

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used

NOTES:
------
In 1972-1976, the Respondent Booklet was used.

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1972: V720745
1974: V742384
1976: V763570
2000: V001438
2012: racecasi_infwhite
===================================================================================================
VCF9275	

In American politics, do blacks have too much, about the right amount of, or too little influence

QUESTION:
---------
Would you say that blacks have too much influence in American 
politics, just about the right amount of influence in American 
politics, or too little influence in American politics?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Too much influence
2. Just about the right amount
3. Too little influence

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
2008: V085114
2012: racecasi_infblacks
2016: V162323
===================================================================================================
VCF9277	

Does working/temporarily laid off R work for someone else, self, or what

QUESTION:
---------
Do you work for someone else, are you self-employed, or what?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Someone else
2. Other and self (both)
3. Self only

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; not currently working or temporarily laid off
INAP. Inap. question not used

NOTES:
------
Applies to all working Rs, regardless of number of hours

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1986: V860624
1988: V880438
1990: V900575
1992: V923925
1994: V941226
1996: V960668
1998: V980631
2000: V000972
2004: V043280
2008: V083236
2012: dem_semplnow
2016: V161293
===================================================================================================
VCF9278	

Does working/temporarily laid off R work for the federal, state, or local government

QUESTION:
---------
Are you employed by a federal, state or local government?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
2. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; not currently working/TLO; works only for self
INAP. Inap. question not used

NOTES:
------
Applies to all working Rs, regardless of number of hours

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1986: V860625
1988: V880439
1990: V900576
1992: V923926
1994: V941227
1996: V960669
1998: V980632
2000: V000973
2004: V043281
2008: V083237
2012: dem_empgovnow
2016: V161294
===================================================================================================
VCF9279	

Does R consider self to be heterosexual or straight, homosexual or [gay/lesbian], or bisexual

QUESTION:
---------
Do you consider yourself to be heterosexual or straight,
homosexual or gay (or lesbian), or bisexual?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Heterosexual or straight
2. Bisexual
3. Homosexual or gay (or lesbian)

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; Inap
INAP. Inap. question not used

NOTES:
------
2008 NOTE:
ACASI administration

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
2008: V083209
2012: orientn_rgay
2016: V161511
===================================================================================================
VCF9280	

Does R know anyone among family and friends who is bisexual or gay

QUESTION:
---------
Among your immediate family members, relatives, neighbors,
co-workers, or close friends, are any of them gay, lesbian, or
bisexual as far as you know?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
2. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA
INAP. Inap. question not used

NOTES:
------
2008 NOTE:
ACASI administration

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
2008: V083210
2012: orientn_knowgay
2016: V161512
===================================================================================================
VCF9281	

Does R have any (1994: some) kind of health insurance

QUESTION:
---------
Do you presently have any (1974: some) kind of health insurance?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
2. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; short or Spanish questionnaire (1992)
INAP. Inap. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
1992: V923714
1994: V941022
2004: V043068
2008: V083060
2012: health_insured
2016: V161112
===================================================================================================
VCF9282	

Is R living with family members

QUESTION:
---------
Are you living at home with one or more persons who are family members?

VALID CODES:
------------
1. Yes
2. No

MISSING CODES:
--------------
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA
INAP. Inap. question not used

WEIGHT:
-------
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z

SOURCE VARS:
------------
2008: V083056
2012: finance_finfam
2016: V161109

